• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to comparison clinical applied versus theoretical fitness on axillary crutch in human stance phase. Ideal crutch length is defined as the length of the crutch, including accessories, obtained during stance when the crutch tip is 15 cm(about 6inch) lateral and 15 cm(about 6 inch) anterior to the fifth toe and the axillary pad is 5 cm(about 2 inch) below the axillay fold. The participations(volunteers) were 71 inpatients(53 men and 18 women) who have orthopedic and neurological impairment on unilateral and/or bilateral lower extrimities, and mean age was 31.4 year old. Prior to participation, each subject informed the procedures of experiment from researcher and assistant researcher. This measured for axillary crutch using each of the following aspects : (1) length of actual using crutch, (2) length of axillary fold after modified(77% of actual height), (3) angle of elbow flexion after modified(77% of actual height). In order to determine the statistical significance of result, t-test were applied at the 0.05 level of significance. The result were as follows ; 1. There was significant difference between actual crutch and ideal crutch length(77% of actual height)(p<0.05). 2. There was significant difference of length of axillary fold between actual and ideal crutch (77% of actual height)(p<0.05). 3. There was significant difference of angle of elbow flexion between actual and ideal crutch(77% of actual height)(p<0.05).

• 암석학회지
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• 제11권3_4호
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• pp.234-249
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• 2002

옥천변성대의 중북부에 위치하는 미원-보은지역은 주로 규암(미동산층), 변성 탄산염질암(대향산층 화전리층), 변성사질암(운교리층). 변성이질암(문주리층), 변성역질암(황강리층) 등으로 구성된 옥천누층군과 이를 관입하는 중생대 청주 및 보은 화강암류로 구성되어 있다. 이들 옥천누층군은 북동 방향의 대상 분포를 보이고 이들의 방향성은 남북 내지 북서 방향의 고각 단층 주변부에서 국부적으로 남북 내지 동서 방향으로 변화한다. 미원-보은지역 옥천누층군에 대한 변형단계별 암석구조를 연구한 결과, 이 지역에 분포하는 옥천누층군의 지질구조는 적어도 네 번의 변형단계를 걸쳐 형성되었음을 알게 되었다. (1) 첫 번째 변형은 상부-남동-이동의 연성 전단변형작용 하에서 발생하여 칼집습곡 내지 A형 습곡, 비대칭 등사습곡, 북서-남동 방향의 신장선구조를 형성시켰다. (2) 두 번째 변형은 북서-남동 방향의 압축작용 하에서 발생하여 그 전기 단계에는 준 수평적인 습곡축을 갖는 북동 방향의 밀착된 직저습곡을 형성시켰고, 그 후기 단계에는 상부-남동-이동의 반취성 충상단층(구룡산 충상단층)과 이에 수반된 뱀-머리 습곡을 형성시켰다 (3) 세 번째 변형은 지각두께의 팽창화와 중력적 불안정에 기인하는 중력적 내지 신장성 붕괴작용에 의해 발생하여 준 수평적인 습곡축을 갖는 횡와 개방습곡을 형성시켰다. (4) 네 번째 변형은 고각 단층운동과 관련하여 중침강, 급경사의 킹크습곡을 형성시켰으며, 고각 단층의 주변부에서 북동 방향의 광역 엽리가 국부적으로 남북 내지 동서 방향으로 변화함은 네 번째 변형과 밀접한 관련성이 있다. 지질, 변성진화과정, 광물화학 그리고 지구조적 환경은 백동-홍성 지역이 산둥반도 수루 충돌대의 연장선일 가능성이 높음을 지시한다. 하지만 백동지역의 변성염기성암으로부터 얻어진 전암-석류석 Sm-Nd 연령인 268.7~297.9 Ma는 중국의 다비-수루 충돌대에서 인지되는 초고압변성작용 시기인 208~245 Ma보다 오래되었다. 이는 Sino-Korea 판과 Yangtz 판의 충돌이 중국보다 한반도에서 먼저 일어났을 가능성을 지시한다. $\mu\textrm{m}$가 얇게 나타났는데, 이와 같은 결과는 호분층의 두께는 현미의 크기에 일부 영향을 받는 것으로 여겨진다. 두꺼운 호분층.작은립 F$_2$ 개체에 현미의 표현형은 TAL 214과 같은 작은립의 표현형을 보인 것으로 여겨진다. 4. 지질함량의 경우는 3.85 %로 각각의 교배모본 TAL 214 2.92 %, LO 1050 3.01 %에 비하여 0.93 %, 0.84 %가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는LO 1050의 호분층에 의한 영향으로 여겨지며, 현미의 배의 크기는 LO 1050 만큼 크지는 않아도 두꺼운 호분층의 유전자 집적의 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 지질함량이 상승시키는데도 이와 같은 유전자 집적의 효과가 유효할 것으로 여겨진다. 5. 지방산 조성은 있어서는 품종인 Kinmaze와 각각의 교배모본의 계통과 이 들 F$_2$ 개체에는 그 차이가 유의성을 보일 정도는 아니였다. 그러나, oleic acid의 일부 증가와 linoleic acid의 미미한 감소되는 경향을

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.4.1-4.7
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• 2017

Background: This study is a quantitative evaluation of the influence of the mentolabial angle on perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery. Methods: The mentolabial angle of an idealized silhouette male Caucasian profile image was altered incrementally between $84^{\circ}$ and $162^{\circ}$. Images were rated on a Likert scale by pretreatment orthognathic patients (n = 75), lay people (n = 75) and clinicians (n = 35). Results: A mentolabial angle of approximately $107^{\circ}$ to $118^{\circ}$ was deemed the most attractive, with a range of up to $140^{\circ}$ deemed acceptable. Angles above or below this range were perceived as unattractive, and anything outside the range of below $98^{\circ}$ or above $162^{\circ}$ was deemed very unattractive. A deep mentolabial angle ($84^{\circ}$) or an almost flat angle ($162^{\circ}$) was deemed the least attractive. In terms of threshold values of desire for surgery, for all groups, a threshold value of ${\geq}162^{\circ}$ and ${\leq}84^{\circ}$ indicated a preference for surgery, although clinicians were least likely to suggest surgery. The clinician group was the most consistent, and for many of the images, there was some variation in agreement between clinicians and lay people as to whether surgery is required. There was even more variability in the assessments for the patient group. Conclusions: It is recommended that in orthognathic and genioplasty planning, the range of normal variability of the mentolabial angle, in terms of observer acceptance, is taken into account as well as threshold values of desire for surgery. The importance of using patients as observers in attractiveness research is stressed.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.787-798
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was three-fold: i) to investigate the degree of asymmetry in Angle's Class III malocclusion patients and normal adults; ii) to determine the nature of difference existed between two groups; and iii) to investigate the correlationship between the degree of asymmetry and ANB and overbite in Angle's Class III malocclusion patients. The subjects consisted of 25 Angle's Class III malocclusion patients and 25 normal adults and the mean ages were 22.0 and 24.5 years, respectively. Their posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms were traced and analysed with three-dimensional approach. The results were as follows: 1. Asymmetry of Angle's Class III malocclusion group was significant in all regions except cranial base. Their horizontal asymmetry was seen in mandibular angle, maxillary and mandibular 1st molar, mandibular midline and menton. Vertical asymmetry was observed in maxillary 1st molar and mandibular shape and anteroposterior asymmetry in mandibular angle. 2. Nine variables indicating asymmetry were selected and each variable had similar discriminant score. 3. There was a little correlationship between An and asymmetric variable(MSR-B6) and its correlation coefficients was 0.3564. 4. There was no significant correlationship between overbite and asymmetric variables.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

The structure of the title compound has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction work. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group $Pna2_1$ with a=11.095(3), b=21.834(7), c=12.574(4) $\AA$, and R1=0.0667. The average carbon bond length in aromaticity In the molecule is 1.386(1) $\AA$ and the average single bond length linking the central benEene ring and peripheral phenyl rings is 1.491(3) $\AA$. The average dihedral angle between the central benzene ring and each of six peripheral phenyl rings is $67.1(1)^{\circ}$ and the average dihedral angle between neighboring two phenyl rings is $55.0(1)^{\circ}$. Thus the molecule adopts a quasi-propeller configuration with approximate six-fold rotation symmetry.

• 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.157-177
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• 1998

An electroglottography (EGG) was used to investigate the function of the vocal folds during their vibration. In this study, four Korean native speakers and 10 vocal polyp patients were selected. To investigate the dynamic change of EGG waveforms for the three-way distinction of Korean stops, a DSP-Sona graph model 5500, a Rino- Laryngeal stroboscope, a CSL model 4300B and a Laryngograph were used. An EGG Model 4338 was used to exam the vocal polyp of patients' voices during high, low, comfortable pitch production. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Korean stop consonants in relation to pitch and to observe laryngeal movement during vocal fold vibration and speech production. The basic data accumulated during this research can be applied in clinical treatment. The results are as follows: on the Korean stop consonants, the aspirated stop is the highest in the GOT and PC1. On the angle of vowel contour, the angle of lenis is smaller than the angle of heavily aspirated and glottalized stops. The fundamental frequency is lowest at the lenis stop, In vocal polyp patients', the low pitch range is smaller than in normal speakers'. The pitch break and the vocal fry were observed. The jitter and OQ value are higher in vocal polyp patients than in those of normal speakers'.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.8
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• 2023

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness, and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type. Due to inadequate diagnosis, treatment is often not administered until symptoms occur. Hence, approaches enabling earlier prediction or diagnosis of POAG are necessary. We aimed to identify novel drugs for glaucoma through bioinformatics and network analysis. Data from 36 samples, obtained from the trabecular meshwork of healthy individuals and patients with POAG, were acquired from a dataset. Next, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. In both stages, the genes were enriched by studying the critical biological processes and pathways related to POAG. Finally, a drug-gene network was constructed, and novel drugs for POAG treatment were proposed. Genes with p < 0.01 and |log fold change| > 0.3 (1,350 genes) were considered DEGs and utilized to construct a PPI network. Enrichment analysis yielded several key pathways that were upregulated or downregulated. For example, extracellular matrix organization, the immune system, neutrophil degranulation, and cytokine signaling were upregulated among immune pathways, while signal transduction, the immune system, extracellular matrix organization, and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling were downregulated. Finally, novel drugs including metformin hydrochloride, ixazomib citrate, and cisplatin warrant further analysis of their potential roles in POAG treatment. The candidate drugs identified in this computational analysis require in vitro and in vivo validation to confirm their effectiveness in POAG treatment. This may pave the way for understanding life-threatening disorders such as cancer.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2014

This study is aimed to analyze the three-dimensional underwater irradiance using an optical simulation software and to clarify the propriety and operation method under considering luminous intensity distribution of the luring lamp and penetrability in the seawater, when we use the light diffuser type 300W high powered LED and the metal halide lamp (MHL) on a coastal squid jigging vessel in the 10-ton class, simultaneously. For their attenuation characteristics of each wavelength in relation to the sea, LED lamp was to be effective in the 1.9-fold at 50 m depth and 2.1-fold at 80 m for underwater irradiance more than MHL according to the power consumption. In addition, the underwater irradiance distribution using the LED and MHL combination was rather increased even when reducing total power usage up to 20% depending on the simulation with changing the configuration and lighting angle of the lamp. These results can be utilized as an evaluation method of the operation and performance of the LED lamp according to adjusting its arrangement and lighting angle.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.218-228
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• 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of physical changes on MR temperature imaging at 7.0T and to examine proton-resonance-frequency related changes of MR phase images and T1 related changes of MR magnitude images, which are obtained for MR thermometry at various magnetic field strengths. Materials and Methods: An MR-compatible capacitive-coupled radio-frequency hyperthermia system was implemented for heating a phantom and swine muscle tissue, which can be used for both 7.0T and 3.0T MRI. To determine the effect of flip angle correction on T1-based MR thermometry, proton resonance frequency, apparent T1, actual flip angle, and T1 images were obtained. For this purpose, three types of imaging sequences are used, namely, T1-weighted fast field echo with variable flip angle method, dual repetition time method, and variable flip angle method with radio-frequency field nonuniformity correction. Results: Signal-to-noise ratio of the proton resonance frequency shift-based temperature images obtained at 7.0T was five-fold higher than that at 3.0T. The T1 value increases with increasing temperature at both 3.0T and 7.0T. However, temperature measurement using apparent T1-based MR thermometry results in bias and error because B1 varies with temperature. After correcting for the effect of B1 changes, our experimental results confirmed that the calculated T1 increases with increasing temperature both at 3.0T and 7.0T. Conclusion: This study suggests that the temperature-induced flip angle variations need to be considered for accurate temperature measurements in T1-based MR thermometry.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2010

연구목적: 본 연구는 감염 조절용 차단막을 여러 겹으로 사용했을 때 광중합기의 광강도와 파장, light diffusion 등에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 감염 조절용 차단막은 투명 랩 (크린랩)을 사용하였고 광중합기는 할로겐 광중합기 (Optilux 360)와 LED 광중합기 (Elipar FreeLight 2)를 사용하였다. 차단막을 1겹, 2겹, 4겹, 8겹으로 광중합기의 광섬유말단을 감싸고 휴대용 광강도 측정기 (Cure Rite)로 광중합기의 광강도를 측정하였다. 광중합기를 주문제작한 optical breadboard에 고정시킨 후 휴대용 spectroradiometer (CS-1000)를 이용하여 광중합기의 파장을 측정하였고, DSLR (Nikon D70s)을 이용하여 광중합기의 light diffusion을 사진 촬영하였다. 결과: 광강도 측정 결과는 차단막의 두께가 증가할수록 광강도가 유의하게 감소하였으나 할로겐 광중합기에서 1겹과 2겹 사이에는 유의차가 없었으며, 4겹 이상의 차단막을 투과할 때 광강도가 더 많이 감소하였다. 여러 겹의 차단막을 투과한 광중합기의 전체적인 파장 형태와 peak wavelength의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. Light diffusion 사진 촬영 시, LED 광중합기에서는 차단막의 두께가 미치는 영향이 없었으나 할로겐 광중합기에서는 차단막을 4겹 사용했을 때부터 중합광이 조사되는 각도가 감소하기 시작하여 8겹 사용했을 때 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있었다 (p < 0.05). 결론: 광중합형 복합레진을 광중합할 경우 감염 조절용 차단막이 찢어지는 경우를 대비하여 1겹으로 사용하기 보다는 2겹으로 사용하는 것이 환자간의 교차감염을 예방하는데 유리할 것으로 사료된다.