• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2015

Senior citizens' new life style has appeared according to the massive retirement of the baby boom generation since 2010. Consequently, Senior Welfare Centers, the provider of elderly leisure programs, has been asked for the programs and spaces which are able to meet the changing life style of the elderly. This study focuses on the survey for current status of leisure programs in accordance with the changing life style and on the investigation for sensible usage of space in senior welfare centers in Gwangju Metropolitan city. The result shows the portion of the programs which every center provides is quite different according to the life style. The program types for challenge and utility are provided 192 times a week and the program types for health and sociality 133 times a week. Both types shows high frequency of supply and use of the program especially 85 times of information-oriented education, 64 times of musical instruments, and 42 times of foreign language are supplied vividly. On the contrary, the program types for fashion and self-management and the program types for volunteer work and achievement are insufficient, so It should be reconsidered to establish the programs and to supply the space for the program from now on. The current status for spatial usage shows that most of the centers share a space for several programs. It means that the space of the Senior Welfare Center is limited and various programs should be run in the narrow space. High frequency programs like the program types for challenge and utility secure sufficient spaces not to miscarry the use for the programs. The center of case B has well equipped and large space and provides proper space for each programs to meet the demand of the senior citizens. Like these, Senior Welfare Centers in Gwangju Metropolitan city have supported Senior citizens' Life Style by supplying various leisure programs to meet the demand for it. This research could be used as the basis for the programs about the spatial utilization in accordance with various future life style of Senior citizens'.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.50
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• pp.164-186
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• 2010

Korean society, suffered from a severe currency crisis in 1997, had scarcely missed another market meltdown in 2008. However, neither economic fundamentals nor has political stability little to do with the recent crises. This paper thus projects the possibility of 'self-fulfilling crisis' in which the media took a critical part in amplifying 'crisis discourses.' For the purpose of understanding of media's impact on such a crisis, at first, this paper chose 'September Crisis in 2008' as a case study. While collecting news articles about the crisis, then, total 118 news articles collected from mainstream newspapers such as DongA-ilbo and Money Today have been analyzed in terms of media frame and discourse strategies. Research results showed that not only has the crisis discourse been shifted by economic situations, but the media re-constructed economic realities in way of justifying their political ideology and loyal readership. Taking those findings into consideration, in final, the authors urged the media to improve their performance by embracing more responsible and professional manners.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.56-67
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• 1995

This study was carried out to observe how composting reaction proceed in the optimum composting condition and to understand the characteristics of final compost, when swine feces was amended with different bulking material. Sawdust, rice straw, and rice hull were selected as bulking materials and each of these was mixed with swine feces to obtain the optimum range of moisture contents and C:N ratio. To grasp the influence of newspaper on cornposting reaction when it flew into the composting site intentionally or accidentally, another composting reaction using newspaper as a bulking material was studied. In this experiment, raw material mixes containing the same amount of organic materials were put into 4 composting reactors and composted in the same environmental condition for 3 weeks from Aug. 1, 1994 to Aug. 22, 1994. The followings are the main results of this study. 1. The maximum temperatures reached at during cornposting reaction were 53.8$\circ$C, 51.9$\circ$C, 52.7$\circ$C, and 52.1$\circ$C in the reactor using sawdust, rice straw, rice hull, and newspaper as a bulking material respectively: Thermophilic temperatures were maintained for 72, 108, 108, and 111 hours in each reactor. Mean temperatures of reactors using sawdust, rice straw, rice hull, or newspaper as a bulking materials were 39.7$\circ$C, 39.5$\circ$C, 41.3$\circ$C, and 40.3$\circ$C, but no significant difference between these mean temperatures was observed(p>0.05). Each composter showed significant difference from room temperature(p<0.01), and the mean difference between them was 9.4$\circ$C. 2. Ash contents of each reactor increased rapidly in order of rice straw, rice hull, newspaper, and sawdust according to the pattern of second order function. This rate of increase seemed to result from structural characteristics of a bulking material. The absolute values of second order coefficient of these regression functions were 0.0199, 0.0159, 0.0157, and 0.0144 in each reactor using rice straw, rice hull, newspaper, or sawdust as a bulking material. 3. C:N ratio decreased as the reaction proceeded. Degree of decrease was in order of rice straw, rice hull, newspaper, and sawdust. This sequence was consistent with the increase rate of ash content. The ratios of initial C:N ratio to final C:N ratio were 0.45, 0.53, 0.64, and 0.75 in each reactor using rice straw, rice hull, newspaper, and sawdust as a bulking material respectively. From this ratios, it was possible to infer that all the composting reactions were completed. 4. Fertilizer content containing in the final compost was 1.61~2.20% of N, and 0.35~0.54% of P in dry weight base. According to the classification standard for compost constituent by Higgins, all composts had the intermediate grade of N, but below the low grade of P excepting the newspaper amended compost(fall into the range of the low grade). 5. Heavy metal contents contained in the composts were analyzed. In case of Cd, the range of 0.58~1.11 $\mu$g/g was observed, and in case of Pb, the range of 24.76~39.53 $\mu$g/g was observed(in wet weight base). These values are below the permissible heavy metal level for compost of foreign countries.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 2014

Since the Arab spring in 2010, SNS prompted discussions about the roles to organize collective actions. First of all, mobile media and SNS help to mobilize both on and offline social movement, second, to create new forms of collective actions, third, to organize social movement organizations across the world, fourth, to empower movement participants to develop new collective identities. On the other hand, the same technologies also hinder social movements from developing continuity and dedication. In addition, the problems of digital divide might aggravate the divisive process to organize collective actions across the world. This research is built on these ongoing arguments about the potentials and limitations of new media technologies. In particular, this research tries to move beyond the confrontational approaches to the media through the case study of Save The Jeju Island social movements on Facebook. The movement SNS on Facebook aims to provide as well as organize international SMOs and activists that might help deeper understandings on the potentials and limitations of online communication strategies for global social movements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.414-422
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• 2011

IR (Information Retrieval) systems have the methods that compare relationships between query and index to identify document that may be fit to the user's query keyword. However, the methods usually ignore the importance of relations that are not expressed in the query. Therefore, in this study, we describe how to refine the queries' relation from keyword and to reveal the hidden intent. A useful relationship between query and keyword in IR wth studied and we classified the tion fromrelation. Firstfromall, we did researchmrelated on semantic relationship and ontolhiical researchmin foreign and domestic research, and also analyzed semantic network practices, information retrieval technolhiy, extracted and classified the tion fromrelationships s' relasite's real-world datamin whichminformation retrieval technolhiin fare applied. Next, we souiht to solve the problems occurred frequently i' relasituation that searchers tioically face. I' relacurrent search technolhiy, the mesh searchmresult fare poured by simply comparn ina query with index terms. Therefore, the need for an intelligent search fittn inusers' intent is required. The relationships between two queries to re hiddee and identify relasearcher's intent have to be revealed. By analyzn inthe practical cthes s' queries and classifyn inthem into nine kind fromrelationship tion, we proposed the method to design relation revealn inand role namn i, and we have also illustrated limitations of that methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.5 s.72
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• pp.609-619
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• 2004

An investigation was conducted on the activities around Europe in order to solve the problem of the thermal bridging of steel studs, which had caused a significant disadvantage. This study included the following: diminishing the contact area between the studs and the sheathing, lengthening the heat transfer route, replacing the steel web with a less conductive material, and placing foam insulation in locations where the thermal shorts are most critical. Although energy efficiency is usually the focus of such foreign cases because their stud application is mostly limited to low-rise residential buildings, both structural and thermal performance are taken into consideration in this study because these target middle-story buildings. A hybrid stud composed of steel and polymer was also developed. This hybrid stud, which is 150 SL in size, is made of a galvanized steel sheet (SGC58) and a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) withepoxy bonding. A total of 32 specimens were manufactured. Its parameters comprise two types of connection detail,s: the thickness of steel (1.0mm and 1.2mm) and of the GFRP (4mm-4ply and 6mm-6ply), and the ratio of the length to the depth (L/D = 3, 6, 9, 12). Steel stud specimens with the same conditions were compared to the hybrid stud. The test revealed that in the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.0mm, the maximum load of hybrid studs increased an average of 1.62 times comparedto that of the steel stud. In the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.2mm, on the other hand, the average increase was 1.46times. All specimens showed full composite action until the collapse.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of Dental Hygienic students' level of satisfaction towards their major and sense of career exploration efficacy on their career exploration behavior so that the key findings of this research will help the university students to explore career related to their major and to assume rational attitude towards their career path. Methods : The study was conducted targeting 450 university students who are studying in the Department of Dental Hygienic at the four universities located in Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Data collection was carried out using the self-administered questions based on the use of structured survey questionnaire, and analysis was conducted using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results : 1. Total grade of the Dental Hygienic students' level of satisfaction towards their major was $3.36{\pm}.49$ points, while total grade of the sense of career exploration efficacy was $3.06{\pm}.46$ points. In case of the career exploration behavior, the total grade was $2.76{\pm}.53$ points. 2. In case of the level of satisfaction towards their major, there was a significant difference depending on the class, grade and motivation for admission. As for the sense of career exploration efficacy and career exploration behavior, there was a significant difference depending on grade. 3. Sense of career exploration efficacy and career exploration behavior demonstrated level of satisfaction towards their major manifested positive correlation. Sense of career exploration efficacy manifested positive correlation career exploration behavior. 4. As for the elements that affect Dental Hygienic students' career exploration behavior, they were level of satisfaction towards their major and sense of career exploration efficacy, and the explanatory power was 19.0%. Conclusions : It should be necessary to study the elements that affect Dental Hygienic students' career exploration behavior in greater depth using diverse methods and information in order to increase sense of career exploration efficacy so that the individual Dental Hygienic students can engage in detailed career exploration behavior for the sake of their career path.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.364-371
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• 2016

The analysis on the international safety management code (ISM Code) and case of foreign national safety management for fishing vessel was conducted to serve as a basic data on the introduction of safety management system (SMS) for a deep-sea fishing vessel in Korea. As a result, Maritime New Zealand (MNZ) has managed operations of SMS in the maritime rules according to the Maritime Transport Act since 1994. MNZ underwent a safe ship management (SSM), which includes elements applied to shipping companies, ship and verification of the ISM Code for ships, except ISM Code application since 1998. In 2014 the introduction of the advanced maritime operator safety system (MOSS) superior to the SSM by MNZ was promoted actively switch and enforcement. Meanwhile, the safe operation manual of Japanese fishing vessel includes large part of the contents of the ISM Code, and voluntary implementation to fit the realities of the fishing vessel. The law application of SMS for a deep-sea fishing vessel after the newly establishment of the Ocean Industry Development Act to SMS would be advantageous to the schematic management, supervision, maintenance and application and, in 2016 from the implementation of maritime safety supervisor for a deep-sea fishing vessel that the management and supervision through the fishing vessel will be the efficient operation. The configuration of the safety management system in a deep-sea fishing vessel should be included as an element of ISM Code. The introduction of such a system is gradually applicable, such as nationality overseas vessel case study of the ISM Code, and vessels that are excluded from the application will be implemented as autonomous as Japan. The results are expected to contribute to sustainable development in the ocean industry safety culture spread throughout the ocean industry through the enhancement of safety fishing competency and safety management responsibility of fisher.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-16
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• 2017

Integrated project delivery (IPD) is suggested as an alternative to traditional delivery methods such as design-build (DB), design-bid-build (DBB), and construction management at risk (CMR). Many foreign research studies have approached IPD not only in the contractual aspect but also the work implementation method aspect. However, most research projects in Korea have focused on the contractual aspect of IPD for asserting that the characteristics are the critical matter. The Korean institutional and legal system does not permit the multi-party agreement; therefore, it is difficult to adopt IPD in Korea's construction industry. The researchers do not wait the system to be changed, but we do identify the possibility of adopting IPD in Korea in the perspective of work implementation method, except the contractual characteristics. Thus, the goal of this research is to identify one project that does not include IPD agreement but utilizes other IPD characteristics whose contractual results have similar performance to those that utilize all characteristics of IPD including agreement. This research is expected to enhance performance of the construction project in a Korean construction environment by embracing IPD characteristics as overcoming limits and bounds of the traditional delivery method.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2004

Foreign direct investment (FDI) by firms has various motives in terms of the strategy for firms' long-term growth. This research uses the case study of Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama to analyze the motives of the Korean auto industry's FDI in the U.S. and the locational factors that determined the selection of the site. This paper starts from the question of why Hyundai made the decision to invest in the U.S., which is not favorable in terms of production cost, especially considering that its exports to the U.S. have been on the increase. The results indicate that the strongest motive for the decision to invest in the U.S. was to ameliorate the trade friction between Korea and the U.S. Given that Hyundai depends on the U.S. market to a large extent for its exports, the foremost motive was to use local production in order to reduce the serious trade imbalance in the automobile sector between Korea and the U.S. in order that trade friction with the U.S. may be avoided and causes for trade disputes may be reduced. Other motives such as improving the access to local consumers were of secondary importance. After the selection of the country in which to invest, however, various factors were considered in the decision regarding the location of the plant, and incentives by local governments ultimately played a key role in this decision. The results imply that the Korean manufacturing industry's investment in the U.S. cannot be explained by traditional FDI theories and instead was greatly driven by a strategic defensive motive. In addition, the results confirm that the design of an appropriate incentive structure by host governments is important for attracting FDI.