• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.41-58
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were 1) to segment the market based on purchase frequency of products such as apparel, food, home electronics, life commodity in department store and low-price retailing, 2) to identify differences among segments in belief and attitude toward each store, purchase frequency of apparel items in each store and demographic variables. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 274 married women living in Seoul, Korea and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and x$^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, using cluster analysis on purchase frequency of products in each store, four groups were identified and labeled as department store patronage/ non-purchasers of apparel in low-price retailing(25.2%), purchasers of apparel in department store and low-price retailing(16.8%), low-price retailing patronage(30.3%) and non-purchasers of products in department store and low-price retailing(27.0%). Second, a series of one-way ANOV As revealed significant differences among four segments on beliefs of low-price retailing(four store attributes: price and variety of apparel product, facilities for convenient shopping, promotion, brand-reputation and fashionability of apparel product) and department store(three store attributes: price and variety of apparel product, facilities for convenient shopping and promotion) and attitude toward low-price retailing and department store. Attitude toward each store was yielded using Fishbein's multiattributes model. There were also significant differences among groups in purchase frequency of seven apparel items in low-price retailing and six apparel items in department store, and six demographic and personal variables(age, educational status, type of husband's occupation, monthly income and housing). Finally, the papers discussed manageral implications for each segments as well as theoretical implications.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The body composition changes in aging increased the risk of metabolic disorder. Recent dietary studies have increasingly focused on the correlations between dietary patterns and chronic diseases to overcome the limitations of traditional single-nutrient studies because nutrients in food have complex relations that interact. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted to classify a dietary pattern among Korean elderly using cluster analysis and to explore the relationships between dietary patterns and body composition changes in Korean elderly aged 65 years or older. The study subjects (n=1,435) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2011. RESULTS: There were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study: 'Traditional Korean' (37.49% of total population), 'Meat and Alcohol' (19.65%) and 'Westernized Korean' (42.86%). The (1) 'Traditional Korean' pattern was characterized by high consumptions of white rice and low protein, low fat, and low milk products, while (2) 'Westernized Korean' pattern ate a Korean-style diet base with various foods such as noodles, bread, eggs and milk, (3) 'Meat and Alcohol' pattern had high consumptions of meat and alcohol. In body composition changes, compared with the 'Traditional Korean' pattern, the 'Meat & alcohol' pattern was associated with a 50% increased risk of having elevated BMI ($kg/m^2$), 'Westernized Korean' pattern was associated with a 74% increased abnormality of ASM/Wt (kg) by logistics analysis. Most of the Korean adult population continues to follow ether a traditional Korean having beneficial effects for successful aging. However, the 'Traditional Korean' pattern showed low protein intake (0.7 g/kg), calcium intake, and vitamin D intake as well as low of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM (kg)) among 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the low ASM, consumption of protein, calcium and vitamin D should be increased for Korean elderly health body composition.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.169-184
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• 2000

Industrial clusters and their boundaries are identified by factor and hot spot analyses for the greater Cincinnati metropolitan area in USA. While traditional input-output approach identified aspatial industrial clusters, this study combines traditional approach with GIS techniques to identify their boundaries. Combining the results of input-output industrial clusters with the leading industries groups, we have identified five leading industry clusters. They are food (20), chemicals (28), metal manufacturing (32), metal products (33), and machinery (35). We also used hot spot analysis to visualize each industry cluster on the research area by using Arcview software. Determining the degree to which such industries are associated spatially and their spatial delimitation may be an additional approach to measuring the efficiency of the spatial organization of an economy. It is hoped that the industrial clusters and industrial spatial clusters approaches may also proved the basis for the development of new models of the spatial arrangement of industry at a level more aggregated than that of the single plant or firm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 2015

This study classifies the types of spatio-functional differentiation in Korean island areas and analyses typical characters and suggests the development directions by each type. Eup/Myeon-level island areas are classified as six types by the factor analysis and the cluster analysis. First type is the traditional rural center. This type puts emphasis on maintaining phase as the central space and has to maximize development potential of the whole of settlement zone. Second type is the specialized region in manufacturing industry and the qualitative mutual growth of regional industries is able to be suggested. Third type is the specialized region in the neighborhood service provision. This type needs to devise the plan for utilizing potential customers actively and developing into the region specialized in tourism industry. Fourth type is the specialized region in tourism-support service functions. This type has to promote differentiated policies for maintaining amenity infra or value of countryside capital and preservation and utilization of resources by regional features. Fifth type is the fishing industry-dominated region. This type has to promote sustainable fishery development through the policy reflecting regional features and condition. Finally, sixth type is the sluggish region dominated with the traditional agriculture and fishery. This type is needed to aim at developing into the new food production base having the advantage of clean environment by strengthening support in specialized agro-fishery products. The existing researches on spatio-functional differentiation were mostly discussed with respect to land development, but this study highlights the difference in deal with the island areas distinguished from the condition of industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.837-844
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• 2008

Glucose (xylose) isomerases from Streptomyces sp. have been used for the production of high fructose corn syrup for industrial purposes. An 11-kb DNA fragment containing the xyl gene cluster was isolated from Streptomyces lividans TK24 and its nucleotide sequences were analyzed. It was found that the xyl gene cluster contained a putative transcriptional repressor (xylR), xylulokinase (xylB), and xylose isomerase (xylA) genes. The transcriptional directions of the xylB and xylA genes were divergent, which is consistent to those found in other streptomycetes. A gene encoding XylR was located downstream of the xylB gene in the same direction, and its mutant strain produced xylose isomerase regardless of xylose in the media. The enzyme expression level in the mutant was 4.6 times higher than that in the parent strain under xylose-induced condition. Even in the absence of xylose, the mutant strain produce over 60% of enzyme compared with the xylose-induced condition. Gel mobility shift assay showed that XylR was able to bind to the putative xyl promoter, and its binding was inhibited by the addition of xylose in vitro. This result suggested that XylR acts as a repressor in the S. lividans xylose operon.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.639-654
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Many adolescents in developing countries skip breakfast. Innovative nutrition education (NE) strategies are needed to enhance knowledge and skills related to the breakfasts of adolescents in a low socioeconomic setting. The objective was to evaluate short- and long-term effects of a multi-strategy, school-based NE intervention on adolescents' breakfast-related personal influences and behaviors. SUBJECTS/METHODS: An intervention study with a cluster randomized controlled trial design was conducted in 4 senior high schools in Makassar, Indonesia. The multi-strategy NE intervention was delivered for 3 months. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and a 3-day breakfast recall (face-to-face interview). Wilcoxon, McNemar, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine intra- and intergroup differences. RESULTS: Unlike knowledge, improvement was observed in attitude and self-efficacy scores in the intervention groups (IGs) (P < 0.01); however, no significant changes were observed in the control group (CG). More students showed improved motivation in the IG than in the CG (P > 0.05). Changes in breakfast frequency and macronutrient intake from breakfast were greater in the IG than in the CG (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A multi-strategy NE intervention is effective in producing positive changes in breakfast-related attitude, self-efficacy, and motivation of adolescents from a low-middle socioeconomic setting. The intervention improved breakfast frequency and nutrient intake. This intervention has promise for sustaining the observed changes over the long-term.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.11-16
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• 2019

People are subject to time sanctions in a busy modern society. Therefore, people find it difficult to eat simple junk food and even exercise, which is bad for their health. As a result, the incidence of chronic diseases is increasing. Also, the importance of making accurate and appropriate inferences to individual characteristics is growing due to unnecessary information overload phenomenon. In this paper, we propose a knowledge reasoning model using association rules and cluster analysis of multi-contexts. The proposed method provides a personalized healthcare to users by generating association rules based on the clusters based on multi-context information. This can reduce the incidence of each disease by inferring the risk for each disease. In addition, the model proposed by the performance assessment shows that the F-measure value is 0.027 higher than the comparison model, and is highly regarded than the comparison model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.416-424
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• 2011

This study aimed to look into the Korean food consumption behavior, satisfaction, and loyalty between segmented groups through Korean food market segmentation in accordance with brand personality. A survey was conducted to the Japanese residing in Korea and also Japanese tourists in Korea. For the statistic analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, anova, $x^2$ and cluster analysis were conducted with Hangul SPSSWIN 19.0. The results of an empirical analysis include the following. First, the brand personality of Korean food was deduced into the following five levels: sincerity, ruggedness, competence, sophistication, and excitement. As a result of stereotyping based on the above, it was classified into three groups involving an excitement pursuing group (18.7%), a sophistication pursuing group (59.7%), and a competence sincerity pursuing group (21.6%). Second, it was found that there was a significant difference in the demographic characteristics and Korean food consumption behavior between segmented groups. Third, there was a significant difference also in satisfaction with and loyalty to Korean food between segmented groups. Specifically, competence and sincerity pursuing groups were discovered to exhibit the highest satisfaction and loyalty when compared with any other of the groups. Accordingly, it would be necessary to conduct a Korean food marketing strategy appropriate for each segmented group.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.597-605
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has increased in recent decades in Korea. This study was designed to examine differences in the eating habits, physical activity (PA), nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy of children by obesity status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 5th-grade children from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. Survey questionnaire included items related to general characteristics, eating habits, PA, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy. Excluding incomplete responses, 3,531 data were analyzed using SPSS. Subjects were categorized into overweight obesity (OW) and normal weight (NW) groups based on body mass index percentiles for age by sex. RESULTS: A total of 21.5% of subjects was overweight or obese. There were significant differences in gender, perceived stress, perception of body shape, body satisfaction, and interest in weight control between the OW and NW groups (P < 0.001). With respect to eating habits, the OW group ate breakfast (P < 0.05) and snacks (P < 0.01) less frequently, ate bigger meals (P < 0.001), and demonstrated less desirable behaviors during meals (P < 0.05 in boys) compared to the NW group. The OW group participated in less PA than the NW group, especially boys. OW boys spent less time walking during weekdays (P < 0.05) or the weekend (P < 0.001), spent more time being sedentary during weekdays or the weekend (P < 0.001), and exercised a fewer number of days (P < 0.01). For girls, the OW group spent more time being sedentary during the weekend (P < 0.01) and exercised a fewer number of days by walking or bicycle riding (P < 0.05) than the NW group. Nutrition knowledge was not significantly different between the OW and NW groups. Self-efficacy (P < 0.01 in boys), especially PA self-efficacy (P < 0.01), was significantly lower in the OW than NW group. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed differences in eating habits, PA, and self-efficacy between OW and NW children. Obesity management programs for children need to focus on increasing self-efficacy, modifying eating habits, and increasing PA.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

This study aims to find new attributes by analyzing Korea and China duty free store online reviews and examine the influence of these attributes on star ratings(satisfaction)of duty free store. For study, we used Dazhong Dianping that largest online review site in China. Using R, we analyzed 5,659 reviews of Korea duty free store and 4,051 reviews of China duty free store. According to the analysis, Sale, Food and Membership attributes had a positive effect on star rating of Korea duty free store. Sale, Product, Airport, Food and Membership had a positive effect on star rating of China duty free store. This study has identified new factors such as food that showed the importance of providing space of restaurants while shopping at duty free store. This study has contributed to the existing literature by finding new attribute such as food. Practically, this finding will help to duty free industry workers better understand the impact of providing space of restaurants on duty free store.