• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.835-838
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• 2008

FAT 파일시스템은 거의 모든 운영체제에서 지원하기 때문에 임베디드 환경과 이동식 저장장치에서 NAND 플래시 메모리의 파일시스템으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 FAT 파일시스템은 하드디스크 특성에 맞게 설계되어 NAND 메모리의 특성에 맞지 않는 부분들이 있다. 이로 인한 파일 시스템의 신뢰성 문제를 해결하기 위하여 새로운 FAT 파일시스템 저널링 기능을 제안한다. 제안된 기능은 WindowsCE 환경에서 구현되었으며 동작을 다양한 크래시 환경에서 검사하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2011

Purpose: Facial contouring surgery for improving congenital, acquired deformity and senile change were attempt in past. Recently contouring surgery became more interested subject for improving the flat forehead and temple area. Many synthetic materials were used such as Collagen, silicon, polyacrylamide gel as liquid form and Gore-tex, silicon implant, endotine as solid form. But, these synthetic implants associate complications as foreign body reaction, infection, displacement, granuloma formation and absorption. Auto-fat injection are used for disfigurement of many part of body. We did auto-fat injection for facial contouring of forehead and temple region. Auto-fat injection is suitable without foreign body reaction, displacement, and toxic reaction. Also auto-fat is relatively simple to obtain from patient and less expensive and able to repeat surgeries. Methods: From 2006 to 2009, 150 patients were treated with Auto-fat injection for facial contouring. For follow up, we sent questionnaire to all patients but 110 patients returned answer sheets. The patients consisted of 20 male patients and 90 female patients with an age ranged from 26 to 60, and the mean 43. Fat tissue were injected 6-8 cc in forehead, 7-12 cc in temple area and fat were harvested from thigh and abdomen. Results: In follow up, all patients, showed absorption of injected fat varied degree and except two patients all patients underwent secondary fat injection. Complications were minimal and neuropraxia of facial nerve were recovered. Most of the patients were satisfied with result of procedure, and answered that they recommend same procedure to their friends and will do surgery again. Conclusion: Auto-fat injections were implemented for facial contouring in 150 patients and obtained satisfactory result. Auto-fat injection is relatively easy procedure and applicable widely. Even though, by passing time, some of the injected fats are absorbed, auto-fat injection could be choice of treatment for contouring forehead and temple. With accumulations of cases and development of surgical technique, better result could be expected.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.206-214
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and cholesterol in the detection of adulterated milk fat. The fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and cholesterol profiles of the mixtures of milk and non-milk fat (adulteration ratios of 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%) were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that concentrations of the fatty acids with oleic acid (C18:1n9c) and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), triglycerides with C52 and C54, and cholesterol detected are proportional to the adulteration ratios remarkably. Oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), C52, and C54 were lower in pure milk fat than in adulterated mixtures. In contrast, pure milk has a higher cholesterol concentration than all adulterated mixtures (adulteration concentration in the range 10-90%). Thus, we suggest that oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), C52, C54, and cholesterol are suitable indicators and can be used as biomarkers to rapidly detect adulterated milk fat by gas chromatography. This study is expected to provide basic data for adulteration and material usage. Moreover, this new approach can detect the presence of foreign oils and fats in the milk fat of cheese and can find application in related studies.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.142-147
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• 1998

Retained wooden foreign bodies following penetrating trauma are a difficult diagnostic problem. However, penetrating wooden foreign bodies of head and neck have the potential for misinterpretation or failure to detect such foreign bodies on CT. Given the likelihood that such a miss will result in an abscess or neurovascular injury, we present the method with higher window settings, they had a higher attenuation with a unique striated internal architecture and different Hounsfield numbers readily differentiate air and non-air hypodense material such as fat, or possibly wood. Being aware of the potential appearance of wood, we may also find CT useful in excluding small retained fragments in postoperative patients with persistent symptoms. This article presents two cases in which wooden foreign bodies of head and neck were present with CT evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2013

The fat content, fatty acid composition, trans fatty acid content and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of 22 chocolates (domestics 8, foreigns 14) collected from the Korea distribution markets were investigated. The crude fat was extracted by acid hydrolysis method and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and reversed-phase HPLC for fatty acid and TAG compositions, respectively. The crude fat content of all chocolates varied between 30.11% and 49.59%. The major fatty acids in most of the chocolates were palmitic acid (19.36~31.15 wt%), stearic acid (5.11~36.32 wt%) and oleic acid (18.77~36.68 wt%). Whereas lauric acid (approximately 35.43 wt%) was detected in chocolate fat of sample No. 18. High oleic acid content was observed for the sn-2 position fatty acid with a range from 64.91% to 86.93%. Trans fatty acid contents in domestic chocolates (sample No. 1~8) and foreign chocolates (sample No. 9~22) were 0.03~0.59 wt% (0.01~0.19 g/100g chocolate) and 0.05~6.32 wt% (0.02~1.99 g/100g chocolate), respectively. In TAG composition, TAGs such as POP/PPO(1,3(2)-palmitoyl-2(3)-oleoyl glycerol, PN=48), POS/PSO(palmitoyl-oleoyl-stearoyl glycerol or palmitoyl-stearoyl-oleoyl glycerol, PN=50), SOS/SSO(1,3(2)-stearoyl-2(3)-oleoyl glycerol, PN=50) were mainly detected in most of the chocolates. The peaks of TAG with low PN (ex, 32-34, 36-38, and 40-42) were detected in No. 18 chocolate fat because of containing short chain fatty acid such as lauric acid.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2021

Background: Various substances are currently being used for cosmetic or postsurgical reconstruction reasons. Injecting of various materials into the face may provoke inflammatory or granulomatous reactions, infection and tissue necrosis. Among these reactions are foreign body granulomas. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of and therapeutic approaches used in patients with facial foreign body granulomas caused by the injection of various substances. Methods: From 2007 to 2020, a total of 64 patients visited our hospital due to inflammatory signs, palpable masses or surface irregularities. We reviewed patient characteristics, type of injected material, medical history and treatment outcomes. The treatment results were scored with patient satisfaction and statistical analysis of the treatment period was performed. Results: Most patients underwent conservative treatment followed by surgical treatment because of persistent symptoms; one patient did not require surgery. All patients reported good treatment results and satisfaction. The earlier the surgical treatment was performed, the shorter the treatment period and the higher patient satisfaction scoring. Conclusion: Granulomatous changes to the face are an emerging concern in various cosmetic procedures and surgeries, including fillers, silicone implants and autologous fat injections. Our findings strongly suggest that patient symptoms require accurate diagnosis and surgical treatment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 1999

Concerns about meat quality, including chicken meat, for the human diet has led to many attempts to manipulate the carcass fat and increase the eating quality. For actual eating quality, the birds must be grown and finished in a manner that results in meat that are tender, succulent and of good flavor, as well as being free from any foreign taint, flavor or safety hazard. Tenderization treatment with high voltage(820V) electrical stimulation and prechill muscle tensioning would improve the tenderness of chicken meat. Proper programs for the withdrawal of feed and water require a team approach for maximizing yield of meat and minimizing carcass contamination. Also effding of supplemental levels of-tocopherol to poultry with vegetable or fish oils increases of desirable polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) content and stablizes the meat against rancidity and fish off-flavors. The nutritional effects of varying dietary ingredients on broiler carcass fat content are also important. Increasing the levels of energy in the ration increases the carcass fat content, while increasing the proteing levels decreases carcass fat content. Supplement-tation of poultry diets with amino acids such as methionine, lysine, glycine and tryptophan as well as amino acid such as well as amino acid mixtures can reduce body fat deposition. Normal stress leads to chicken muscular damage resulting in reduced meat quality, but this can be controlled by preslaughter management practices. Feed manufactures can utilize ntilize nutrient modulation to control pale soft exudative(PSE)syndrome. Finally, the success in poultry meat production depends on the consistent achievement of carefully selected levels of quality. Quality assurance should be the wider function of incorporating quality into the production system and the combination of motivating quality into actions and operations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1979

The consumption of catchup is increasing due to the raising of income level and food industry and westernization of dietary life followed by economic growth. In this paper I picked up three kinds of food produced by two foreign food companies and three kinds of food by two domestic companies. The average results by experimentation on the nutritive ingredients and the standard quality was as follows; A. Nutritve ingredients; 1) Water content a) Domestic 68.3% b) Foreign 69.1% 2) Protein content a) Domestic 2.2 g b) Foreign 2.1 g 3) Fat content a) Domestic 0.1 g b) Foreign 0.1 g 4) Carbohydrate content a) Domestic 25.1 g b) Foreign 24.6 g 5) Mineral content (Ash) a) Domestic 4.4 g b) Foreign 3.9 g 6) Calcium content a) Domestic 33.5 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 7) Phosphorus content a) Domestic 16.1 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 8) Vitamin C content a) Domestic 14.6mg b) Foreign 16.0 mg B. Standard quality 1) Remains after evaporation a) Domestic 41.7% b) Foreign 38.4% 2) Free mineral acid content a) Domestic none b) Foreign none 3) Tar chromatophore a) Domestic $trace(Acid)^+$ b) Foreign none 4) Heavy metalic $elements^*$ 5) Sodium chloride content a) Domestic 3.3% b) Foreign 3.3% 6) pH level a) Domestic 3.83 b) Foreign 3.76 + The tar chromatophore elements could not be accurately measured by chromatography. * The heavy metalic elements were both under safety levels in the domestic and foreign products.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2010

Two male reticulated giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata), 21-year-old, died of nutritional deficiency that primarily caused by serious tooth wear at Seoul Zoo in winter. A 970 kg-weighed giraffe showed tooth wear of premolars, molars and incisors at necropsy. A foreign body in the rumen, congestion and ulcer of abomasum and duodenum were also observed. Mild appearance of serous fat atrophy in pericardial sac suggests that lack of nutritional intake caused by tooth wear can become harmful enough to threat life. At the necropsy of a 1,290 kg-weighed giraffe, a large quantity of sandy soil were found in the rumen which would stuck the pathway of well-fermented ruminal contents at esophageal groove. Nutritional deficiency could be suspected to urge this giraffe to graze grass on the ground along with sandy soil. Secondarily, the soil damaged teeth and become a culprit making irregular tooth wear and mild serous fat atrophy. Nutritionally good care of geriatric animals is needed especially for browsing animals like giraffes and critically in winter season.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.355-357
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• 2014

Linux environment that is commonly used at embedded systems, supports various file systems as Ext2, FAT, NTFS, ets. The file system that is equiped on the embedded system is mostly implemented on mini hard disk or flash memory. The types of the file system of the system make an effect on the performance of a application programs. The factors of file system performance on a same media are block allocation and block free time. On these factors, block free time is not so different according to the type of file systems. This thesis performs the performance benchmark of a Ext2, FAT and NTFS file systems about block allocation performance. As the result, it is discussed that what file system is better at which case.