• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.2
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• pp.251-257
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• 2010

Influences of environment (indicated by plant associations) and forest management practices on the distribution of Armillaria spp. and genets (vegetative clones) were investigated. A total of 142 isolates of Armillaria was collected from various host trees on pristine and managed sites (thinned and/or fertilized) growing in relatively wet and dry environments in eastern Washington, U.S.A. The incidence of Armillaria spp. was significantly higher in the relatively wetter sites than the relatively drier sites, as indicated by plant associations. However, no differences in Armillaria occurrence were found among different forest management practices (control vs. thinned vs. thinned and fertilized) within both wetter and drier sites. Incidence of Armillaria was significantly different among conifer and shrub species. The highest proportion with Armillaria was found on grand fir (Abies grandis). Based on pairing tests and rDNA sequencing, the 142 isolates were comprised in a total of 20 genets representing three Armillaria species. More diverse Armillaria spp. were found in both relatively wetter and relatively drier sites within the undisturbed control plots, compared to plots disturbed by forest management practices. The results from this study provide baseline information toward understanding how environment and forest management practices influence incidence and diversity of Armillaria species and genets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.729-736
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• 2012

Korea Forest Service is recently focused on forest tending works for promoting in green jobs. The purpose of forest tending work is not only maintaining ecologically stable forest stand structure but also developing commercial forest. These trends are also emphasized by creation of various benefits and expanding carbon absorption in forest management. For achieving these purposes, Management efficiency of output was analized by the inputs such as labor cost, material cost and expense cost using DEA technique. The results show that, 19 sub-compartments are appeared to be the optimal in the efficiency of the forest tending works among total 52 sub-compartments. Among those there were 5 sub-compartment 8-0-3, 9-3-3, 6-0-3, 7-0-6, 1-0-5 and 3-0-3 to be considered in the high reference. The high reference areas mean those areas which is well accomplished in forest tending works as the desirable model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.300-308
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• 2015

Landscape planning system established in 2007. It is necessary that forest landscape management will be established based on the long-term and wide scope plan for forest management. This study suggested the considering factor while the establishing forest landscape plan for forest characteristics. Forest landscape type was consisted of 4 medium classification(geographical resources, waterscape, forest resources, cultural resources) and 12 small classification(geographical resources: panorama of ridge, ridge of curious rock peaks, waterscape: waterfall, valley, lake, forest resources: crown layer scenery, royal azaleas of main ridge, autumnal tints of ridge slope, flowers in herbaceous plants, inside of forest, forest trail scenery, cultural resources: facilities). This study suggested that consideration on 6 functions of forest in landscape zone planning and forest landscape management plan each classification (main ridge, sense of season, waterscape, rock resources).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2017

This study aimed to predict changes in forest area using a probability density function, in order to promote effective forest management in the area north of the civilian control line (known as the Minbuk area) in Korea. Time series analysis (2010 and 2016) of forest area using land cover maps and accessibility expressed by distance covariates (distance from buildings, roads, and civilian control line) was applied to a probability density function. In order to estimate the probability density function, mean and variance were calculated using three methods: area weight (AW), area rate weight (ARW), and sample area change rate weight (SRW). Forest area increases in regions with lower accessibility (i.e., greater distance) from buildings and roads, but no relationship with accessibility from the civilian control line was found. Estimation of forest area change using different distance covariates shows that SRW using distance from buildings provides the most accurate estimation, with around 0.98-fold difference from actual forest area change, and performs well in a Chi-Square test. Furthermore, estimation of forest area until 2028 using SRW and distance from buildings most closely replicates patterns of actual forest area changes, suggesting that estimation of future change could be possible using this method. The method allows investigation of the current status of land cover in the Minbuk area, as well as predictions of future changes in forest area that could be utilized in forest management planning and policymaking in the northern area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

To achieve the forest fire management goals such as early detection and quick suppression, fire resources should be allocated at high probability area where forest fires occur. The objective of this study was to develop and validate models to estimate spatially distributed probabilities of occurrence of forest fire. The models were builded by exploring relationships between fire ignition location and forest, terrain and anthropogenic factors using logistic regression. Distance to forest, cemetery, fire history, forest type, elevation, slope were chosen as the significant factors to the model. The model constructed had a good fit and classification accuracy of the model was 63%. This model and map can support the allocation optimization of forest fire resources and increase effectiveness in fire prevention and planning.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2018

This study proposes a strategy for the creation and management of urban forests in Paju Heyri art village. Urban forest composition attributes (4 categories and 16 items) were extracted and the questionnaire was asked to the level and the current level for tourists, local residents and workers in Paju Heyri art village. And the priority order for the creation of urban forests was derived through the difference between the present level (performance) and the required level (importance) and the requirements analysis procedure. In this study, the priorities of each item of urban forest formation attributes were determined. The t-test alone had limitations, so we calculated the Borich needs which were not covered by the existing Importance - Performance Analysis (IPA). We used the Locus for Focus Model, which is a method for visually confirming the difference between the current level and the required value for the required level in the 4-quadrant coordinate plane. The results of this study show that the seven priorities can be used as a useful tool for the formulation of urban forests and operational strategies and can be a basic research for the activation of urban forests in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.729-734
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• 2006

This paper aimed to suggest decision-making method for forest management planning using integer programming. Thus, the study examined 85 stands consisting of Korean pine, Japanese larch and oak stands-all of which were at the most suitable time for tending, selection thinning, commercial thinning and final cutting-in the experimental forest of Kangwon National University. The forest management model comprised one objective function, maximizing harvest volume in each stand according to tree species and the kinds of practices, and seven constraints: frequency and stands of practices, minimum and maximum yields, even yields, maximum production, and decision-making varialbes. Besides, the entire period intended by the study was 10 years, divided into 5 management periods. In conclusion, the forest management planning model using integer programming proved that among 85 stands, forest practices were conducted over 68 stands (202.8 ha), producing the total harveted volume of $20,000m^3$, while the rest was reserved. This case study could help make decisions on whether and when the forest practices and harvests could be done in a specific condition.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.254-262
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• 2012

The purposes of the research in related to FSC in JuJe experimental forests (JJEFs) is to make pre and post socio-economic comparisons and play an important role of FSC, and recognition change to FSC timbers and to make an analysis to consumers' needs. As the results of onsite survey in 2005, respondents show a high awareness of SFM and FSC in comparisons of 2004, and the JJEFs play a critical role to make SFM and FSC advertisement worldwide, such as consumers' satisfaction to SFM and FSC is high. Hence provision of JJEF information such as job creation and socio-economic impacts to stockholders could make their satisfaction improving. Most of respondents to the FSC of JJEF represent a positive rate while low awareness to FSC timber is represented. Therefore, necessary information about JJEF FSC with forest management, process and consumption pattern of FSC is required into citizens. The final results prove that FSC effects such as 1.3 billion won direct additional benefits in terms of socio-economic aspects including environmental benefits and job creation and economic effects are enough to offset 1.3 billion won additional costs.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2016

This study was intended to analyze the average abatement cost (AAC) of forest carbon offset projects to suggest a basic credit price for government purchase of forest carbon credits. For this purpose, an a/reforestation project and a forest management project were designed with 30 years of project period. It is assumed to plant pine trees (Pinus densiflora) for the a/reforestation project, while it is assumed to replace rigida pine trees(Pinus rigida) with oak trees (Quercus acutissima) for the forest management project. For each project, the forest carbon stock was calculated and the revenue and the cost were analyzed with standardized management activities. Korea Forest Service has supported private forest owners the cost of management activities and the consulting fee for designing carbon offset project. Therefore, the AAC were analyzed for two cases : the one with subsidy for consulting fee (case 1) and the other with subsidy for both consulting fee and management costs (case 2). In addition, the sensitiveness of AAC was analyzed according to the 4 credit prices : ￦5,000, ￦10,000, ￦15,000 and ￦20,000. The result showed that the AAC analyzed for the case 1 was so high that net revenue would not be expected from all project types with any credit price. However the AAC analyzed for the case 2 was relatively lower than the AAC of case 1. Net revenue was expected from a/reforestation project with credit price over ￦10,000, while from forest management project with credit price over ￦15,000. Based on the AAC analyzed in this study, ￦15,000 was suggested as the basic price for government purchase of forest carbon credit.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.503-511
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to suggest the introduction plans of forest land bank system for effective forestry management as well as the livelihood stability support of aged forest landowners. It is expected that forest land bank system can contribute to solve forestry management problems caused by small and scattered forest lands, aging forest landowners, and the increase of absentee forest landowners. This study examined an existing related case of Farmland Bank system, and suggested basic directions, main functions, priority, and agency for forest land bank system. The goals of forest land bank system include activating private forest land management, improving forest management scale, and supporting stable forestry income. Based on the examination of this study, main projects of forest land bank involve forest land sale and lease consignment, forest land reverse mortgage, forest land scale improvement project, and forest business recovery support program. In addition, this study discussed potential problems and their solutions in introducing and operating the forest land bank system. This study can play a key role to determine a basic direction and to establish policies of the forest land management.