• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.667-672
• /
• 2003

조리수율과 지방 보유율 및 보수력은 hydrocolloid 첨가구에 비하여 대조구가 가장 낮았으며 hydrocolloid는 식품의 증점성, 유화 안정성, gel형성, 피막형성 등의 기능을 가지고 있어서 가열중의 드립의 양을 감소시키고, 지방과 결합하여 지방보유율을 높일 수 있었다. pH는 조리전보다 조리후에 높아지는 경향을 나타냈고, 재가열시에는 조리후보다 같거나 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며 hydrocolloid 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 모든 실험군을 8일간 저장하는 동안 총균수는 큰 증가를 보이지 않았으며 황색포도상구균과 대장균 또한 검출되지 않아 저장기간동안 비교적 신선한 상태를 유지하고 있었다고 볼 수 있었다. 재가열한 대조구의 경도, 뭉침성, 부서짐성 등은 hydrocolloid를 첨가한 완자보다 높은 경향을 나타냈는데, 이는 hydrocolloid의 보수력과 유화안정성 때문이라고 할 수 있으며 결국 지방을 줄이면서 hydrocolloid와 두부를 첨가한 완자가 지방을 20% 첨가한 완자보다 조직적 특성이 비슷하거나 우수하여 지방 대체제로서의 hydrocolloid와 두부의 이용 가능성을 제시하였다. 대조구에 비하여 hydrocolloid를 첨가한 완자가 전반적인 관능수용도 역시 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 시료간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 제조 후의 다즙성, 조직감, 종합적인 품질은 xanthan gum 첨가구가 가장 좋았으며, 재가열한 제품에서는 sodium alginate 첨가구가 가장 좋았다. 이처럼 조직적인 특성과 함께 관능적인 면에서도 hydrocolloid첨가 완자가 대조구에 비해 좋은 결과를 나타낸 것은 저지방 기능성 육제품의 제조에 있어서 hydrocolloid첨가가 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.331-340
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to improve college food service satisfaction with sanitary, environment and service by comparing 2 contract-managed and 2 self-operated college food services in Daejeon and Chungnam area. According to the results, sanitation and environment satisfaction degrees of contract-managed college food services were higher than those of self-operated food services. The satisfaction degrees with service were also higher in contract-managed food services than self-operated food services except the category of quick food delivery. In all categories comprising the food service satisfaction, the satisfaction degrees were lower in female students than in male students. There were more negative self-perceived clinical symptoms in female students than male students. The higher the negative self-perceived clinical symptoms scores were, the lower the satisfaction degrees with food service were, which suggests that かe health state of students was one of the factors that influenced college food service satisfaction. There was no difference between contract-managed and self-operated food services in terms of satisfaction with overall food taste and overall satisfaction degree. The average satisfaction degree for the contractmanaged food services in terms of price relative to food quality was lower than that for self-operated food services. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, 'overall food taste', 'price relative to quality', 'kindness of employees', 'coping with proposed opinions' and 'quicknless of food delivery' in decreasing order, were the most relatively important attributes for overall satisfaction. There should be further studies on important management factors to improve satisfaction with sanitary, environment and service by self-operated college food service.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2008

An IPA model was used to evaluate customer service encounters at a large food court; also the gaps between importance and performance from were also evaluated from both perspectives. The findings of this study will be applied in order to improve service quality at various large food service operations. A total of 298 customers from a large shopping mall food court completed the study questionnaire, asking them to evaluate the important and performance attributes of service. Seven underlying dimensions were identified and labeled by factor analysis: factor 1 was "safety": factor 2 "time": factor 3 "atmosphere": factor 4 "quality of food": factor 5 "menu attributes": factor 6 "comfort": and the last and seventh factor was "comprehension". As a result of IPA analysis the overall mean scores between the importance attributes and performance attributes showed significant differences by independent t-tests(p<0.001). Quadrant I was classified with unnecessary items including interior design, proper lighting, suitable chairs, and proper room temperature. In quadrant II thirteen variables showed high scores for both importance and performance, such as various menu choices, hygienic food, dishes, chairs, food court, kitchen, and employees; proper ventilation, employee kindness, waiting time to order, and received food; automatic system for ordering-serving. Quadrant III included eight variables identified as low priority, including appearance of food, nutrient content of food, proper portions, new menu, proper music, proper location of cashier, services for children and efficiency of movement. In quadrant IV six variables were included as areas to focus management's efforts, such as food taste, proper food temperature, use of safe food materials, maintenance of food quality, existence of preferred foods, and proper food prices. These results suggest that food court customers have interests that are distinct from restaurant customers and may need to be treated differently. It is anticipated that this data will be useful to the foodservice industry in order to segment customer characteristics by different dinning behaviors.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.222-233
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was the improvement and modification of the HACCP verification checklist in school foodservices. For this, the HACCP verification checklist was modified on the basis of an existing school foodservice format. The modified checklist was composed of 28 items, including CCPs (critical control points), microbial test, and other components of the HACCP system than CCPs. To confirm the suitability of the modified checklist, comparisons were made based on the microbiological quality of cooked foods, utensils, and number of aerial microbes in the working area. In this study, the applicability of the modified checklist was determined by focusing on cooked squid with seasoned fresh vegetables (Ojingeochaesomoochim). The following results were obtained from 14 schools in Changwon. The checklist scores for maintaining hot foods over $60^{\circ}C$ or serving within 2 hours, microbial tests of drinking water, food contact surfaces and cooking utensils, monitoring tools, and usage of suitable sanitizers were 2 points each (The possible highest score is 2 points). On the contrary, the checklist score for microbial test of cooked foods was the lowest of all the items. The correlation coefficient (r) between the improved checklist and microbiological quality of cooked foods was 0.699 (P<0.01), whereas that between the improved checklist and microbiological quality of cooking utensils was 0.612 (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between the improved checklist and aerial plate count in the working area was -0.556 (P<0.05). Our results indicate the potential possibility of using the HACCP verification checklist in school foodservices.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.248-265
• /
• 2012

A total of 262 dietitians (in 97 college foodservices nationwide, 86 elementary school foodservices, and 79 middle & high school foodservices in the Changwon area) were given a survey questionnaire composed of 18 GMP and 29 SSOP items from May to July, 2011. As a whole, total usage level of GMP facilities (3.65/5 points) and total management level of SSOP (3.86) in college foodservices showed no significant differences compared to those in elementary school foodservices (GMP 3.74, SSOP 4.02) and middle & high school foodservices (GMP 3.75, SSOP 3.95). However, the results of this study suggest that seven items of the GMP facilities and five items of the SSOP should be improved for the development of the HACCP facility model in college foodservices. Those items that showed considerably lower points in GMP were as follows: 'Drain pipes from sinks of the cooking area are connected directly to the drain (3.74)' (P<0.001), 'The grease trap is installed outside the cooking area equipped with an oil separator (3.24)' (P<0.01), 'Entrance and the cooking area are adequately equipped with hand-washing and shoe disinfecting facilities (3.61)' (P<0.001), 'Cooking area, food storage, and dining area are adequately equipped with insect and rodent repellents (3.72)' (P<0.001), 'Cooking areas are equipped with air-conditioning/heating system and ventilation facility for maintenance of temperature and humidity (3.35)' (P<0.05), and 'Toilets for cooking staff only are provided; the its doorways are not directly accessible from the cooking area (3.25)' (P<0.01).

• 한국조리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국조리학회 2006년도 제41차 정기하계학술세미나
• /
• pp.21-44
• /
• 2006

Measuring and evaluating the business performance plays a very important role in managing business. It is because business performance, in any types of industry, can be evaluated and managed properly only when the measurement of its performance is estimated, and because its performance can be improved through an efficient and effective management. Therefore it is essential to build up the performance evaluation system to raise management efficiency of the foodservice industry, to reinforce competitive power of the food service industry. This study tried to propose a novel point of prospective and method in which the performance evaluation in any family restaurant should be illuminated and be performed. In this study, BSC provided the main conceptional framework for evaluating the performance of a family restaurant, and evaluation items of BSC four prospectives - financial, customers, internal business process, and learning and growth-were adjusted so as to be fitted into the business field. Furthermore, this study verified the validity of the proposed performance evaluation method through specific case analyses and used AHP to quantify its validity objectively. Finally, this study found the fact that non-financial prospectives, compared to financial prospectives, should be more importantly considered as the performance evaluation index of the family restaurants. Especially, the study showed that the proportion of performance evaluation indexes related to Customers prospective and Learning and Growth prospective revealed very highly, therefore variables such as customer satisfaction index, per employee productivity, education and training, customer response rate, employee satisfaction index should be emphasized as key factors at the process of selecting indexes and measuring their performance evaluation of the food service industry.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.191-208
• /
• 2010

호텔 기업은 경영 방법 및 판매 이익을 향상시키기 위해서는 서비스를 개선해야만 달성할 수 있으며, 호텔 및 외식업 시장의 관리 시스템에 대한 부족한 것들과 비교되는 부분들이 많은 실정이다. 그 분석 결과에 대한 내용은 다음과 같습니다. 자유스럽고 열린 호텔 기업 문화는 외부 환경 변화에 유연하고 탄력적으로 대처하며 좋은 기업 문화는 직원, 고객, 원가, 재고 관리에 효율적인 결과를 창출한다. 호텔 레스토랑 성향은 효과적인 서비스 질, 경영 관리에 중점을 두고 호텔 경영 방식은 다른 서비스 질과 품질 및 조직성과 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 추후에 호텔 경영 방식에 따라 경쟁 우위 확보를 강화해야 기업이 살아남는 방법 중의 하나이다. 호텔 기업에 대한 다양한 연구가 계속되고 결과가 호텔 경영진이나 종사자들에게 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.323-335
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of nutrition education programs for multicultural families and to provide policy suggestions for improvement. Methods: In-depth interviews of a total of 21 multicultural experts were conducted; 15 people were interviewed individually, while 6 people were interviewed in groups of three. Results: In-depth interviews revealed various problems related to the operation of nutrition education programs. The causes of problems were analyzed and categorized as four factors: systemic, practical, environmental and cultural. As for the systematic factors, insufficient linkage between related organizations and duplicate performance of several projects were identified as concerns Establishment of a control tower and strengthening the linkage among the related organizations may be needed to address this concern. With regard to practical factors, the study identified that language barriers, and lack of nutritional education media and tools translated into multicultural languages were limiting factors. These limitations the development of nutrition education materials that aretranslated into multiple languages, implementation of education programs that are different from the Korean education, and by providing interpreters. As for the environmental factors, low educational level and poor nutritional knowledge of multicultural women made it difficult for them to understand the contents of the education. Demonstration, practical training and urgent education on pregnancy and childbirth nutrition were identified as needs to address these concerns. Withregard to cultural factors, food culture conflict with Korean families, and difficulties in home practices were detected as concerns. Participants in the study suggested that getting education with family and facilitation of weekend and nighttime programs health of this community. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to adopt more effective and efficient nutrition intervention to promote the healthy eating of the married immigrant women based on the study results.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the causes of bakery employees quitting their jobs at hotels in order to make more efficient use of human resources by increasing personnel management efficiency and reducing the turnover rate, The subjects in this study were employees working for bakeries at top-ranked hotels, and the responses from 266 respondents were selected for analysis. The survey was conducted from July 1 through 20, 2003. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis were performed for data handling. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, concerning salaries, their turnover intention was influenced by whether they were properly paid or gained a sufficient living. Second, as for environmental factors, their turnover intention was affected by performance appraisal and interpersonal trust with colleagues. Third, regarding job-related factors, their turnover intention was impacted by the clarity of their job definition, their degree of job satisfaction and the suitability of their posts. Fourth, the change of job was influenced by the desire for a job in another region, in another company and of another kind. To successfully manage employee turnover at hotel bakeries, employees should be properly paid, and different performance appraisal standards, including a multilateral evaluation system, should be applied according to the nature of the department. furthermore, there should be a clear distinction between sales and other works, and they should be carefully treated to increase job satisfaction.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.429-440
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Standardized guidelines and reference points for a food security policy are necessary to guarantee that basic social safety nets work properly. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the basic concepts and detailed dimensions of food security, including the potential relevant indicators, and sought to establish standardized well-being baselines. Methods: A literature review and 14 expert roundtable discussions were carried out to analyze and extract the key concepts of food security. After determining these concepts and detailed dimensions of food security, a conceptual framework was modeled. Then, indicators for each local government that could be monitored and evaluated for each sub-area were suggested. Results: The concept of food security was defined as follows: Individuals should be provided with sufficient, safe, and quality food, which should be accessible to the community and available for use to achieve health and well-being. In addition, food security should be ensured sustainably in a changing environment. Four dimensions were suggested while conceptualizing food security. First, sufficient food, which means sufficient food supply in quantity, quality, and safety. Second, equitable food which includes creating environments in which high-quality and safe food can be purchased at an appropriate price and can be provided regardless of the socioeconomic gap. Third, healthy food which should be provided to promote people's health and happiness through the eco-friendly consumption of food. Fourth, sustainable food, which can be supplied in a sustainable manner and as part of an eco-friendly food system that considers the conservation of natural environments. Conclusions: The basic concepts and detailed areas of food security including the potential indicators proposed in this study, may be useful for developing and implementing various policies and programs to support food and nutrition security in the future.