• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.290-298
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• 2019

This study investigated a total of 22 types (15 types of natural disasters and seven types of social disasters) of disaster and safety data based on the National Daily Situation Report, Disaster Yearbook and annual Disaster Annals issued by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. Disaster safety data were collected from the daily situation report of MOIS (Ministry of the Interior and Safety). The number of total data cases were 1,760, of which 656 were natural disasters and 1,104 were social disasters. The disasters were then patternized according to their characteristics. The patterning was conducted to set up the disaster and safety data system designed to keep disaster situations under prompt and effective management. The study analyzed the data associated with the activities in the response and recovery stages according to the disaster type. Furthermore, based on the management activities performed with the flow of time following a disaster, this study classified and proposed disaster and safety data patterns to achieve effective disaster management work by analyzing the characteristics of a disaster and safety data and disaster and safety management procedures. Disasters of high similarity were classified by merging and deleting them. This was done to consider the scalability and mutual linkage so that it can be used in the establishment of national statistical data, such as the disaster annual report and disaster annuity.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

The white aluminum phases in acid mine drainage usually precipitates when mixed with stream waters with relatively high pH. The minerals in white precipitates play important roles in controlling the behavior of heavy metals by adsorbing and coprecipitation. By the phase transition of these minerals in white precipitates, dissolution and readsorption of heavy metals may occur. This study was conducted to obtain preliminary information on the phase transition of the mineral phases in white precipitates. In this study, the mineral phase changes in the white precipitates collected from the stream around Dogye Mining Site over time were investigated with different pH values and temperatures. White precipitates consist mainly of basaluminite, amorphous $Al(OH)_3$ and a small amount of $Al_{13}$-tridecamer. During aging, the incongruent dissolution of the basaluminite occurs first, increasing the content of the amorphous $Al(OH)_3$. After that, pseudoboehmite is finally precipitated following the precursor phase of pseudoboehmite. At $80^{\circ}C$, this series of processes was clearly observed, but at relatively low temperatures, no noticeable changes were observed from the initial condition with coexisting basaluminite and amorphous $Al(OH)_3$. At high pH, the desorption of $SO{_4}^{2-}$ group in basaluminite was initiated to promote phase transition to the pseudoboehmite precursor. Over time, the solution pH decreases due to the dissolution and phase transition of the minerals, and even after the precipitation of pseudoboehmite, only the particle size slightly increased but no clear cystal form was observed.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2019

1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) has been used as an industrial solvent and a chemical intermediate, as well as in soil fumigants. Human exposure may occur during its production and industrial use. The target organs of 1,2-DCP are the eyes, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, central nervous system, and skin. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. In this study, 1,2-DCP was dissolved in corn oil at 0, 2.73, 5.75, and 8.75 mL/kg. The skin of mice treated with 1,2-DCP was investigated using western blotting, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. 1,2-DCP was applied to the dorsal skin and both ears of C57BL/6J mice. The thickness of ears and the epidermis increased significantly following treatment, and the appearance of blood vessels was observed in the dorsal skin. Additionally, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, which is tightly associated with neovascularization, increased significantly. The levels of protein kinase-B (PKB), phosphorylated PKB, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and phosphorylated mTOR, all of which are key components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/PKB/mTOR signaling pathway, were also enhanced. Taken together, 1,2-DCP induced angiogenesis in dermatitis through the PI3K/PKB/mTOR pathway in the skin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.916-921
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• 2019

In this study, we constructed a biological system that exhibited thermotolerance, ethanol tolerance, and increased ethanol productivity using a random mutagenesis method. We attempted to isolate a thermotolerant mutant using proofreading-deficient DNA polymerase ${\delta}$ and ${\varepsilon}$ encoded by the pol3 and pol2 genes, respectively, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To obtain mutants that could grow at high temperatures ($38^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$), random mutagenesis of AMY410 (pol2-4) and AMY126 (pol3-01) strains was induced. The parental strains (AMY410 and AMY126) grew poorly at temperatures higher than $38^{\circ}C$. By stepwise elevation of the incubation temperature, AMY410-Ht (heat tolerance) and AMY126-Ht strains that proliferated at $40^{\circ}C$ were obtained. These strains were further incubated in medium containing 6% and 8% ethanol and then AMY410-HEt (heat and ethanol tolerance) and AMY126-HEt strain with ethanol tolerance at an 8% ethanol concentration was obtained. The AMY126-HEt strain grew even at an ethanol concentration of 10%. Furthermore, following the addition of high concentrations of glucose (5% and 10%), an AMY126-HEt3 strain with increased ethanol productivity was isolated. This strain produced 24.7 g/l of ethanol (95% theoretical conversion yield) from 50 g/l of glucose. The findings demonstrate that a new biological system (yeast strain) showing various phenotypes can be easily and efficiently bred by random mutagenesis of a proofreading- deficient mutant.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.50
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• pp.97-138
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• 2016

This study presents the problems in the records management of special project teams at J University. Methods for the improvement plan were also proposed in this study. To achieve these objectives, five special project teams from J University, which were supported by the Ministry of Education, were selected. To collect relevant information, twelve staff members and experts were then interviewed. The records produced by the projects should be managed as evidence of the project evaluation and transparent budget execution. Proper management can be a good material for research. However, the management of project teams is vulnerable in comparison with the records of other universities. The main reason is that although the project team produces various types of records, it has not been recognized as the Department of Processing. Another reason is that the project teams are temporary institutions and do not possess authority over the entire project process. To solve the aforementioned problems, this study proposes improvement plans in the following aspects: institutional, cognitive, administrational, and systemic. In the institutional and cognitive aspects, policy and regulation were set up. In the administrational aspect, the relation and role of each element were defined. In conclusion, the plans for building the Combined Archives System were suggested. In addition the methods on how to connect with the KORUS-which will be introduced in 2017-and the system currently being used are proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.872-877
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• 2018

STEAM is an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics. It is considered important to equip students with a creative thinking ability and the core competences required in future society, helping them devise new ideas emerging from branches of study. This study is about the convergence of instructional design in private finance for the life sciences, which aims to foster talent through problem-based learning (PBL). Skills like collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving are part of any STEAM PBL, and are needed for students to be effective. STEAM projects give students a chance to problem-solve in unique ways, because they are forced to use a variety of methods to solve problems that pop up during these types of activities. The results of this study are as follows. First is the structured process of convergence lessons. Second is the convergence lesson process. Third is the development of problems in the introduction of private finance and the life sciences for a convergence lesson at Dornod University. Learning motivation shows the following results: understanding of learning content (66.6%), effectiveness (63.3%), self-directed learning (59.9%), motivation (63.2%), and confidence (63.3%). To make an effective model, studies applying this instructional design are to be implemented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2019

The International Labor Organization (ILO) selected fishing as the most dangerous group of jobs in the world, and it is well known in Korea as a 4D industry. Offshore large purse seine accounts for the largest portion of the fishing industry in the coastal region with high death rate and the accident rate. The repeated disaster rate survey by the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) shows offshore large purse seiner is the highest at 22.3 percent and coastal gill nets and offshore stow net are following at 12.4 percent and 11.9 percent in order. Therefore, risk factors occurring in offshore large purse seiners were analyzed based on data from the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC) for three years from 2015 to 2017 and 4M (Man, Machine, Media, Management) 3E (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) techniques were used to provide a safe fishing environment. The number of accidents on offshore large purse seiners each year was more than 150, and the number of accidents on every fishing boats was as high as 17 percent in 2015. If the accident rate and the risk level were divided by insurance, the accident resulting from contact with machinery was the highest, and the risk of a contact with gear was low but frequently occurring. This was caused by collisions and contact with gear in situations where death and disappearance risk are not high, and accident types in situations where death and loss risk are considered to be contact with machinery, falls or other accidents. Through these analysis techniques, the frequency and risk of each type of accident on a offshore large purse seiners can be demonstrated, and it is expected to raise awareness of a safer fishing environment and contribute to the reduction of accidents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.425-434
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• 2021

The discovery of the relationship between nutrients and deficiency diseases during the 100 years from the mid-1800s to the mid-1900s was a breakthrough that led to advances in the study of nutrition. The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) were created as a quantitative standard for avoiding diseases caused by nutrient deficiency. In addition, a reductionism paradigm has become generally accepted among nutrition scholars in health and disease, which focused on the properties of individual nutrients, content in foods, cellular levels, and mechanisms of action. The reductionist paradigm worked very well for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition diseases. However, as the incidence of nutrient deficiencies decreased and that of chronic diseases increased, the nutrition goals have been changed to secure safe and adequate nutrient intake and to reduce chronic disease risks. Accordingly, Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), a set of nutrient-based reference values, were designed to replace the RDA. The revised Korean DRIs were published for 40 nutrients in 2020. However, there is still room for improvement in the reference intake levels targeted at reducing the risk of chronic disease. The reductionist approach can no longer be practical because chronic diseases are related to the interactions between multi-components in the foods and multi-targets in the body. Therefore, a second innovative leap is needed following the nutrition development breakthrough made over 100 years ago. To this end, the nutrition paradigm must evolve from reductionism to a holism approach. Cutting-edge scientific technologies, such as metabolomics, transcriptomics, microbiomics, and bioinformatics, should also be acceptable in nutrition science based on the knowledge gained from basic nutrition studies.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2021

In horse management, the alarm system with sensors in the foaling period enables the breeder can appropriately prepare the time of the parturition. It is important to prevent losses by unpredictable parturition because there are several high risks such as dystocia and the death of foals and mares during foaling. However, unlike analysis in the alarm system that detects specific motions has been widely performed, analysis of classification following specific behavior patterns or number needs to be more organized. Thus, the objective of this study is to classify signs of the specific behaviors of the mares for the prediction of pre-foaling behaviors. Five Thoroughbred mares (9-20 yrs) were randomly selected for observation of the pre-foaling behaviors. The behaviors were monitored for 90 min that was divided into three different periods as 1) from -90 to -60 min, 2) from -60 to -30 min, 3) from -30 min to the time for the discharge of the amniotic fluid, respectively. The behaviors were divided into two different categories as state and frequent behaviors and each specific behavioral pattern for classification was individually described. In the state behaviors, the number of mares in the standing of the foaling group (3.17 ± 0.18^b) at period 3 was significantly higher than the control group (1.67 ± 0.46^a). In contrast, the number of the mares in the eating of the foaling group (1.17 ± 0.34^b) at period 3 was significantly lower than the control group (3.33 ± 0.46^a). In the frequent behaviors, the weaving of the foaling group was significantly higher than the control group, and looking at the belly of the foaling group was significantly lower than the control group. In period 2, defecation, weaving, and lowering the head of the foaling group were significantly higher than the control group, respectively. In period 3, sitting down and standing up, pawing, weaving, and lowering the head in the foaling group were also significantly higher than the control group. In conclusion, the behavior is significantly different in foaling periods, and the prediction of foaling may be feasible by the detection of the pre-foaling behaviors in the mares.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.676-683
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• 2019

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is widely used for strengthening the immune system and fighting fatigue, especially in people with deficiency syndrome. However, there is concern that the long-term application or a high dose of KRG can cause "fireness" (上火 in Chinese) because of its "dryness" (燥性 in Chinese). The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 4-week treatment with KRG in participants with deficiency syndrome. Methods: This was a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 180 Chinese participants were randomly allocated to three groups: placebo control group, participants were given a placebo, 3.6 g/d; KRG 1.8 g and 3.6 g groups. The primary outcomes were the changes in fireness and safety evaluation (adverse events, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram). The secondary outcomes were the efficacy of KRG on fatigue, which include the following: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scale and fatigue self-assessment scale. Results: Of the 180 patients, 174 completed the full study. After 4 weeks of KRG treatment, the Fire-heat symptoms score including Excess fire-heat score and Deficient fire-heat score showed no significant change as compared with placebo treatment, and no clinically significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Based on the TCM syndrome score and fatigue self-assessment score, TCM symptoms and fatigue were greatly improved after treatment with KRG, which showed a dose- and time-dependent effect. The total effective rate was also significantly increased in the KRG groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that KRG has a potent antifatigue effect without significant adverse effects in people with deficiency syndrome. Although a larger sample size and longer treatment may be required for a more definite conclusion, this clinical trial is the first to disprove the common conception of "fireness" related to KRG.