• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2009

Objectives : Gagam-Gongjin-dan (GGD) composited with Cervi parvum Cornu, Corni Fructus, Angelica gigantis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Citri Pericarpium, Gastrodiae Rihzoma, Agastachis Herba, Cassiae cortkex, Scutellariae Radix, Schisandrae Fructus has been traditionally used for chronic diseases or weakness after illness in oriental countries. However, little is known about the effects of methanol extract of GGD on immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GGD on immune responses to ovalbumin plus alum in Balb/c mice. Methods : In this study, the extract of GGD was prepared by extracting with methanol for 7 days. The extract was freeze-dried following filtration through vacuum distillation system. Mice were orally administrated with or without GGD extract of different doses (50-200 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. We examined the effects of GGD extract on the serum levels of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, and CTACK/CCL27 production and CCR10 expression in lymph node cells and body weight change and foot pad swelling responses in ovalbumin treated Balb/c. Results : The oral administration of GGD dose-dependently reduced the serum levels of total IgE, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (IgE, IgG1 and IgG2b) and CTACK/CCL27 production in ovalbumin treated BALB/c mice. The levels of CCR10 expression from lymph node cells of OVA treated mice were markedly suppressed by treatment with GGD in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, foot pad swelling responses were also markedly suppressed by GGD. However, body weight were significantly increased dose dependently by GGD treatment. Conclusions : These results suggest that GGD treatment suppresses immune responses to ovalbumin, and these properties may contribute to allergic disease care.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.49-62
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• 2022

Recently, with the development of Smart City Solutions such as Big data, AI, IoT, Autonomous driving, and Digital twins around the world, the proliferation of various smart devices and social media, and the record of the deeds that people have left everywhere, the construction of Smart Cities using the "Big Data" environment in which so much information and data is produced that it is impossible to gauge the scale is actively underway. The Purpose of this study is to construct an objective and systematic analysis Model based on Big Data to improve the transportation convenience of citizens and formulate efficient policies in Urban Information and Public Transportation accessibility in sustainable Smart Cities following the 4th Industrial Revolution. It is also to derive the methodology of developing a Big Data-Based public transport accessibility and policy management Platform using a sustainable Urban Public DB and a Private DB. To this end, Detailed Living Areas made a division and the accessibility of basic living amenities of Gwangju Metropolitan City, and the Public Transportation system based on Big Data were analyzed. As a result, it was Proposed to construct a Big Data-based Urban Information and Public Transportation accessibility Platform, such as 1) Using Big Data for public transportation network evaluation, 2) Supporting Transportation means/service decision-making based on Big Data, 3) Providing urban traffic network monitoring services, and 4) Analyzing parking demand sources and providing improvement measures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 1994

A SGTR accident postulated at Kori unit 1 is simulated with Mihama unit experience, which occurred on February 1991, to evaluate the capability of plant to cope with the transient. The system design and plant conditions of Kori Unit 1 are much similar with those of Mihama Unit 2. Therefore, special concern has been given to evaluate the sequence and the resulting consequence of the postulated SGTR accident at the Kori unit 1 An analysis is peformed as realistically as possible, with following the EOP of Kori unit 1. The result indicates that the leak through tube break terminates within about forty minutes, and the Kori unit 1 may be sufficient to cope with SGTR accident with same type of sequence. However, the reconsideration may be required for the design of Kori unit 1 which disconnects non-safety AC power from off-site power on SI signal generation. It may be pointed out that the content of EOP for SGTR accident is not enough to require operator's proper judgements. An analysis of SGTR accident tested in the LSTF which simulated the SGTR accident at the Mihama Unit 2 is peformed using the RELAP5/MOD3. The results indicates that the code yields in general good agreement with the test, except the break flowrate at the early stage of the event.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.190-196
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• 2023

Recently, following the development of LIDAR technology which can detect distance from the object, the interest for LIDAR based 3D object detection network is getting higher. Previous networks generate inaccurate localization results due to spatial information loss during voxelization and downsampling. In this study, we propose an attention-based convergence method and a camera-LIDAR convergence system to acquire high-level features and high positional accuracy. First, by introducing the attention method into the Voxel-RCNN structure, which is a grid-based 3D object detection network, the multi-scale sparse 3D convolution feature is effectively fused to improve the performance of 3D object detection. Additionally, we propose the late-fusion mechanism for fusing outcomes in 3D object detection network and 2D object detection network to delete false positive. Comparative experiments with existing algorithms are performed using the KITTI data set, which is widely used in the field of autonomous driving. The proposed method showed performance improvement in both 2D object detection on BEV and 3D object detection. In particular, the precision was improved by about 0.54% for the car moderate class compared to Voxel-RCNN.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the implications of the rural living area setting and rural spatial structure analysis of the rural spatial strategy plan through case analysis. Following the decentralization of autonomy and the promotion of the transfer of state affairs to local areas, some of the general agricultural and fishing village development projects of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs were transferred to local areas. In addition, in 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs introduced a rural agreement system for 113 cities and counties. However, since the understanding of the field is still low, this study attempted to present implications through a case analysis of the structure of rural space and the establishment of rural living areas in three local governments in Chungcheong. As a result of the study, in the stage of establishing the living zone, it is necessary to comprehensively review the contents reviewed in the analysis of the current status and conditions. However, the two local governments had insufficient interpretation of the axis by function and the establishment of the base area, or were using the upper plan as it was. Second, the source of the data used in the survey on the distribution status of living SOC facilities is unclear. Since the distribution status of living SOC facilities overlaps with accessibility analysis, OD data analysis, and resident survey results and is used as the basis for setting living areas, the data source should be clearly marked, and verification should be possible. Third, amenity (facility) resources were classified and analyzed according to the conditions and characteristics of local governments. The local government that applied the guidelines as they were was A local government, and the remaining local governments conducted surveys and analysis according to the current status. Forth, since the establishment of the rural living area is the minimum unit supported by government policies through future rural agreements, it is necessary to distinguish them based on quantitative standards in the process of establishing them. Only one case area presented clear grounds and standards, and the rest of the case areas presented standards but are based on non-quantitative standards. In order for rural agreements to be sustainable in the future and benefit local residents, it is necessary to use or establish a government-level institution that can collect and produce objective data. In addition, it is necessary to find ways to specify and standardize the standards for setting the living area and specify them in the guidelines.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2023

Lycopene, a carotenoid hydrocarbon is known to have effects on reducing cardiovascular risk factors, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Thus, a lot of supplementary foods with lycopene in several dosage forms like soft capsule filled with liquid and hard capsule filled with powder are available in a market. Recently, however, our research group found that the lycopene assay in Supplementary Food Code of South Korea is only valid for oily lycopene preparation. Thus, here, we developed a simple method to determine lycopene in solid preparations for Supplementary Food Code of South Korea using saponification and liquid chromatography with an absorbance detector. The method was validated following Ministry of Food and Drug Safety guidelines. All validation parameters observed in this study were within acceptable criteria of the guidelines (selectivity, linearity of r² ≥ 0.991, lower limit of quantification of 0.0149 mg/mL, accuracy as recovery (R) between 92.70 and 97.18 %, repeatability as relative standard deviation (RSD) values of R between 0.85 and 1.59 %, and reproducibility as the RSD value of interlaboratory R of 3.70 %). Additionally, the practical sample applicability of the validated method was confirmed by accuracy between 98.81 and 101.59 % observed from its lycopene certified reference material (CRM) analyses. Therefore, the present method could contribute to fortify the supplementary food safety management system in South Korea.

• Korean small business review
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.87-110
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• 2019

The structural and sustainable implementation of the microfinance policy is required to be successful. To this end, the government should focus on availability and accessibility of the public microfinance, away from providing the beneficial financing (financial benefits)featured by the combination of the welfare and finance in the past. In addition, the government-sponsored microfinance needs to aim for performance-oriented evaluation that leads to stabilization of financial life of ordinary people or increase of income, moving away from conventional funding based on the scale and the quantity for the poor. It is necessary to implement the following policies in order for the Moon's administration to take the government-sponsored microfinance to the next level. The government-sponsored microfinance must be in the market failure domain, but nonetheless, it is required to be managed by structural and sustainable ways so that it complies with the market principles and does not crowd out the private microfinance. Last but not least, making the best use of the capital market function can be a way to fund social enterprises or social economy enterprises. This aims to enable catalyst capital in the capital market to play a prime role for the inflow of private capital for the purpose of creating the social value.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.135-150
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• 2016

Due to the development of communication technology and expansion of Intelligent Transport System (ITS), the car is changing from a simple mechanical device to second living space which has comprehensive convenience function and is evolved into the platform which is playing as an interface for this role. As the interface area to provide various information to the passenger is being expanded, the research importance about smart car based user experience is rising. This study has a research objective to propose the guidelines regarding the smart car user experience elements. In order to conduct this study, smart car user experience elements were defined as function, interaction, and surface and through the discussions of UX/UI experts, 8 representative techniques, 14 representative techniques, and 8 locations of the glass windows were specified for each element. Following, the smart car users' priorities of the experience elements, which were defined through targeting 100 drivers, were analyzed in the form of questionnaire survey. The analysis showed that the users' priorities in applying the main techniques were in the order of safety, distance, and sensibility. The priorities of the production method were in the order of voice recognition, touch, gesture, physical button, and eye tracking. Furthermore, regarding the glass window locations, users prioritized the front of the driver's seat to the back. According to the demographic analysis on gender, there were no significant differences except for two functions. Therefore this showed that the guidelines of male and female can be commonly applied. Through user requirement analysis about individual elements, this study provides the guides about the requirement in each element to be applied to commercialized product with priority.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.171-187
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• 2023

Objectives: Aircraft cabin cleaning work is characterized by being performed within a limited time in a narrow and enclosed space. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels to dust, ultra fine dust(PM2.5) and black carbon(BC) among aircraft cabin cleaners. Methods: Active personal air sampling for respirable dust(n=73) and BC(n=47) was conducted during quick transit cleaning(cabin general and vacuum-specific) and seat cover replacement and total dust and PM2.5 were area-air-sampled as well. Also, size distribution of particle was identified with the cleaning workers targeted. Dusts were collected with PVC filters using gravimetric analysis. The concentration of PM2.5 and the particle size distribution were measured with real-time direct reading portable equipment using light scattering analysis. The concentration of BC was measured by aethalometer(filter-based real-time light absorption analysis instrument). Results: The geometric mean of respirable dust was the highest at vacuum cleaning as 74.4 ㎍/m³, following by replacing seat covers as 49.3 ㎍/m³ and cabin general cleaning as 47.8 ㎍/m³ . The arithmetic mean of PM2.5 was 4.83 ~ 9.89 ㎍/m³ inside the cabin, and 28.5~44.5 ㎍/m³ outside the cabin(from bus and outdoor waiting space). From size distribution, PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio was 0.54 at quick transit cleaning and 0.41 at replacing seat covers. The average concentration of BC was 2~7 ㎍/m³, showing a high correlation with the PM2.5 concentration. Conclusions: The hazards concentration levels of aircraft cabin cleaners were very similar to those of roadside outdoor workers. As the main source of pollution is estimated to be diesel vehicles operating at airports, and it is necessary to replace older vehicles, strengthen pollutant emission control regulations, and introduce electric vehicles. In addition, it is necessary to provide as part of airport-inftastructure a stable standby waiting space for aircraft cabin cleaners and introduce a systematic safety and health management system for all workers in the aviation industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.43-45
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• 2021

The short-term quantitative precipitation prediction (QPF) system is important socially and economically to prevent damage from severe weather. Recently, many studies for short-term QPF model applying the Deep Neural Network (DNN) has been conducted. These studies require the sophisticated pre-processing because the mistreatment of various and vast meteorological data sets leads to lower performance of QPF. Especially, for more accurate prediction of the non-linear trends in precipitation, the dataset needs to be carefully handled based on the physical and dynamical understands the data. Thereby, this paper proposes the following approaches: i) refining and combining major factors (weather radar, terrain, air temperature, and so on) related to precipitation development in order to construct training data for pattern analysis of precipitation; ii) producing predicted precipitation fields based on Convolutional with ConvLSTM. The proposed algorithm was evaluated by rainfall events in 2020. It is outperformed in the magnitude and strength of precipitation, and clearly predicted non-linear pattern of precipitation. The algorithm can be useful as a forecasting tool for preventing severe weather.