• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2002

Allergens in processed foods may place persons with food allergies at significant risk when the labels do not Provide sufficient warnings or identification of high-risk ingredients. Because egg proteins are common food allergens, this study was carried out to identify hen's egg albumin (ovalbumin, OVA) in five commercially processed foods containing egg (custayd, cookie and pasta), and chicken meat (sausage and meatball) by immunological methods using commercially produced murine monoclonal immunoglobulin G (M-IgG), immunoblotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample buffer with chelating and reducing agents was prepared and used for the preparation of the protein fractions from the foods. Most bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profile (5~15% gradient gel) presented at 75 kDa below. OVA (43 kDa) in the sample lanes could not be visually observed on the gel. However, OVA in solutions prepared from custard and cookie could be detected by M-IgG, but were not detected in sausage and pasta. OVA in all samples could be quantitatively determined by the equation obtained from the standard curve by ELISA. Cookie and custard containing egg white and egg, respectively, contained very high concentrations of OVA. OVA in the other products were present in relatively low concentrations, but sufficiently high to pose possible risk of allergy, ELISA is a very sensitive and precise method for the identification and quantification of allergens in food products including allergy-inducible materials.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2018

Bovine colostrum is necessary for newborn calves to survive, grow and receive immunity from their mother. Cows in Korea produce about 35kg of colostrum, 4Kg of which is fed to the calf, and the rest is discarded. The bovine colostrum causes the harmful side effects to human, such as allergies and digestive problems; so, it is prohibited by law to consume colostrum itself as a food. However, many scientific research data have suggested that components in the colostrum can improve human health and has the ability to help treat diseases. In line with the trend of food and pharmacy industries using natural product materials, which attract positive attention, recently, some ingredients in colostrum have been used in the production of food supplements, and it has been used in its raw form in some cosmetics. This review introduces the active ingredients and physiologically active substances contained in bovine colostrum, summarizes the efficacy of physiological enhancement of the colostrum, which has been proven by scientific methods to date, and also suggests the possibility of industrial applications of colostrum as an animal-derived natural material.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.505-509
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the application of food irradiation technology as a method for reducing milk allergies. Bovine $\alpha$-casein, $\beta$-casein, $textsc{k}$-casein, $\alpha$-lactalbumin(ALA), $\beta$-lactoglobulin (BLG) and serum albumin (BSA) were used as model allergens of milk proteins and the proten solution (2.0 mg/mL) with 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) was irradiated at 3, 5 and 10 kGy. Using milk-hypersensitive patients IgE (MHP-IgE), the changes of binding ability to irradiated proteins were observed by competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ci-ELISA). Affinity of MHP-IgE to milk proteins was higher in ALA and BLG than that of other proteins. Standard curve to each non-irradiated protein could be made with MHP-IgE for quantifying milk allergens. Binding abilities of MHP-IgE to the irradiated proteins, however, decreased with different slopes of the standard curves. Sensitivity of gamma irradiation was higher in ALA and BLG than of other proteins. These results indicated that irradiation technology can be used to reduce the milk hypersensitivity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.759-762
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• 2012

이번 실험을 통하여 PEIC가 OVA에 의해 유도된 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성과 iNOS, COX-2 발현에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아 보았다. PEIC는 OVA에 의해 유도된 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성을 억제시켰다. 또한 PEIC는 OVA에 의해 유도된 iNOS의 발현도 억제시켰다. 하지만 PEIC는 OVA에 의해 유도된 COX-2 발현은 억제시키지 못하였다. 이러한 결과는 iNOS와 COX-2가 서로 다른 메커니즘에 의해 조절된다는 것을 암시한다. 또한 PEIC는 알러지와 같은 만성적인 질병들을 조절할 수 있는 치료제 개발 및 백신 제조에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대한다.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.575-590
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• 2018

The prevalence of allergic disorders has dramatically increased over the past decade, particularly in developed countries. Apart from gastrointestinal disorders, neoplasia, genital and dermatological diseases etc., dysregulation of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) has also been found to be associated with increased risk of allergies. Probiotics are increasingly being employed to correct dysbiosis and, in turn, to modulate allergic diseases. However, several factors like strain variations and effector metabolites or component of them in a bacterial species can affect the efficacy of those as probiotics. On the other hand, host variations like geographical locations, food habits etc. could also affect the expected results from probiotic usage. Thus, there is a glaring deficiency in our approach to establish probiotics as an irrefutable treatment avenue for suitable disorders. In this review, we explicate on the reported probiotics and their effects on certain allergic diseases like atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma to establish their utility. We propose possible measures like elucidation of effector molecules and functional mechanisms of probiotics towards establishing probiotics for therapeutic use. Certain probiotics studies have led to very alarming outcomes which could have been precluded, had effective guidelines been in place. Thus, we also propose ways to secure the safety of probiotics. Overall, our efforts tend to propose necessary discovery and quality assurance guidelines for developing probiotics as potential immunomodulatory 'Pharmabiotics.'

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Scombroid fish poisoning (SFP) is a form of histamine food poisoning caused by the ingestion of improperly stored fish. The term "scombroid" derives from the family name of the fish family first implicated, such as tuna and mackerel. On the other hand, non-scombroid fish species, such as sardine and herring, can also cause histamine poisoning. The histamine is converted from histidine by a bacterial enzyme in the causative fish. Because the symptoms of SFP can easily be confused with food allergies, it is believed to have been significantly under-reported. In 2016, an outbreak of SFP occurred among primary school students who had eaten yellowtail steak in Korea. The most common findings consisted of a rapid onset of flushing of the face and trunk, erythematous and urticarial rash, diarrhea, and headache occurring soon after consuming the spoiled fish. Usually, the course is self-limiting and antihistamines can be used successfully to relieve symptoms, but several life-threatening SFP cases have been reported. Clinical toxicologists should be familiar with SFP and have competency to make a differential diagnosis between fish allergy and histamine poisoning. SFP is a histamine-induced reaction caused by the ingestion of histamine-contaminated fish, whereas a fish allergy is an IgE-mediated reaction. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures of SFP.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.361-371
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• 1998

Recent increases of asthma and allergies in childhood made the need for a standardized approach to international and regional comparisons of their prevalence and severity. To address these issues, 'International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)' is currently underway. In Korea, 'Nationwide Study of Asthma and Allergies in Korean Children' began in 1995 according to ISAAC protocol. ISAAC written and video questionnaires were used in this survey, but their reliability and validity were not evaluated properly yet. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of two kinds of questionnaires and their usefulness in international and regional comparisons. The test and retest of two questionniares were completed by male(n=110) and female(n=111) middle school students with two and three weeks interval each. Kappa(or weighted kappa) were calculated from each questions and validity coefficients were estimated from those statistics. In Korean version of written questionnaire, the questions for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergy proved to have high kappa values (or weighted kappa values) and validity coefficients and they can be used in further studies without any correction. But some questions about asthma(especially nocturnal cough, wheezing in exercise, and severe asthma) and drug allergy need to be revised for better under-standing to study subjects. Video questionnaire has the same degree of reliability and validity when compared to written questionnaire and this is the unexpected result. Accordingly, it also need to be revised to overcome the racial and cultural differences of the study subjects. In conclusion, the Korean version of written and video questionnaires may be considered to be useful methods in international and regional comparisons of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood after correction of some questions.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the actual state of the food allergy and food behavior in adults by using a questionnaire. The subjects of this study were consisted of 207 males and 355 females in Gyeongbuk area. The results are as follows: Among the respondents, 54.9% kept up with proper eating habits, 41.2% knew how much they would have to eat appropriately in a day, and women ate more milk and snacks than men in a day and men ate more meat than women. 58.3% of men and 46% of women were eating 3 meals a day. This finding indicated that women skipped the meal more than men. 77.2％ of the respondents skipped their breakfast, 13.5％ the lunch, and 9.3% the dinner. 48.5％ of men and 28.8% of women evacuated over 8 times a week(p<0.001). Eczema was the allergy symptom which broke out the most highly in both male and female; 25% of men and 29.9% of women. Atopic dermatitis and pollen allergy broke out similarly in both male and female. Allergic rhinitis occurred twice more in men than in women. Asthma broke out in men about three times more than in women. 36.3% of men and 46.5% of women visited a doctor when they had an allergic reaction. 40.9% of men and 40.7% of women believed that the allergy was caused mainly by the dust in the house and mites. The other factors, which caused the allergic reaction, were thought to be the specific food and the pollution from cars and factories by men and the specific food and others by women. 35.4% of men and 44.2% of women ate homemade food to prevent allergies.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2012

Since the prevalence of allergies is increasing, food allergy is a major concern for consumers, as well as for the food industry. The foods that account for over 90% of all moderate to severe allergic reactions to food are milk, eggs, peanuts, soybeans, fish, shellfish, wheat, and tree nuts. Of these food allergens, milk is one of the major animal food allergens in infants and young children. Milk is the first food that an infant is exposed to; therefore, the sensitization rate of milk in sensitive individuals is understandably higher. The mechanisms involved in allergic reactions caused by this hypersensitivity are similar to those of other immune-mediated allergic reactions. The reactions occur in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and respiratory tract, with headaches and psychological disorders occurring in some instances. The major allergenic proteins in milk are casein, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, and ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, while some of the minor allergenic proteins are lactoferrin, bovine serum albumin, and immunoglobulin. Reliable allergen detection and quantification are essential for compliance with food allergen-labeling regulations, which protect the consumer and facilitate international trade.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.264-270
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• 2005

Breastfeeding has been known as the best feeding practice to prevent allergies including atopic dermatitis (AD) However, the benefit on the prevention of allergic disease is still controversial. The objectives of this study were to examine the rate of sensitization to the protein of eggs, cow's milk and soy in exclusively breastfed infants and to evaluate antigen-antibody reaction between breast milk and serum of AD infant. Data on feeding and food hypersensitivity were obtained for 62 AD infants (32 male, 30 female) aged < 6 month who had visited Samsung Medical Center from September 2001 to May 2003. Food hypersensitivity was determined by measuring specific IgE to egg, cow's milk and soy. Specific IgE levels > 0.7 kU/L by CAP assay (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) were considered positive. The rates of sensitization in breastfed infants were $41.9\%$ (26/62) to egg, $30.6\%$ (19/62) to milk and $18.0\%$ (11/62) to soy. Immunoblotting analyses were performed using breast milk with the matched serum of seven AD infants (4 male/3 female). Binding patterns of AD infant's IgE to breast milk extract showed visible specific band for immunoglobulin, especially in case of a lactating mother who did not completely restricted ingestion of egg, milk and soy. These results indicate that sensitization to food allergen develops via breast milk feeding. Breast milk feeding should be recommended in infants at risk of developing allergic disease, but maternal intake of highly allergenic food might be restricted for prevention and treatment of food allergy among the babies with AD.