• Language and Information
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.97-111
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• 1999

This paper examines Case alternation within DP. Four previous accounts dealing with Case alternation within DP will be critically examined. We conclude that a phenomenon looking like Case alternation within Korean DPs is not an instance of Case alternation. We argue that the genitive subject within such DPs is actually in the Spec position of a Small Clause, which involves a verb movement into what is now called vP. From a cross-linguistic point of view, this analysis supports Harley & Noyer's(1997) argument that Gerunds are instances of Small Clauses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 1999

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of a regenerative combustor has performed. High-temperature air combustion in the regenerative combustor is obtained through heat recovery from exhaust gas flow by porous ceramic materials and through alternation of air flow direction through the combustor. Temperature field, CO and NOx emission with respect to the frequency of alternation are measured. It is found that at initial stage of the alternation, temperature of inlet section of main combustion chamber is increased sharply since both high temperature air preheated by the ceramics and prompt fuel injection results in rapid combustion. Following this initial stage, combustion temperature is reduced as the preheated air temperature is reduced. However peak temperature in the chamber and exhaust gas temperature are decreased as the alternation period is reduced, increased temperature of ceramic is observed. CO and NOx emission with respect to the alternation period is also examined. It is found that there exists a range of optimum alternating period for CO and NOx emission characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of opioid receptor agonists on the spontaneous alternation behaviour in an animal model of obsessivecompulsive disorder in rats. According to the theory that dopamine is related to the biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effect of the nalbuphine(opioid kappa agonist) and the tramadol(opioid mu agonist), which act as manipulating agents on the inhibition or stimulation of dopamine release, in the spontaneous alternation behaviour were evaluated. 24 hours prior to the experiment, rats were food-deprived. These rats were put into the T-maze, in which white and black goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose the one of the goal boxes for each time. After identifying the stable baseline of spontaneous alternation behaviour, nonselective 5-HT agonist 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) disrupted spontaneous alternation. Rats were stratified into fluoxetine(10mg/kg/IP), nalbuphine(10mg/kg/IP), tramadol(46.4mg/kg/IP), and saline(0.5cc/IP) injection group with experimental drug treatment for 21 days. The effects on the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced disruption of spontaneous alternation behaviour were checked at the next day of discontinuation of drug treatment. The results were as follows ; 1) At the day after 21 days of the drug treatment, the nalbuphine treated group and the fluoxetine treated group showed significant difference from the tramadol treated group and the saline treated group in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 2) Within each drug treatment group, the fluoxetine treated group showed significant difference between before and after the treatment of fluoxetine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. And also, the nalbuphine treated group showed significant difference between before and after the treatment of nalbuphine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. There was no difference between the baseline and after the treatment of nalbuphine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. We indentified that the opioid kappa agonist that act as dopamine release inhibitor affect the spontaneous alternation behaviour which is an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rat.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.234-240
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• 2016

The Y-maze is widely used to test working memory in behavioral science. For this purpose, spontaneous alternation behavior is monitored, and an increased percentage of spontaneous alternation is regarded as enhanced working memory. However, in some cases, the percentage of spontaneous alternation does not accurately reflect the extent of working memory in rodents. To complement the short-comings of this measure, we developed a new method to evaluate working memory on the Y-maze. This is done by defining all spontaneous alternation cases and P_i, the probability that the rodent achieved spontaneous alternation from each alternation case. After all P_i-values acquired in each animal are summarized, the result is considered as entropy. To validate the new analytical method, mice were raised under either control or an enriched environmental condition for 10 weeks, and working memory behavior on the Y-maze was monitored. The results showed that the new analytical method successfully reproduced significance. In addition, the new method turned out to be more accurate than measurement of the percentage of spontaneous alternation, meaning that, to get higher entropy, alternation should be recorded in all arms and directions. Together, these data indicate that the new analytical method is a useful supplement to the method that compares the percentage of spontaneous alternation, and thus is a good tool with which to evaluate working memory in rodents.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2014

Cadastre is a set of activity registering diverse land information in national scope land management works. A nation examine land information and register it in a cadastral book, and must update data when necessary to properly maintain the information. Currently, local governments execute work about parcels of land alternation by manual work based on KLIS road map. Therefore, it takes too much time-consuming and makes problem as missing lots of parcels of land alternation. This study suggests the method selecting the parcels of land alteration for Jinan-Gun of Jeollabuk-Do using the GIS spatial overlay and the following results are as belows. Firstly, the manual work on the parcels of land alteration was greatly improved through automatically extracting the number and area of parcels according to the land classification and ownership by GIS spatial overlay based on serial cadastral maps and KLIS road lines. Secondly, existing work based on KLIS road lines could be advanced by analyzing the parcels of land alternation using the actual-width of the road from new address system to consider all road area for study site. Lastly, this study can supply efficient information in determining the parcels of land alternation consistant with road condition of local governments by analyzing the number and area of parcels according to the land classification and ownership within various roadsides ranging from 3m, 5m, and 10m by GIS buffering method.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.1-32
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• 2017

This paper discusses the structural and meaning features of causative from/for V-ing constructions as complement and provides insight on their grammatical characteristics revealed from alternation between prepositions for and from in nonfinite V-ing complement clause constructions. Guided by empirical data, this paper demonstrates that there are three types of syntactic patterns classified by the main verbs in these constructions and that these three syntactic types are closely linked with the meaning. These classifications are supported by the passivizations and aspect. In addition, this paper suggests that the function of for and from followed by nonfinite V-ing clause should be treated as a preposition introducing nonfinite V-ing clauses.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.16-27
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• 2015

The parcels of land alteration by existing manual work was very inefficient in terms of time and costs. Especially it caused many difficulty in estimating compensation since the work didn't take into account the range of adjoining zone to road. This study selected Gimje City of Jeollabuk-Do as a study site and could analyze the numbers and areas of parcels of land alteration considering the range of adjoining zone to road based on cadastral maps and wide road layers from new address system. Also this study applied a fuzzy membership function according to occupation ratio to road, and analyzed compensation by the range of adjoining zone to road using individual public land price information of the parcels for land alternation. Especially, the change aspect of public and private parcels could be investigated by the range of adjoining zone to road according to the fuzzy membership function. And this study could provide very efficient data in determining the priority of the parcels for land alternation through calculating compensation of the parcels for land alternation by Eup Myeong Dong according to the range of adjoining zone to road.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1995

Pasture composed of about 30% botanical composition of white clover (Trijolium repem L.) is desirable in its productivity and quality. To get information on maintaining its productivity in the pasture, the experiment was canied out to determine the effect of infrequent, frequent defoliation or their alternation on change of its harvest yield and growth. Individual plants of Regal, Louisiana S-1, Grasslands Huia and Aberystwyth S184 were grown in 22cm plastic pot containing a 2 : 1 : 1 soil : sand : Peat moss mixture for 27 days after transplanting 50day seedlings raised on 3cm pots, and then all their fully expanded leaves are removed. Defoliation treatments were forced every 1 (CC, frequent), 4 week (RR, infrequent) or their alternations (CR, RC) after 8 weeks from the removal. To analyze the treatment effects, plants were sampled on 0 (the removal day), 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the removal and seperated to leaves, petioles, stolons and roots. Each harvest yield of infrequent defoliation (RR) was higher than that of frequent defoliation (CC). Their alternations (RC, CR), however, forced fluctuation of the yield according to defoliation interval. Fraction weights from their altemations showed intermediate ones of infrequent and Frequent defoliation whose weights did the similar result to their harvest yields. Fraction and total dry weights per plant, shoot/root ratio were changed by relative span of defoliation interval, which resulted from the weights of leaves and petioles, removed parts. Root and total dry weight per plant of Regal were greater than the other cultivm in infrequent defoliation interval regardless of continuous or alternations. Productivity of white clover in pasture, therefore, can be controlled by alternation of infrequent and frequent defoliation or reverse.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

Korean passive verbs are derived from their corresponding active verbs by suffixation or by adding endings and auxiliaries to their stems. Therefore. we assume p passive verbs share some lexical informations with their active counterparts. This paper extending the Generative Lexicon theory of Pustejovsky (995). aims to characterize the argument realization patterns of Korean passive verbs focusing on the case alternation a and to propose their lexical semantic structures which account for the syntactic behavior.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

A Case Report of Communication disorder associated with Post-stroke Objectives : The Objective Is the Report of Improvement in Communication Disorder Associated with Post-Stroke. Methods : Acupuncture And Medicinal Treatments Were Performed from 17th March 2006 until 8th April 2006. The Medicines Bangpungtongsung-san and Chungpesagan-tang Were Used to Improve Patient Bowel Movement. The Sa-Am Acupuncture Method Was Used to Improve Patient Communication Disorders. Every 5 Days Articulation Accuracy, Vowel Accuracy, Alternation and Speed of Reading Sentences Were Evaluated. Results : After 23 Days of Treatment There was Improvement of Articulation Accuracy, Alternation and Speed of Reading Sentences.