• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

층류영역의 분출유량에서 큰 가진강도 효과를 얻기 위해 연료관 관 공명주파수로 가진된 비예혼합 분류 화염의 일반적인 가진 연소특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 화염 안정화 특성에서는 두 가지 형태의 부상 특성이 존재하는 사실을 알았는데, 화염이 부상되는 가진강도 크기에서 한 쪽은 감소, 다른 영역에서는 증가하는 것으로 나타나 각각 서로 다른 부상기구가 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 부상되지 않고 노즐에 부착된 분출유량 영역에서의 가진 연소특성을 가진 강도에 따른 화염 길이와 형상, 유동장 응답 특성 그리고 노즐 출구에서의 유속 분포를 중심으로 집중 조사하였다. 특이한 현상으로는 가진 강도 증가에 따라 화염의 신장과 in-burning 현상 그리고 화염 내 거동 와동들의 말림방향이 서로 역전되는 현상 등이 발견되었다. 노즐 출구의 유속분포와 가시화 기법을 통해 이러한 현상들이 노즐관 관벽 안쪽서부터 음의 속도가 발생하기 시작함에 따라 주변 산화제인 공기가 노즐관 안으로 유입되는 현상과 관련되는 것으로 파악되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2014

Abnormal adaptation of the stress-response system following traumatic stress can lead to alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis that may contribute to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study used several behavioral tests to investigate the anxiolytic-like and antidepressant activity of L-tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) in an experimental rat model of anxiety and depression induced by single prolonged stress (SPS), an animal model of PTSD. Male rats were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with vehicle or varied doses of THP 30 min prior to SPS for 8 consecutive days. Daily THP (50 mg/kg) administration significantly increased the number and duration of open arm visits in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, reduced the anxiety index, increased the risk assessment, and increased the number of head dips over the borders of the open arms after SPS. THP was also associated with increased time spent at the center of the open field, reduced grooming behaviors in the EPM test, and reduced time spent immobile in the forced swimming test (FST). It also blocked the decrease in neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the increase in corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) expression in the hypothalamus. This is the first study to determine that THP exerts pronounced anxiolytic-like and antidepressant effects on the development of the behavioral and biochemical symptoms associated with PTSD, indicating its prophylactic potential. Thus, THP reversed several behavioral impairments triggered by the traumatic stress of SPS and is a potential non-invasive therapeutic intervention for PTSD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.422-430
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• 2012

Previous studies have demonstrated that repeated restraint stress in rodents produces increases in depression and anxiety-like behaviors and alters the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. The current study focused on the impact of Bupleurum falcatum (BF) extract administration on repeated restraint stress-induced behavioral responses using the forced swimming test (FST) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Immunohistochemical examinations of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in rat brain were also conducted. Male rats received daily doses of 20, 50, or 100 mg/kg (i.p.) BF extract for 15 days, 30 min prior to restraint stress (4 h/day). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in response to repeated restraint stress was confirmed base on serum corticosterone levels and CRF expression in the hypothalamus. Animals that were pre-treated with BF extract displayed significantly reduced immobility in the FST and increased open-arm exploration in the EPM test in comparison with controls. BF also blocked the increase in TH expression in the locus coeruleus of treated rats that experienced restraint stress. Together, these results demonstrate that BF extract administration prior to restraint stress significantly reduces depression and anxiety-like behaviors, possibly through central adrenergic mechanisms, and they suggest a role for BF extract in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.22-37
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• 2001

Melatonin is secreted during the hours of darkness and is thought to influence the circadian and seasonal timing of a variety of physiological processes. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) which is found to be expressed in pineal gland, retina, and various tissues, catalyses the conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin and is known as the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of melatonin. The compounds that modulate the activity of AA-NAT can be used to treat serotonin-and melatonin-related diseases such as insomnia, depression and seasonal affective disorders (SAD). Several assay methods have been developed by which to measure AA-NAT activity. We have also developed a simple, rapid and sensitive AA-NAT assay method that takes advantage of differences in the organic solubilities between acetyl CoA and N-acetyltryptamine. We screened modulators of AA-NAT activity from the water extracts of the medicinal plants. We found MNP1005 which strongly inhibited the activity of AA-NAT ($IC_{50}$=2.2$\mu$M). Enzyme inhibitory kinetic studies revealed that MNP1005 exhibited a noncompetitive inhibition toward tryptamine. The antidepressant effect of MNP1005 was investigated on behavioral despair test so called forced swimming test (FST). MNP1005 significantly increased swimming behavior by reducing immobility with treatment of 10 mg/kg when compared to the vehicle-treated control group (P < 0.05). This suggests that MNP1005 possesses antidepressant activity. The influence of chronic MNP1005 treatment on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was examined by in situ hybridization and Northern blot. Chronic treatment of MNP1005 blocked the downregulation of BDNF mRNA in the frontal cortex and other cortex regions in response to restraint stress.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.425-439
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• 2010

The current challenge with which most shipyards are forced is to reduce the design time and the time-to-delivery because of explosive order of shipbuilding. Collaborative design and product data management have become important to reduce the lead time. Furthermore, enterprise information technologies such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), SCM (Supply Chain management), and APS (Advanced Planning System) requires the collaborative environment. Also, manufacturing environment has been considered as a topic of strategic interest to get shorter product lifecycles in shipyards. Most shipyards have chosen an environment of ETO (Engineering To Order) strategy which designs and produces new products in response to various requirements of customer, rules and regulations. In the ATO (Assemble 10 Order) environment, most component parts have been designed to be procured or produced on the order requirement. The basic distinction between the ETO and ATO is the timing of the design. Thus in the ATO environment, it is more flexible in reducing the lead time to meet the specified requirements of customers. However, the ETO strategy requires new ship design process and ship product structures that are linked with the implementation of PLM. And, the function and architecture of current PLM solution has been designed based upon ATO environment properly. This paper presents the PLM architecture which effectively reflects the characteristics of shipbuilding. 4-layer architecture model is suggested to implement the PLM system. Also, implemented functions of ship PLM is explained in order to make a practical guidance for ship PLM implementation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1495-1501
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• 2011

본 연구는 동력전달 장치인 추진축이 차량 주행중 상하운동에 따라 생기는 자재이음의 내구성에 대한 강도 해석을 하였다. 유니버설 조인트에서의 최대 등가 응력과 전변형량은 요크 부분에서 $1.3177{\times}10^3$Pa및 $3.6148{\times}10^{-4}$m로 크게 나타났다. 'SAE bracket', 'SAE transmission' 및 Sample history'의 불규칙 피로 하중들 중에서는 하중의 변화가 극심한 SAE bracket'의 경우가 사용 가능 수명이 15951 Cycle 정도로 가장 짧은 것을 볼 수가 있고 하중의 변화가 가장 완만한 Sample history'에서 사용가능 수명이 $2{\times}10^7$ Cycle 정도로 가장 긴 것을 알 수 있었다. 피로 하중의 빈도수로서는 SAE Bracket history'가 80% 정도로서 가장 높게 나타나 파손의 가능성이 큼을 알 수 있었고 Sample history'가 5%로서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 구속 조건을 가하여 한 Harmonic response 해석에서의 최대 변위는 58Hz에서 일어났다. 이러한 진동수에서의 최대 변위는 0.00261m가 되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합하여 동력전달 장치인 추진축에 응용한다면 그 파손 방지 및 내구성을 예측하는데 활용이 클 것으로 사료된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2014

Due to the shift in paradigm from passive control to adaptive control, smart tuned mass dampers (STMDs) have received considerable attention for vibration control in tall buildings and bridges. STMDs are superior to tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in reducing the response of the primary structure. Unlike TMDs, STMDs are capable of accommodating the changes in primary structure properties, due to damage or deterioration, by tuning in real time based on a local feedback. In this paper, a novel adaptive-length pendulum (ALP) damper is developed and experimentally verified. Length of the pendulum is adjusted in real time using a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuator. This can be achieved in two ways i) by changing the amount of current in the SMA wire actuator or ii) by changing the effective length of current carrying SMA wire. Using an instantaneous frequency tracking algorithm, the dominant frequency of the structure can be tracked from a local feedback signal, then the length of pendulum is adjusted to match the dominant frequency. Effectiveness of the proposed ALP-STMD mechanism, combined with the STFT frequency tracking control algorithm, is verified experimentally on a prototype two-storey shear frame. It has been observed through experimental studies that the ALP-STMD absorbs most of the input energy associated in the vicinity of tuned frequency of the pendulum damper. The reduction of storey displacements up to 80 % when subjected to forced excitation (harmonic and chirp-signal) and a faster decay rate during free vibration is observed in the experiments.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.157-166
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• 1994

최근의 배는 에너지절약을 도모하기 위하여 디이젤기관이 대구경 장행정 소수실린더 저속회전화 추세에 있기 때문에 기진력이 커지고 있다. 이와같은 결과로 추진축계에 과잉비틂진동응력이 작용하게 되어 선박운항에 지장을 줄 정도의 플로렐러축의 결손사고가 종종 발생하곤 한다. 현재까지의 추지축계에 대한 설계 및 비틂진동해석은 대부분 축계의 비틂기진력이 확정적이란 가정하에 수행되어 왔다. 이와 관련하여 축계 비틂기진력의 불규칙성의 영향을 고려한 확률적 비틂진동해석에 관한 연구가 이루워지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기관기진력의 확률변수를 고려하여 추진축계의 강제 비틂진동의 확률적 해석에 대한 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 확률적 해석에 응답면이론과 Monte Carlo 시뮤레이션 방법이 이용되었다. 본 해석방법의 타당성 여부를 확인하기 위하여 Nikolaidis 등이 사용한 시산대상선에 대한 일련의 수치계산을 수행하고, 그 결과를 Nikolaidis 등의 연구결과와 비교 검토하여 본 결과 비교적 잘 일치하고 있음을 미루어 보아 본 해석방법이 타당성이 확인되었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 한 차량운반선에서 발생했던 진동문제와 그 해결과정에 대하여 연구하였다. 선박의 거주구를 포함한 선미부 전체가 프로펠러의 날개주파수와 공진하는 매우 규모가 큰 진동문제였다. 일반적으로 차량운반선은 구조적 특성때문에 진동에 취약한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 선박은 일반차량운반선과는 달리 트레일러, 특수차량 및 비정형 대형화물을 위한 선박이기 때문에 거주구 하부 및 화물창 내부에 횡격벽과 기둥이 전혀 없는 구조적 특징을 갖고있다. 이외에 과도진동의 원인이라고 생각되는 여러가지 구조적인 문제점을 살펴보았고 향후의 방진설계를 위한 개선대책을 검토하였다. 실선계측을 통한 진동양상의 파악과 유한요소해석을 통해 예측된 여러 보강안들의 효과를 비교 검토한 후에 비교적 적은 보강재를 사용하여 진동레벨을 50-80% 감소시킨 성과를 얻었다. 아울러 강제진동응답, 구조보강의 효과 그리고 화물적재에 따른 진동특성의 변화에 대해 실선계측치와 유한 요소해석의 결과를 비교 검토하였다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2019

Objective : To investigate the effect of sihogayonggolmoryeotang (SY) on Single Prolonged Stress(SPS)-induced Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD). Method : To confirm the effects of SY on SPS-induced PTSD, Changes in body weight, sucrose intake open field test(OFT) and forced swimming test(FST)were observed. After behavioral tests, the plasma corticosterone(CORT) from the abdominal aorta, serotonin(5-HT) from prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum, norepinephrine(NE) and dopamine(DA) from hippocampus was measured by ELISA. mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) in hippocampus was measured by RT-PCR. Result : Weight change and sucrose intakes of rats in 14th day after the administration of SY were significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group compared to the SPS group (p<0.05). Numbers of crossing in the central zone in the OFT were significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group (p<0.05) compared with the SPS group. The immobility time of FST was significantly decreased in SPS + SY450 group compared with SPS group (p<0.05). The change of plasma CORT concentration was significantly decreased in SPS + SY450 group compared with that in SPS group (p<0.05). The change of 5-HT concentration was significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group at hippocampus and amygdala compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). The concentration of DA was significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). The expression of BDNF and CREB were significantly increased in SPS + SY450 group compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). Conclusion : SY administration lowered the increase of CORT caused by PTSD and increases the 5-HT concentration and reversed the decreased expression of NE and DA and BDNF and CREB by PTSD. It is postulated that SY is effective in treating PTSD by restoring cognitive function, memory impairment, unstable emotional disturbances.