• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine antibody titers to structural protein (SP) of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus after vaccination in animals of the Seoul zoo. After the initial inoculation of FMD vaccine to the susceptible animals of the zoo, a total of 235 blood samples were collected from 42 species of zoo animals during treatment or necropsy. All samples were tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall positive rate of SP antibodies against FMD virus was 94.0% (221/235). However, the positive rates varied according to animal species. The results of positive rates in 30 species were 100% but in 12 species were 50-94.7%. We showed that most animals that have received FMD vaccine in Seoul zoo have been reached to the level of herd immunity against FMD virus after the vaccination. To the best of our knowledge, this study would be the first report for monitoring the vaccine-induced SP antibody titers against FMD virus after vaccination in various zoo animal species in Korea.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

There have been a total tenth FMD outbreaks in Korea and for the first time, type O and A were detected simultaneously in 2017, which led to difficulties in FMD control. For the effective prevention of FMD, the importance of discrimination of serotypes became greater. Therefore, the most urgent requirement in case of FMD outbreak is differential diagnosis of serotypes. In this study, we developed a PNA probe-mediated multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay using the peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe, which is known to be stable to nucleotide mutation and that could specifically detect the all FMDV serotype A, FMDVA Yeoncheon strain which was occurred in Korea in 2017, and FMDV A viruses shown 96% similarity with FMDVA/Yeoncheon strain, at the same time. Therefore, It is believed that the newly introduced FMDVA will be effectively diagnosed using the PNA probe multiplex RT-PCR developed in this study, and ultimately contribute to the prevention of FMD.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2003

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) belongs to the aphthovirus genus within the picornavirus which has a single copy of a positive sense RNA. The translation initiation process of FMDV occurs by a cap-independent mechanism directed by a highly structured element (∼435 nt) termed an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We have designed and prepared FMDV 4-2 RNA (28nt) by in vitro transcription. The 2D NMR data revealed that FMDV 4-2 IRES domain RNA has a flexible loop and bulge conformation. In further study, we need to make an isotope labeled RNA sample and conduct 3D NMR experiments to completely determine the 3D structure. This study may establish a new drug design strategy to treat foot-and mouth disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2015

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic loss and devastating effect on international trade of animal or animal products. Since FMD outbreaks have recently occurred in some Asian countries, it is important to understand the relationship between diverse immunogenomic structures of host animals and the immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We performed genome wide association study based on high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for identifying FMD resistant loci in Holstein cattle. Among 624532 SNP after quality control, we found that 11 SNPs on 3 chromosomes (chr17, 22, and 15) were significantly associated with the trait at the p.adjust <0.05 after PERMORY test. Most significantly associated SNPs were located on chromosome 17, around the genes Myosin XVIIIB and Seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like, which were associated with lung cancer. Based on the known function of the genes nearby the significant SNPs, the FMD resistant animals might have ability to improve their innate immune response to FMDV infection.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2015

Three serotypes (O, A and Asia1) of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine were injected into domestic cloven-hoofed animals in korea after the nationwide spread at the end of 2010. The purpose of this study was survey of FMD virus stuructural protein (SP) antibody titer in Yeongcheon by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total 1,324 samples collected from 89 farms were tested. The overall seroprevalence of FMD virus SP antibodies was 58.8% (778/1,324) The seroprevalence of FMD virus SP antibody varied with species. Results in cattle (over 12 month old) and pig (90 to 130 day old) were 58.8% and 44.9% respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.788-797
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• 2018

In many countries, vaccines are used for the prevention of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, because there is no protection against FMD immediately after vaccination, research and development on antiviral agents is being conducted to induce protection until immunological competence is produced. This study tested whether well-known chemicals used as RNA virus treatment agents had inhibitory effects on FMD viruses (FMDVs) and demonstrated that ribavirin showed antiviral effects against FMDV in vitro/in vivo. In addition, it was observed that combining the administration of the antiviral agents orally and complementary therapy with vaccines synergistically enhanced antiviral activity and preserved the survival rate and body weight in the experimental animals. Antiviral agents mixed with an adjuvant were inoculated intramuscularly along with the vaccines, thereby inhibiting virus replication after injection and verifying that it was possible to induce early protection against viral infection prior to immunity being achieved through the vaccine. Finally, pigs treated with antiviral agents and vaccines showed no clinical signs and had low virus excretion. Based on these results, it is expected that this combined approach could be a therapeutic and preventive treatment for early protection against FMD.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5063-5070
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• 2011

구제역은 소 돼지, 양, 염소 및 사슴 등의 발굽이 두 개인 가축 또는 야생 동물에서 발생하는 질병이다. 본 연구는 구제역에 대한 지식, 인식과 생활 습관을 경기도 총 5개 지역 초등학생 398명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 구제역이 무엇인지 들어보았는지 조사한 결과 구제역 교육을 받은 그룹은 49명 92.5%가 '있다'고 하였으며, 구제역 교육 받지 않은 그룹은 139명 68.5%가 '있다'고 하였다. '구제역 바이러스는 섭씨 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 파괴되기 때문에 조리시 모두 바이러스 균이 모두 죽는다'고 지식을 조사한 결과 구제역 교육 받은 그룹은 26명 49.1%, 구제역 교육을 받지 않은 그룹은 82명 40.4%만 올바르게 알고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구제역과 같은 질병에 대한 교육은 언제하는 것이 좋다고 생각하는지 조사한 결과 두 그룹 모두 초등학교 시기라고 응답하였다. 구제역은 다국가간에 수차례 감염 발생이 일어나고 있는 질병으로 우리나라도 안전하지 못한 상재지역이다. 이에 국민들이 올바른 인식과 지식으로 대비해야 할 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.43-45
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• 2019

To establish appropriate conditions for a disinfectant efficacy test at subzero temperatures, this study examined mixtures of frozen foot-and-mouth disease virus or avian influenza virus solutions and disinfectant diluents at $-5^{\circ}C$ and monitored temperature and freezing status of an anti-freezing diluent (AFD, 15% ethanol + 30% propylene glycol + 55% distilled water) over time at various subzero temperatures. Viral solutions and disinfectant diluents froze before the mixtures reached $-5^{\circ}C$, whereas the AFD was not frozen at $-30^{\circ}C$. The times taken for the AFD to reach -10, -20, -30, and $-40^{\circ}C$ from room temperature were 36, 39, 45, and 48 min, respectively.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2011

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals including domesticated ruminants and pigs. Acute clinical signs may be mild in sheep and goats but are associated with lameness in pigs and mouth lesions with vesicles in cattle. The required condition for a successful pathogen appears to be the ability to counteract both the host innate and adaptive immune response. FMD virus (FMDV) inhibits the induction of antiviral molecules and interferes with the secretory pathway in the infected cell. The surface expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules is reduced in infected cells. Thus, the ability of the host to recognize and eliminate virus infected cells is decreased. Furthermore, FMDV infection results in a rapid, but transient lymphopenia, reducing the number of T and B cells, and affecting T cell function. The virus appears to premature apoptosis-mediated cell death because it has a very short replication cycle and is able to rapidly produce large amounts of virus. FMDV engages the host protective response at multiple steps to ensure its effective replication and pathogenesis. This review describes the recent pathological and immunological studies to overcome the powerful abilities of FMDV to counteract defense mechanism of host.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2009

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus exists in seven serotypes and is known to be a highly contagious disease that is hard to eradicate from the world. The O, A, Asia1 and SAT2 serotypes commonly infected cattle, sheep and goats during 2007~2009 throughout the world. In particular, the outbreak of the Asia1 serotype in China appeared in all areas from 2005 and is still present. Surprisingly, in 2009, Taiwan reported the first outbreak of the type O serotype since 2001. Then type A appeared in China for the first time since the early 1960s. The virus shows a close relationship to the viruses from Southeast Asia suggesting one or more recent introductions into China in the OIE reports. Recently the subtype of A/Iran05 spread to nearby countries exhibiting genomic evolution. The use of molecular epidemiology is an important tool in understanding and consequently controlling the FMD virus. The phylogenetic analysis with VP1 gene was especially useful for molecular epidemiological studies and showed the same pattern which matches with serotype classification. This paper describes basic information about the disease, and the serotype-specific characteristics and evolution to perform molecular epidemiological analysis. Furthermore, we show the importance of the genetic evolution on the FMD serotypes in global surveillance and molecular epidemiology of FMD for outbreak investigation.