• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1098-1106
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• 2004

In a split-unit design, 12 Javan rusa (Cervus timorensis russa) stags (6 castrated and 6 entire) were used to investigate seasonal (winter, spring and summer) effects on intake, digestibility of food constituents, volatile fatty acid profile, and nitrogen retention, when given lucerne (Medicago sativa) or rhodes grass (Chloris guyana) hays. Entire stags ate 9% more dry matter (DM) than castrates (p<0.05). Both castrated and entire stags exhibited seasonal changes in DM intake, these being higher (p<0.05) in winter (62.3 g/kg $W^{0.75}$) than spring (56.9 g/kg $W^{0.75}$) or summer (55.3 g/kg $W^{0.75}$). Intakes of lucerne hay (211 g protein/kg DM) were significantly higher than of rhodes grass hay (49 g protein/kg DM) in all seasons (p<0.05). Digestibilities of DM (0.58), neutral detergent fibre (0.59) and acid detergent fibre (0.47) were similar between castrates and entires. DM digestibility was higher (p<0.0001) for lucerne (0.66) than rhodes grass (0.55), and was higher (p<0.05) in winter (0.60) than spring (0.58) or summer (0.57). The ruminal acetate concentrations were higher (p<0.001) in spring than summer (78 and 73 molar % respectively). Apparent digestibility of protein was significantly less (p<0.0001) for rhodes grass (0.37) than lucerne (0.75). N retention was positive for lucerne (15.2 g/d) but negative for rhodes grass (-2.8 g/d) (p<0.0001), and was higher (p<0.001) in summer (12.0 g/d) than spring (4.3 g/d) or winter (2.4 g/d). The tropical rusa deer exhibits seasonal variations in feed intake, food constituent digestibilities, VFA profile and N retention. Castration did not alter these traits. The results do not support the view that rusa deer can thrive on low-quality pastures. The productivity and commercial exploitation of rusa deer could be optimised if they are given high-protein feed during spring and summer.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.749-754
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• 1989

탱자(Poncirus trifoliata)의 향기성분을 분석하기 위해 gas co-distillation 방법으로 정유를 추출한 후 GC/retention index(RI)와 GC/MS를 이용해 multi-dimensional analysis를 행하였다. Gas co-distillation 방법으로 탱자의 향도 그대로 지니며 기기분석에 적합한 정유를 얻을 수 있었다. 향기성분의 확인작업에는 GC/RI와 GC/MS를 상보적으로 사용한 multi-dimensional analysis가 효과적이었으며 GC/RI로만 확인할 경우 극성이 다른 두 가지 column을 사용해서 신뢰도를 높일 수 있었다. 탱자에 다량 함유되어 있는 향기성분들은 limonene, myrcene, ${\beta}-caryophllene,\;trans-{\beta}-ocimene,\;{\beta}-pinene$, 3-thujene, 7-geranyloxycoumarin 등으로 밝혀졌으며 확인된 30개의 성분 중 cis-3-hexenyl acetate, n-hexyl acetate, 2-methyl acetophenone, elixene 그리고 elemicine 등은 이제까지 감귤류에서는 발견되지 않았던 새로운 성분들이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.162-178
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• 1992

This study evaluated the effectiveness of affected-based program in changing the nutrition attitudes and behavior of a group of low-income housewives in a urban area near industrial complex. using pre- post- and one month retention test measures of nutrition attitudes knowledge and nutrition behavior. The sample consisted of treatment group(n=58) and control group(n=68, 66 or 61) The treatment group participated in a four-week nutrition course of eight hours offered by faculty members of department of Food and Nutition in Han Nam University. At the conclusion of the program the respondents had improved nutrition attitudes increa-sed nutrition knowledge and improved dietary diversity and dietary quality scores. Nutrition attitude scores rose significnatly from the pretest to post-test for the treatment group only However this improvement was not maintained one month after education. Nutrition know-ledge score of the treatment group increased significnatly from the pretest to posttest and pretest to retention test. Nutrition behavior was measured by food practice dietary diversity and dietary quality scores, The mean food practice score dietary diversity and dietary quality scores were signifi-cantly increased from pretest to posttest for the treatment group. Only dietary diversity scores was maintained from posttest for the retention test for the treatment group. There was a good correlation between nutrition knowlege and attitude scores at the pretest. However no significant corrlation was found between nutrition knowledge and attitude scores at the posttest. At the pretest nutrition knowledge or attitude and behavior were not correlated bu there were significant correations between nutrition knowledge or attitude and behavior at the posttest. It was concluded that a four-week nutrition education program of eight hours duration for the target people can lead to ac hange in dietary behaviors as well as nutrition knowledge and attitude.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 1995

The effect of time and amount of water by conventional blanching method on the retention minerals in spinach and broccoli was investigated. The vegetables were blanched for 1, 2, 3 and 4 minutes, with 150 $m\ell$, 300 $m\ell$, 450 $m\ell$ of water for every 100 g of raw material. Blanching of spinach showed that Na was reduced remarkably after 2 minute of blanching, the others (K, Fe, Ca, Mg, P, Cu) were gradually decreased as the blanching time increased. Blanching of broccoli showed that the content of minerals were reduced remarkably after 1 minute of blanching. The longer blanching time further reduced the content of minerals. The retention of minerals (Na, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, P, Cu) in spinach and broccoli was reduced gradually as the blanching water increased. The retention rate of minerals were 12.7％ of Na, 37.4％ of K, 37.1％ of Fe, 43.9％ of Ca, 39.0％ of Mg, 53.5％ of P, 56.2％ of Cu in spinach and 21.0％ of Na, 41.3％ of K, 57.8％ of Fe, 38.8％ of Ca, 51.5％ of Mg, 57.7％ of P, 44.4％ of Cu in broccoli for 4 min, with water 450$m\ell$ every 100g of raw material.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 1996

본 연구는 조리 방법에 따른 시금치, 배추, 양배추의 무기질 손실에 대한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 채소를 데치기, 압력조리, 찌기, microwave 가열하여 각 조리방법에 따른 무기질 잔존율, 색도 및 관능적 특성 등의 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 시금치, 배추, 양배추 모두 찌기나 microwave 가열이 무기질 잔존율 면에서나 기호적 특성 면에서 양호하게 나타나, 채소 조리시 데치기 위주의 종래 방법 보다 찌기나 microwave 가열을 활용하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다. 또 긴 시간 데치거나 압력 조리의 경우 무기질 손실이 크고, 물러져 기호도가 떨어지므로 엽채류 조리시 이 방법은 적합하지 않은 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 1996

본 연구는 조리 방법에 따른 무우, 감자, 당근의 무기질 손실에 대한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 채소를 데치기, 압력 조리, 찌기, microwave 가열하여 각 조리방법에 따른 무기질 잔존율, 색도 및 관능적 특성 등에 대하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 무우의 경우는 microwave 가열이 무기질 잔존율이나 기호적 특성 면에서 양호하게 나타났고, 감자는 찌기나 압력 조리가 양호하게 나타났다. 당근의 경우는 조리법별로 무기질 잔존율이나 기호도의 차이가 크지 않았다. 엽채류와 달리 근채류의 경우는 압력 조리시에 무기질의 잔존율이 높아서 이의 이용이 바람직하다고 사료되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2005

A standard $1\%$ w/v solution of CM-chitosan made from squid pen was added to milk at levels of $0.5\sim3\%$ (v/v) to improve the yield and rheological properties of cottage cheese by whey protein retention. Cheese curd did not form at levels higher than $3\%$ (v/v) CM-chitosan standard solution. Yield and total protein of cottage cheese increased up to $2\%\;by\;11\;to\;42\%\;and\;17\;to\;38\%$ respectively, compared to control cheese. Whey protein losses were decreased by 11 to $42\%$ and thus accounted for all of the increase in yield. Anomalous results were obtained at the $0.8\%$ level, which neither improved yield or whey protein retention nor stabilized rheological parameters, and at the $0.5\%$ level, which improved yield and total protein without increasing whey protein retention. Elasticity and cohesiveness of CM-chitosan-containing cheese were generally improved and stabilized during storage. Monitoring of cheese chromaticity values for four weeks revealed a delay in the onset of yellowing in cheeses with CM-chitosan compared to the controls, while the concentration of added CM-chitosan had little influence on cheese chromaticity. The addition of CM-chitosan solution could be applied directly to industrial scale cottage cheese-making without the need for any modification of the production process.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to examine changes in the color and antioxidant compounds of paprika powder under various conditions, as well as to establish the suitable conditions for drying and storage. Paprika was dried using the following methods: freeze-drying, vacuum drying, far infrared-ray drying, and hot-air drying. Measurements of the moisture content, color pigments, and antioxidant compounds (total carotenoids, capsanthin, ascorbic acid, and total polyphenols) were completed during 120 days of storage at 4 and $30^{\circ}C$. We found that drying methods, storage temperatures, and packaging materials affected the American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) and Hunter color values, as well as the antioxidant content of paprika powder. There was a high correlation (r=0.87, p<0.01) between the ASTA color and the $a^*/b^*$ value. The loss of red color was closely related to the reduction of moisture content (r=0.81, p<0.01) during storage. Drying paprika with a low temperature in the absence of air resulted in better retention of the carotenoids and ascorbic acid. Also, as the retention of the carotenoids and ascorbic acid increased, the stability of the red pigment increased. Freeze-drying was found to be the most suitable drying method for the stability of the antioxidant compounds and red pigment.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2007

For the purpose of developing a functional yogurt, a new type of yogurt was prepared. To manufacture this new yogurt, 12% skim milk was added to the hot water extract of black soybeans. The yogurt was then evaluated for its acid production(pH and titratable acidity), number of viable cells, viscosity, quality-retention properties, and sensory properties. The titratable acidity of the yogurt with the added 5% black soybean hot-water extract was higher(2.07%) than that of the yogurt without the added extract(1.80%). The viscosity of the yogurt made by adding 5% black soybean hot-water extract was higher(5,040 cps) than that of the yogurt made with only skim milk(2,740 cps). Lactic acid bacteria propagation was stimulated by the addition of the 5% black soybean hot-water extract. When the yogurt prepared with the black soybean hot-water extract was kept at $7^{\circ}C$ for 14 days, its quality-retention was comparatively good. Finally the overall sensory score of the yogurt made with the added 5% black soybean hot-water extract was slightly lower than that of the yogurt made with only skim milk.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.522-527
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 3-MCPD의 함량을 신뢰할 수 있는 결과값의 도출을 위하여 HFBI 유도체화 방법을 이용하였다. 3-MCPD가 검출되지 않은 양조간장에 3-MCPD를 0.020과 $0.200{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 spiking하여 그 결과 값을 측정한 결과, 회수율이 95% 이상으로 우수하였으며 분석의 재현성 및 정밀성 또한 우수하였다. 아미노산 간장의 제조 조건 중 3-MCPD의 함량에 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정되는 조건 즉, 알칼리 처리시의 pH와 온도, 그리고 유지 시의 온도와 시간을 다양하게 하여 시료를 제조 한 후, 3-MCPD의 함량을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 알칼리 처리시의 pH와 온도가 높고, 유지 온도와 시간이 증가됨에 따라 3-MCPD의 함량이 감소되는 뚜렷한 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 알칼리 처리 온도와 유지 온도에 대한 영향보다는 알칼리 처리시의 pH가 3-MCPD의 함량에 미치는 영향이 더욱 큰 것으로 판명되었으며, 특히 pH 10.0 이상에서 알칼리 처리를 하였을 경우는 알칼리 처리 온도나 유지시간 및 유지온도 등의 다른 조건들에 상관없이 3-MCPD의 함량이 $0.020{\mu}g/g$ 이하로 현저히 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 일반적인 아미노산 간장의 제조 공정 조건에 변화를 줌으로써 실질적으로 생성되는 3-MCPD의 함량을 현저하게 낮출 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 아미노산 간장의 3-MCPD 저감화 방안을 강구하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.