• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.449-451
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• 2007

In the commercially managed timber lands, the information such as height, age, stand density, canopy closure and leaf area index need to be collected periodically. Stand volume is the most fundamental information in the valuation of timber, however, stand age information is the primary element of forest inventory and these two are highly correlated. Conventional method of collecting stand age information by field surveys such as ring count method is accurate; however, it is expensive, labor-intensive and time consuming. In the present study it was aimed to collect stand age information using modem techniques in a commercially managed timberland situated in Tennessee, USA. The Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) of three different periods, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), National elevation dataset (NED) and field inventory data were used. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Tasselled Cap (TC) transformation techniques were applied on the TM and ETM+ data. The regression analysis was carried out to identify the correlation between stand age and NDVI, TC. In the present study about 2,469 datasets were analyzed. The $R^{2}$ value for stand age estimation was 0.713. The NDVI, TC2 and TC3 were found to produce accurate timber age information.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.34-42
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• 1991

Protection of tropical forest affects on significant reduce of tropical hardwood supply, and softwood resources will be increasingly important for the timber security in Korea. U.S. softwood log was most favorite species for Korean softwood log importers in overall import conditions except price stablization and consistency of export policy. Reduced export volume from Pacific Northwest to Korean market has been immediately replenished by rediata pine from New Zealand and Chilean plantation. Siberian timber will hardly play major roles in Korean timber market unless budding structure. softwood plywood and softwood furniture uses are enhanced. Recent rapid rise of labor cost and reducing tariff rrate in Korea provided better opportunities for import lumber in building materials market. Dry dimension lumber was relatively profitable when processed from import U.S. soft-wood log while green lumber was favorable products processed from radiata pine log in Korean lumber market. This means U.S. softwood lumber would have better opportunity to market for '2${\times}$'4 studs when wood frame housing is introduced. On the other hand while radiata pine is competitive on temporary construction lumber such as supporter and concrete forming frame in Korea. Shortage of raw material for the new capacity of board plants in Korea will be it bottle neck. Major log export countries to Korea as U.S. New Zealand and Chile showed high trade intensity indices of composite hoard produces for Korean market. As Korea efforts to diversify import sources, and tariffs are reduced to 8% as scheduled by 1994. countries of scoring higher comparative advantages as Portugal. Brazil, Austria as well as New Zealand will have better opportunity to penetrate into promised Korean composites hoard market.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Due to aging of the rural and mountain populations the labor force is reduced. However work intensity continues to increase, thus, there is a need to improve the current effectiveness of forest operations. This study compared and analyzed the Operation productivity and efficiency of planting containerized seedlings using a battery-powered planting auger and a mattock. Growth was also investigated by looking into the initial growth increments in the planted seedlings. Tasks were investigated by analyzing the process and operation time needed to plant 1 containerized seedling using a planting auger and a mattock. The time spent on the various elements of the planting process was measured with a stopwatch but observations were done continuously. Result of the study shows that with the use of a lightweight planting auger the average time spent to plant a containerized seedling is 18.61 seconds while with the use of a mattock it took an average of 26.96 seconds which clearly demonstrates that the planting auger is more efficient in terms of working hours. Working intensity was also analyzed with the use of a portable heart rate monitor (Polar V800). The average increase in heart rate and work intensity index were analyzed for one planting cycle. It was observed that when using the lightweight planting auger, there was a 46.51% increase in the average heart rate while a 74.67% increase in heart rate when the mattock was used which shows that there is a significant increase in heart rate when mattock is used. In addition, work intensity index was observed to be 29.95% and 47.83% when the planting auger and mattock were used respectively. With the continuous use, work intensity index is significantly higher with the use of the mattock as compared to that of the lightweight planting auger. There were no significant differences on the growth increment of seedlings planted using the different tools until a year after planting, however differences in growth increment were observed after a year. A difference of 15.1 cm in height and 3.41 mm in diameter was observed which shows that the use of lightweight planting auger is excellent for planting containerized seedlings.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2022

본 연구는 초지조성방법과 작업항목을 재설정하고 이에 따른 비용 추정을 통하여 적정 초지조성단가를 산출하였다. 초지조성방법은 경운조성(전체벌목)과 불경운조성(전체벌목과 부분벌목)으로 구분하였다. 초지조성방법별 작업항목에 대한 비용은 인허가와 조성작업으로 구분하여 제시하였다. 인허가 비용은 환경영향평가(소규모환경영향평가), 재해영향평가, 측량, 산림조사 및 산지전용협의에서, 조성작업 비용은 벌채, 벌개제근, 파종, 비료, 가축분뇨퇴비, 목초종자, 제초제, 인건비(비료, 종자, 제초제 등 살포) 진압, 목도 및 목책에서 발생한다. 본 연구에서 적정 초지조성단가는 경운조성이 115,894,212원, 불경운조성의 전체벌목과 부분벌목(임간조성)이 각각 110,281,572원과 106,680,122원이었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 초지조성방법, 작업항목 및 이에 따른 초지조성단가 추정은 정부지원사업을 수행하는데 유용하게 사용할 수 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.100-111
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• 1983

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 강원도(江原道) 새마을 '소' 임간공동방목사업(林間共同放牧事業)의 일환(一環)으로 81년도(年度)에 개설(開設)된 105개(個)의 공동방목장(共同放牧場)과 '82년도(年度)에 개설(開設)된 103개(個)의 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 경영실태와 분석(分析)된 문제점(問題點) 그리고 개선방안(改善方案)에 관한 연구결과(硏究結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공동방목(共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 효과 1) 방목기간중(放牧期間中) 1 일(日) 평균(平均) 증체량은 0.46kg으로서 농가(農家) 관행사육(慣行飼育)의 0.33kg보다 높았다. 2) '82년도(年度) 208개(個) 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 방목기간(放牧期間)(5-10 월(月))중(中) 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 효과를 경제분석하면, 관행사육(慣行飼育)보다 293,075.,300원의 증체효과, 543,838,750원의 인건비(人件費) 절감효과 및 194,443,270원의 사료비(飼料費) 절감효과를 얻어 약(約) 1,031,357,320원의 소득효과를 가져왔다. 3) 208개(個) 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 설문(設問) 조사(調査) 결과(結果), 농가(農家) 관행(慣行) 사육(飼育)보다 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 순위별(順位別) 효과에 대해서 농민들은 첫째 노동력(勞動力) 절감(節減). 둘째 사료비(飼料費) 절감(節減), 셋째 질병(疾病) 넷째 다두사육(多頭飼育) 가능(可能), 다섯째 협동심고취(協同心鼓吹), 여섯째 증체 효과, 일곱째 사양관리(飼養管理) 용역(容易), 여덟째 시설비(施設費) 절감(節減)을 들고 있다. 2. 공동방목(共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 문제점(問題點) 1) 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 2년차(年次)부터는 야생초(野生草)의 재생력(再生力)이 현저하게 저하(低下)되어 풀의 부족 현상이 일어난다. 2) 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 적지(適地)가 국유지(國有地)에 많으나 산림청(山林廳)의 이용(利用) 허가(許可)가 나지 않아 이용이 불가능하다. 3) 방목(放牧)으로 인(因)하여 발정(發精)한 암소를 발견하기 어려워서 수정시기(授精時期)를 놓치는 경우가 많다. 4) 각(各) 방목우(放牧牛)에 대한 방역(防疫) 및 진료(診療)의문제점이 많다. 3. 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 개선책(改善策) 1) 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 2년차(年次)부터는 겉뿌림초지(草地)나 제경초지(蹄耕草地)를 조성(造成)하여 충분한 조사료(粗飼料)를 확보(確保)시킬 것. 2) 정부(政府)는 강원도(江原道) 내(內) 모든 국유지(國有地)의 방목(放牧) 적지(適地)는 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場)으로 이용하여 우육(牛肉) 증산(增産), 독우(犢牛) 생산(生産) 지대(地帶)로 활용(活用)되도록 조치(措置)할 것. 3) 여지(與地)의 방목장(放牧場)에는 우수(優秀) 종빈우(種牝牛)를 혼목(混牧)시켜 번식성적(繁殖成績)을 올리도록 한 것. 그리고 발정(發情) 촉진(促進) 홀몬 주사(注射)로 동시(同時) 발정(發情)을 유도(誘導)해서 일괄 수정(授精)시킬 것. 4) 방목장(放牧場)에 토양병(土壤病)인 기종저의 예방(豫防) 주사(注射), 간질충에 대한 구충제의 년간(年間) 2회(回) 투여, 진드기 방제(防除)를 위하여 약욕(藥浴)을 시킬 것. 4. 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 육성(育成)을 위한 정책방향(政策方向) 1) 정부(政府)는 전국(全國)의 임야(林野)를 대상(對象)으로 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 적지(適地)를 조사(調査)할 것. 2) 정부(政府)는 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 적지(適地)로 판단되는 지역은 국공유림(國公有林)이나 법적(法的) 제한(制限) 지역(地域)도 목장(牧場) 개설(開設)이 가능하도록 조치할 것. 3) 정부(政府)는 여지(餘地)에 있는 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 적지(適地)에는 도로(道路) 개설(開設)과 전기목붕(電氣牧棚) 시설(施設)을 정부(政府) 자금(資金)으로 지원할 것. 4) 새마을 운동(運動)의 방향(方向)을 축산소득증대(畜産所得增大)에 두고 강원도(江原道)의 특성(特性)에 맞게 계속 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 사업(事業)이 추진(推進)될 수 있도록 정책적(政策的)인 배려가 필요하다. 5) 정부(政府)는 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 경영에 있어서 번식(繁殖) 성적(成績) 향상(向上)을 위한 인공수정상말비점(人工受精上末備点)을 보완(補完)해 줄 것. 6) 정부(政府)는 소 값의 적정(適定) 가격(價格) 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하기 위한 가격(價格) 정책(政策)을 실시(實施)할 것. 7) 정부(政府)는 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場)에서 초지조성(草地造成)의 신청(申請)이 있을 때는 우선적으로 허가(許可)해 줄 것.