• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1999

This paper studies regarding the problems of transmitting disease through food and its prevention in terms of current problematic food poisoning and the transfer of bacterial disease while providing lunch for school children. As the problems of school lunch program, the number of food poisoning and of the transfer of bacterial disease is highly increasing because of the shortcomings of systematic safety management toward food and of the lack of meal supplier's awareness about sanitation.For the prevention the following suggestions are provided:1. It is necessary to shift from the system of meal supply for nutrition to that of meal supply for health. 2. A system that offers a responsibility for nutrition to that of meal supply to a person in charge of hygienist, or a cook, including the a nutritionist, is needed. 3. It is necessary to gain the help from the department of sanitation in city or country for the sanitation guidance and inspection of school meal supply, not to totally rely on the local ministry of education. 4. A manager or employees related to school/group meal supply need to get education constantly on sanitation and public information. 5. For the long term, a systematic sanitary management needs to be accomplished by introducing HACCP system.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the educational status and needs of both parents and kindergarten teachers pertaining to the prevention of infectious diseaes in children. Methods : The participants were 280 parents and 147 kindergarten teachers. Data were collected from August 21, 2013 to December 30, 2014. Results : Only 16.7% of parents had educational experience with infectious diseases. The source of their education was broadcast media and their preferred educational method was the internet. Parents reported that the childhood infection about which they should be educated were influenza (30.4%) followed by hand-foot-and-mouth disease (13.9%), food poisoning (6.4%), and so on. About 27.2% of kindergarten teachers had received an education about infectious diseases, and the major source of their education was refresher training. The teachers' preferred educational method was the internet. The teachers wanted to be educated about influenza (22.4%), hand-foot-and-mouth disease (20.4%), food poisoning (20.4%) and so on. Conclusions : Educational programs should be developed and applied to children, parents and kindergarten teachers based on consideration of their educational needs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.97-100
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• 1992

천연보존료의 개발과 식중독 예방에 활용할 기초자료를 얻기 위하며 에탄올을 추출용매로 하여 자초로부터 항균성 물질의 최적 추출조건을 검토하고, 각종 식품부패미생물이나 식중독 원인세균에 대한 항균력을 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 항균성 물질은 95% 에탄올로 상온에서 24시간 추출하는 것이 제일 양호하였다. 항균력은 $pH\;5.0{\sim}8.0$의 범위에서 나타났으나 산성영역에서 다소 높게 나타났으며, 이온교환 chro-matography결과, 음이온 획분이 양이온 획분보다 항균력이 높았다. Gram양성균에 대한 균증식 억제력이 Gram음성균에서 보다 양호하였으며, 식중독 원인세균인 Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus 등에 대하여는 0.1%의 첨가로도 48시간까지 균의 증식이 억제되었다. 곰팡이나 효모류에 대하여는 0.1% 첨가하였을 경우에는 균종에 따라 48시간 이내에 균의 증식이 나타났으나, 0.15% 첨가하였을 경우에는 거의 모든 진균류에서 96시간 까지 균의 증식이 억제되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.229-242
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• 1992

A Bibliographical Studies were designed under the purpose of the prevention and remedy in a cold, scarlatina, the addominal region disease, disease a lung sickness, a swelling sore throat, brains disease, lumbago, a burn, poisoning and administer first aid by the Korean Traditional Sanitary Customs and a Superstition. The method of the Korean Traditional Folk Remedy used in this area was mainly food, which can be easily found around their house and easy to use.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2013

Salmonella is one of the major pathogenic bacteria that cause food poisoning. This study investigated whether heat-killed as well as live Lactobacillus protects host animal against Salmonella infection. Live and heat-killed Lactobacillusacidophilus was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 weeks before the rats were inoculated with Salmonella. Rise in body temperature was moderate in the group that was treated with heat-killed bacteria as compared to the Salmonella control group. The mean amount of feed intake and water consumption of each rat in the heat-killed bacteria group were nearly normal. The number of fecal Salmonellae was comparable between the live and the heat-killed L. acidophilus groups. This finding shows that L. acidophilus facilitates the excretion of Salmonella. Moreover, the levels of pro inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1 beta, in the heat-killed L. acidophilus group were significantly lower when compared to the levels in the Salmonella control group. These results indicate that nonviable lactic acid bacteria also could play an important role in preventing infections by enteric pathogens such as Salmonella.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2023

2021년 국내에서 가장 많은 수의 식중독 환자가 Salmonella로 인해 발생하였고, 전 세계적으로도 꾸준한 발생이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2021년 9월 중 경상남도에서 발생한 2건의 Salmonella 원인의 식중독에 대한 사례 보고 및 분리된 Salmonella 균주의 분자역학적 특성을 분석하였다. 학교 급식 사례는 동일 섭취원 588명 중 29명(4.9%)이 설사 및 복통 증상을 보였고 36명(환자 29, 조리 종사자 7)에 대한 검사 결과, Salmonella Enteritidis가 환자 17명(47.2%)에서 검출되어 주원인으로 판단되었다. 식품 및 환경 검체 35건에서는 S. Enteritidis가 검출되지 않았다. 다음으로, 회사 내 발생 사례는 동일 섭취원 2,900명 중 87명 (3.0%)이 설사, 복통, 발열 증상을 보여 50명(환자 40, 조리 종사자 10)을 검사를 했고, 그 결과 환자 28명 (56.0%)에서 S. Enteritidis가 검출되었다. 그중 4명은 Vibrio cholerae (NAG)와 S. Enteritidis가 중복 검출되었고 1명은 V. cholerae (NAG)만 검출되었다. 이는 S. Enteritidis와 복합적으로 작용했을 가능성을 배제할 수는 없지만 주원인으로는 S. Enteritidis로 판단되었다. 식품 및 환경 검체 125건 중 보존식에서는 S. Enteritidis가 불검출이었으나, 회사에서 단체로 배달 주문하여 섭취한 토스트에서 S. Enteritidis가 검출되었다. PFGE 유전학적 상동성을 분석한 결과, 환자와 식품에서 분리된 S. Enteritidis 균주가 동일한 유형으로 확인되었다. 이는 앞서 발생한 경남지역 학교 사례와 타 지역 사례의 환자 분리 균주와도 동일한 유형으로 확인되어 문제성이 더욱 제고되고 있다. 이와 같이 S. Enteritidis 원인 식중독의 분자역학적 특성 분석을 통해 역학적 관리 및 식중독 예방에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 1995

새로운 식중독 원인균으로 주목을 받고 있고 수권에서 잘 검출된다고 알려져 있는 V cholerae non-O1과 V. mimicus를 대상으로 민물, 기수 및 해수에서 염도와 온도의 변화에 따른 균수의 증감을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 민물에서 V. cholerae non-O1은 $26\pm1^{\circ}C$보다 4와 $15^{\circ}C$에서 생잔기간이 길었으며 V. mimius는 4와 $26\pm1^{\circ}C$보다 $15^{\circ}C$에서 생잔기간이 길었다. 2. 기수에서는 두 균주 모두 15, 4, $26\pm1^{\circ}C$으로 생잔기간이 길었다. 3. 해수에서는 두 균주 공히 온도가 높을수록 생잔기간이 짧았으며, $4^{\circ}C$에서 실험조건 중 생잔기간이 가장 길었다. 4. 민물에서는 V. mimicus보다 V. cholerae non-O1의 안정성이 높았고, 기수에서는 V. cholerae non-O1보다 V. mimicus의 안정성이 높았으며 해수에서는 두 균 사이에 큰 차이가 없었다. 5. 염도와 온도의 변화는 V. cholerae non-O1과 V. mimicus의 생잔에 중요한 인자이다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the general problems of school food service and to explore a way to improve it, by examining elementary school teacher's consciousness and attitude toward it that gave a big impact on children's development of food habit. For attaining the purpose, the following research questions were posed : 1) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service management? 2) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service effect on children? 3) What's elementary school teacher opinion about how to develop school food service? The subjects of study were 328 male or female teachers who served at elementary school in urban and rural area, including eup, myon, or farming and fishing villages, Kyonggi province. A questionnaire survey was conducted over them. The conclusions were as follows: 1) Teacher Attitude Toward School Food Service Management Concerning food service place, the subjects were more satisfied at food service room(73.3%) than at classroom(23.0%). They responded that food service room was more effective, than classroom, for food transportation, distribution and post-arrangement. Their satisfaction at food service place was significantly different. The older teachers considered personnel management and cooking room's sanitary management to be more efficient, and their age made a significant difference to their consciousness of these things. Many teachers(63.1%) thought the measures to prevent and manage group food poisoning were relatively efficient. The male teachers expressed more affirmative view on the efficiency of school food expense management and menu preparation than female teachers, and there was a significant disparity between male and female teachers. 2) Elementary School Food Service Effect School food service was thought to be very effective for physical growth(74.1%) and physical strength improvement(70.1%). Teachers at smaller school revealed more affirmative response toward school food service effect on correcting an unbalanced diet, and older teachers considered its effect on nutrition knowledge acquisition and learning outcome to be more great. Teachers at larger school put less value on its effect on table manners, and school size produced a significant difference. The number of teachers who thought school food service generally raised parent concern and support for school(36.6%) was a little more than that of teachers who didn't think so(15.2%). And the number of teachers who didn't consider its effect on improving parent food life to be good(29.3%) was slightly more than that of teachers who did. 3) School Food Service Reform Measure What's most urgently needed for better school food service management appeared to be an expansion of facilities concerned, followed by more effective food distribution and transport, cooking room's better sanitary management, more successful food poisoning prevention and management, more effective food expense management, and an increase of food service personnel in the order named. The most effective means of school food service education was found to be a creation of link system to family, followed by a development of school food service education program, a development of teaching materials, an insertion of school food service in curriculum, and teacher education in the order named.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1978

Antibiotics susceptibilities of Staphylococci were tested to get useful data for prevention food contamination and treatment of food poisoning. Tested were colony counts, isolation of Staphylococci, identification for the Staphylococcus aureus and resistant patterns to antimcrobial agents. The colonies and Staphylococci isolated from the atmosphere of 37 home kitchens in the morning (07:00-08:00) on Nov. 19, 1977 in Busan. The findings are as follows: 1. The average of colony counts was shown to be 9.6 ranging from 47 to 1 at mean temperature of 18$\circ$C (the highest 21$\circ$C, the lowest 15$\circ$C) 2. Out of total 37 kitchens, 18 Staphylococci were isolated from 15 kitchens with 40.5 per cent, and 4 Staphylococcus aureus were identified with 22.2 per cent from 18 Staphylococci. 3. Isolated Staphylococci were resistant to penicillin(100%), dihydrostreptomycin(93.3%), tetracycline (93.3%) and oleandomycin(66.6%), while the strains were sensitive to sulfonamide(88.6%) and colistin(83.3%). 4. Staphylococcus aureus identified were resistant to dihydrostreptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline, while the strains were sensitive to sulfonamide and colistin.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2003년도 Challenges and Achievements in Environmental Health
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• pp.24-25
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• 2003

Lead is ubiquitous in the human environment as a result of industrialization. China's rapid industrialization and traffic growth have increased the potential for lead emissions. Lead poisoning in children is one of the most common public health problems today, and it is entirely preventable. Children are more vulnerable to lead pollution and lead in their bodies can affect their nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems. Children are exposed to lead from different sources (such as paint, gasoline, and solder) and through different pathways (such as air, food, water, dust, and soil). Although all children are exposed to some lead from food, air, dust, and soil, some children are exposed to high dose sources of lead. Significant sources of lead for China's children include industrial emissions (often close to housing and schools), leaded gasoline, and occupational exposure that occurs when parents wear lead-contaminated clothing home from work, burning of coal for home heat and cooking, contaminated food, and some traditional medicines. To assess the blood lead level in children in China, a large-scale study was conducted in 19 cities among 9 provinces during 1997 to 2000. There were 6502 children, aged 3-5 years, were recruited in the study The result indicates that the mean blood lead level was 8.83ug/dl 3-5 year old living in city area. The mean blood lead level of boys was higher than that of girls (9.1l ug/dl vs 8.73ug/dl). Almost 30 percent childrens blood lead level exceeded 10ug/dl. The average blood lead level was higher than that of in 1985 (8.83ug/dl vs 8.lug/dl). An epidemiological study was carried on the children living around the cottage industries recycling the lead from battery. Nine hundreds fifty nine children, aged 5-12 years, living in lead polluted villages where the lead smelters located near the residential area and 207 control children live in unpolluted area were recruited in the study. The lead levels in air, soil, drinking water and crops were measured. The blood lead and ZnPP level were tested for all subjects. The results show that the local environment was polluted. The lead levels both in the air and crops were much higher than that of in control area. In the polluted area, the average blood level was 49.6ug/dl (rang 19.5-89.3ug/dl). Whereas, in the unpolluted area, the average blood level was 12.4ug/dl (rang 4.6-24.8ug/dl). This study indicates that in some countryside area, some cottage industries induce seriously lead pollution and cause children health problem. For the introducing of unleaded gasoline in some large cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, the blood lead level showed a declined trend since 1997. By 2000, the use of leaded gasoline in motor vehicles has been prohibited in China. The most recent data available show that levels of lead in blood among children in Shanghai decreased from 8.3ug/dl in 1997 to 7.6ug/dl in 1999. The prevalence rate of children lead poisoning (blood lead >10ug/dl) was also decreased from 37.8% to 24.8%. In children living in downtown area, the blood lead level reduced dramatically. To explore the relationship between gene polymorphisms and individual susceptibility of lead poisoning, a molecular epidemiological study was conducted among children living in lead polluted environment. The result showed that the subjects with ALAD2 allele has higher ZPP level, and the subjects with VDR B allele has larger head circumference than only with b allele. In the present study, we demonstrated that ALAD genotypes modify lead effects on heme metabolism and VDR gene variants influence the skull development in highly exposed children. The polymorphism of ALAD and VDR genes might be the molecular inherited factor modifying the susceptibility of lead poisoning. Recently, Chinese government pays more attention to lead pollution and lead poisoning in children problem. The leaded gasoline was prohibited used in motor vehicles since 2000. The government has decided to have a clampdown on the high-polluted lead smelters for recycling the lead from battery in countryside. It is hopeful that the risk of lead poisoning in children will be decreased in the further