• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.531-541
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• 2014

본 연구는 제주도에 서식하는 쇠살모사의 생활사 전략을 밝히기 위하여 생식주기, 한배의 출산수 및 이에 미치는 요인을 조사하였다. 야외조사는 2006년 5월부터 2008년 11월까지 제주도 본섬에서 이루어졌으며, 생식주기는 2009년 3월에서 2010년 12월 사이에 실험실에서 정소와 난포의 크기를 측정하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 쇠살모사의 정소와 난포의 크기는 계절적으로 뚜렷하게 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 난관에 들어있는 알의 수는 오른쪽($2.6{\pm}1.0$개, n=16)이 왼쪽($1.8{\pm}0.5$개, n=16)보다 많았다(t=-2,721, p<0.05). 생존한 새끼의 수(SLS)는 $4.4{\pm}1.7$마리(1~9마리)로 총 새끼의 수(TLS) $4.7{\pm}1.5$마리(3~9마리)보다 약간 적었으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었고, 난관에 들어 있는 알의 수와도 유사하였다(t=0.039, P>0.05). 상대적인 새끼의 체중(RCM)은 $0.42{\pm}0.13$ (0.18~0.79, n=33)으로 나타났으며, 출산전 어미의 몸 상태(MCPP1)가 양호할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 출산시 새끼의 성비는 암수간 유의한 차이는 없었다(♂:♀ = 1.15:1, n=73 ; ${\chi}^2$-test, ${\chi}^2$=0.342, P>0.5). 한배 새끼의 체중은 출산전 어미의 체중(MMPP1, r=0.387, P<0.05, n=33)과, 몸길이는 어미의 몸길이(r=0.399, P<0.05, n=33) 및 MMPP1(r=0.344, P<0.05, n=33)과 약한 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 새끼의 평균 체중과 어미의 몸길이와는 유의확률에 근접하였다(r=0.323, P=0.067, n=33). 이것은 어미의 몸 크기가 클수록 더 큰 새끼를 낳을 수 있다는 것을 의미하는 것이다. 뱀에서 한배의 출산수가 많을수록 새끼의 체중이 감소하는 경우가 있으나 쇠살모사는 이러한 교환관계는 없는 것으로 나타나 종 고유의 특이성을 갖고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 쇠살모사의 생활사를 파악하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 여겨진다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2004

본 연구는 pFF, cysteine, ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol, 성선자극호르몬 등 여러 가지 체외성숙 촉진 물질이 첨가딘 성숙배양액에 EGF 첨가가 돼지 미성숙 난포란의 체외성숙에 효과적인지 또한 그 효가는 배양소적당 COC의 수에 영향을 받는지을 구명하고자 EGF의 첨가 유무와 배양소적당 COC수(50개 또는 15개)를 조합한 $2{\times}2$ 요인시험을 실시했다. 도축돼지의 난소에서 채취한 COCs를 각 처리별로 mNCSU-23 에서 성숙배양하고 mTBM에서 운동정자의 최종동도가 $1{\times}10^5$sperm/mL 의 농도로 체외수정한 다음 NCSU-23 에서 체외발달을 유도한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대조구와 EGF 첨가구에서 C4군의 COC 비율이 각각 41%dhk 82%로써 EGF 첨가가 난구세포의 팽화 정도를 크게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으나, 난핵포 붕괴율과 핵성숙율에서는 EGF 첨가 여부나 배양소적당 COC 수에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았고 두 요인간 상호작용도 없었다. 2. 정자 침투율, 웅성전핵 형성율 및 다정자수정 발생율에서도 EGF 첨가 여부나 배양소적당 COC 수에 따른 차이가 유의적인 것이 아니었고, 두 요인간 상호작용 역시 유의적이지 않았다. 3. 난분할율에서는 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 배반포 발달율, 배반포의 ICM 세포수, TE 세포수 및 총세포수에서는 EGF 첨가구가 모두 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.01). COC수에 따른 차이나 두 요인간 상호작용에서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 결과적으로 돼지 미성숙 난포란을 mNCSU-23에서 성숙배양할 때 10 ng/mL EGF 첨가는 성숙배양 단계에서 난구세포의 팽화를 더욱 심화시키고, 발달배양단계에서 배반포의 세포수와 배반포발달율을 증가시키는데 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2009

에스트로겐은 수컷과 암컷의 생식기관 내에서 구조적이고 기능적인 변화를 유발하지만 그 정확한 기작에 대하여는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 에스트로겐의 기능과 연관지어, 본 연구에서는 암컷 생식기관 내에서 에스트로겐 수용체 촉진제인 4,4',4"-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)tris phenol (PPT)의 작용을 확인하고자 하였다. 성체 암컷 마우스에 castor oil 0.06 mL에 PPT 3mg 농도로 희석한 용액을 1주일에 1회씩 3주, 5주, 8주 동안 각각 피하주사 하였으며, 대조군에는 castor oil 0.06 mL만을 투여하였다. 광학현미경을 이용하여 생식기관에 대한 PPT의 영향을 분석하였다. PPT에 의해 실험기간 동안 체중, 난소 및 지방조직의 무게가 감소되었다. PPT 투여군에서는 대조군에 비해 난소의 직경이 감소되었으며, 난소 내 그라프여포와 황체의 수도 감소되었다. 자궁의 경우, PPT에 의해 근육층과 내막층의 높이가 감소함에 따라 내강이 증가되었다. 또한 자궁샘의 수도 감소되었다. 이런 결과들로 볼 때 PPT에 의해 암컷 생식기관의 형태학적 변화가 유발되고 이로 인해 생식력에도 변화가 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is compare IVF cycle outcome in poor responders between clomiphene citrate (CC) stimulated and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocol. A total of 94 patients responding poorly in previous IVF cycles (estradiol<600 pg/ml or less than 3 oocytes retrieved) subsequently underwent either COH (COH group: 122 cycles, 68 patients) or CC-stimulated cycles (CC group: 43 cycles, 26 patients). CC was administered for five consecutive days starting on cycle day 3 at a dose of 100 mg daily. Serial transvaginal ultrasound examination was done from cycle day 8. Urine was collected $3\sim4$ times before hCG injection for the detection of LH surge. The hCG was administered when serum estradiol reached greater than 150 pg/ml and mean follicle diameter>16 mm. In COH group, ovarian stimulation was done using short protocol (GnRH-a/FSH/HMG/hCG). No difference in age or number of transferred embryos was found between CC group and COH group. COH group had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean peak level of $E_2$ ($810{\pm}112$ vs $412{\pm}55$ pg/ml) and greater number of retrieved oocytes ($3.0{\pm}0.2$ vs $2.0{\pm}0.2$) than CC group. CC group had transferred embryos $(1.8{\pm}0.2)$ compared with $(2.1{\pm}0.2)$ in COH group. However, CC group had higher pregnancy rate than COH group per retrieval [26.9% (7/26) vs 6.2% (6/97)], or per transfer [31.8% (7/22) vs 7% (6/86)]. Although cycle cancellation rate in CC group (48.8%) was higher than that of COH group (21.3%), the pregnancy rate per cycle in CC group was still higher (16.3%) than COH group (4.9%). In addition, implantation rate in CC group was 17.5% (7/40), which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than 3.9% (7/180) in COH group. These data suggest that oocyte and embryo quality are lower in COH cycles of poor responders than CC cycles. We suggest that clomiphene citrate stimulated IVF cycle may be more efficient than COH IVF cycle in poor responders in terms of lower costs and higher pregnancy performance.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the potential adverse effect of spontaneously decreasing serum estradiol (SE) levels on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Methods: This retrospective single-subject study analyzed IVF cycles conducted at a hospital IVF unit between 2010 and 2017. Overall, 2,417 cycles were analyzed. Only cycles with spontaneously decreasing SE before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) triggering were included. Each patient served as her own control, and subsequent cycles were analyzed for recurrent SE decreases. The main outcome was the number of oocytes retrieved. Results: Cycle characteristics were similar between the study (SE decrease) and control groups, with the exception of the median SE on the day of hCG triggering (899.7 pg/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 193-2,116 pg/mL vs. 1,566.8 pg/mL; IQR, 249-2,970 pg/mL; p< 0.001). The study group, relative to the control group, had significantly fewer total oocytes (5 [IQR, 2-9] vs. 7 [IQR, 3-11]; p= 0.002) and significantly fewer metaphase II (MII) oocytes (3 [IQR, 1-6] vs. 4 [IQR, 2-8]; p= 0.001) retrieved. The study group had fewer cleavage-stage embryos than the control cycles (3 [IQR, 1-6] vs. 4 [IQR, 2-7]; p= 0.012). Compared to cycles with a ≤ 20% SE decrease, cycles with a > 20% decrease had significantly fewer total and MII oocytes retrieved. SE decrease recurred in 12% of patients. Conclusion: A spontaneous decrease in SE levels adversely affected IVF outcomes, with a linear correlation between the percentage decrease and the number of oocytes retrieved. SE decrease can repeat in later cycles.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the effect of of transdermal testosterone gel (TTG) on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and IVF outcomes and ovarian morphology according to pretreatment duration in poor responders. A total of 120 women were recruited for this pilot study. They were randomized into control, 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks TTG treatment groups. For three TTG treatment groups, 12.5 mg TTG was applied daily for 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks in preceding period of study stimulation cycle. After 3 weeks of TTG pretreatment, significant increase of antral follicle count (AFC) and significant decreases of mean follicular diameter (MFD) and resistance index (RI) value of ovarian stromal artery were observed (p=0.026, p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). The total dose of rhFSH administered for COS significantly decreased after 3 and 4 weeks TTG treatment both compared with control group (p<0.001, p<0.001). The numbers of oocytes retrieved and mature oocytes were significanty higher in 3 and 4 weeks TTG treatment groups than control group (p<0.001, p<0.001 in the number of oocytes retrieved; p<0.001, p<0.001 in the number of mature oocytes). The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were increased only in 4 weeks TTG treatment group compared with control group (p=0.030 and p=0.042, respectively). These data demonstrated that TTG pretreatment for 3 to 4 weeks increases AFC and ovarian stromal blood flow, thereby potentially improving the ovarian response to COS and IVF outcome in poor responders undergoing IVF/ICSI.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.696-704
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• 2005

This experiment examined the effect of Samultang-gamibang (SGB) on hair growth in spontaneous alopecia areata C57BL/6N mice. We first investigated hair growth effect of SGB compare to control groups after apply to oral administration for 10 weeks and regional treatment in skin for last 4 weeks. We second investigated the number of hair follicle and mast cells after treatment of SGB in spontaneous alopecia areata C57BL/6N mice for 10 weeks. We third investigated immunoreactive density of neuropeptides in skin of spontaneous alopecia areata C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. The results were as follows : Hair growing effect of experimental group was observed from 7 weeks after administration of SGB (87.5%). In experimental group, the number of mast cells and eosinophils was significantly decreased compare to control group. Immunoreactive density of substance P and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in skin of experimental group was weakly stained in epidermis and subcutaneous tissue compare to control group. Immunoreactive density of CRF-receptor (CRF-R), CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP) in skin of experimental group was increased in epidermis, sebaceous gland, inner root sheath, outer root sheath and secondary hair germ epithelium compare to control group. These results suggest that SGB may be used in treatment of alopecia areata.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2008

Mylabris is the dried body of the chinese blister beetle. The species used in medicine are Mylabris phalerata and M. cichorii. In recent studies, it has been found that Mylabris possesses antitumor properties, increases the number of leukocytes, and has irritant effects on the urinary organs. The crude extracts of Mylabris have been noted for their highly irritant action and other traditional uses of Mylabris include treatment of poor local blood circulation. The active constituent of Mylabris is cantharidin. The chemical is notable for its vesicant properties, but with severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity. This experiment examined the effect of extracts and fractions, obtained from Mylabris phalerata Pall. on hair growth activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. First, we examined the effect of an extracts, obtained from the alcohol extracts of dried Mylabris phalerata Pall. on hair growth activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. Second, we examined on hair growth activity of the cantharidin fraction of Mylabris phalerata Pall. compared to the control and 1% minoxidil groups. Third, we investigated the number of hair follicle and mast cells after topical application of extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. to skin for 16 days. The results were as follows: Hair growth effect from the extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall.(0.312%) was observed in 80% of mice whose hair had been removed in 13 days. Hair growth effect from the extract of Mylabris phalerata Pall.(0.312 and 0.625%) and 1% minoxidil group was observed in 100% of mice whose hair had been clipped in 20 days. Hair growth effect from the cantharidin fraction(0.5%) and water fraction(0.5%) of Mylabris phalerata Pall. was observed in 100% of mice whose hair had been clipped in 24 days. The hair growth effect on the cantharidin fraction(0.125%) was observed to be strong compared with the minoxidil(3%) group, commercial hair growth agents, in mice whose hair had been clipped in 19 days. In the spontaneous alopecia mice model, the hair growth effect from the cantharidin fraction (0.125%) was observed to be strong as compared with the states before the 13 days experiment. These experiments suggest that extracts and fractions of Mylabris phalerata Pall. may stimulate the topical hair growth activity in low doses.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2000

본 연구는 한우에 있어서 초음파기기를 이용하여 반복적으로 생체내 난자를 회수시 난자회수에 미치는 영향과 시술후의 난소 유착과 같은 부작용을 조사하기 위하여 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 난포란의 채란빈도에 따른 채란수에서는 주 2회 시술시 난포수는 8.7$\pm$4.2개로 주 1회 시술의 10.2$\pm$6.1개보다 다소 적었으나 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았으며, 채란수도 각각 4.1$\pm$3.4개 및 4.3$\pm$2.9개로 유의적인 차이가 인정이 되지 않았다(P＜0.05). 2. 반복적으로 9회 난포란을 채란한 경우 40개의 난소중 8개 (20%)가 유착이 발생하였으며 1~3 채란시 3개 (37.5%), 4~6 채란시 4개 (50%) 7~9회 채란시 1개(12.5%)가 유착이 발생하였다. 3. 반복적인 난포란 채란후 난소의 유착 여부에 따른 공란우의 발정주기를 조사한 결과 난소 유착을 보인 공란우의 8두중 7두(87.5%) 25일 이상의 장발정주기를 보였으며, 유착이 일어나지 않은 12두 중 정상 발정주기는 6두(50.0%), 단 발정주기는 1두(8.3%), 장발정주기는 5두(41.7%)였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.239-249
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• 1999

The role of amino acids in culture media for IVF-ET was examined in a total of 76 cycles. Patients received clomiphene citrate (CC) followed by hMG or GnRH-a combined with gonadotropins (FSH/hMG) for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Severe male (<$4{\times}10^6$ motile sperm) or age factor (>39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. No significant differences were found in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, the level of $E_2$ on the day of hCG injection, the mean number of oocytes retrieved, total motile sperm count, fertilization rate and the mean number of embryos transferred between bHTF (without amino acids) and mHTF (with amino acids) groups. However, total ampules of gonadotropins were higher (p<0.01) in mHTF group than bHTF group. Significantly (p<0.05) more clinical pregnancies were recorded in mHTF group (13/30) compared with bHTF group (9/46). The multiple pregnancy rates were 11.1% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF group. There were one ectopic pregnancy in mHTF group and one heterotopic pregnancy in bHTF group. Abortion rates were 22.2% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF, respectively. The ongoing pregnancy or livebirth rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mHTF group (12/30) than bHTF group (7/46). These results suggest that the addition of amino acids in culture media is essential for culture of zygotes in vitro and adjustment of energy substrates in phosphate-free culture media appears to be beneficial for human IVF-ET procedure.