• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.427-438
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• 1996

The suitability of female cattle ($Brahman{\times}Holstein$) and buffaloes (Murrah / Jafarabadi) for work on a sugarcane crusher was tested. The animals were fed chopped sugarcane tops and elephant grass supplemented with rice bran and urea-molasses blocks. In experiment 1, six cattle and six buffaloes, (with three animals seven to eight months pregnant at the start of the experiment in each group), worked individually, alternate weeks for 90 minutes a day for 6 d/week. Within the 90 min, cattle did more work than buffaloes (p < 0.05), and non-pregnant animals did more than pregnant animals, but cattle crushed significantly (p < 0.05) more cane per day than buffaloes. During work animals lost weight, but gained the weight back during resting weeks, when fodder intakes were higher. There were no significant differences in live weight change and fodder intakes between pregnant and non-pregnant animals during the six weeks. In experiment 2, four pairs of lactating cows and buffaloes crushed sugarcane for 3 h/d, 6 d/week for three weeks. Work done was higher in cattle than buffaloes, but cane crushed was marginally lower. All animals lost weight during work, particularly in the first week, but gained weight during the week after work. Daily milk yield was lower during the working weeks ($-0.55{\pm}0.15kg$) than in the week before work. Butter fat yield showed no significant change. One buffalo showed ovarian activity and oestrus behaviour during the work. Two cows showed ovarian activity within one month after the work. It was concluded that pregnant and lactating cows and buffaloes can effectively operate a cane crusher, however a temporary reduction in milk yield can be expected in the working period, and ovarian activity may be suppressed.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.396-399
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• 1989

본 시험에서는 일반숙전과 신개간지 토양에서 비료 증시용이 진주조의 생산성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수원 ,청주, 전주, 진주 및 북제주에서 1986∼'88년 시험한 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 질소시용량이 증가함에 따라사 초장, 청예수량, 및 단백질함량이 증가하였다. N30kg/10a까지는 도복이 많이 되었다. 초고가 1m 이상되고 일기가 불순하여 도복이 우려되면 지표면에서부터 20cm 남기고 예취하는 것이 바람직하였다. 2. 일반숙전토양에서 N45∼60kg/10a 구에서 평균 청예수량 12.7∼13.4t/10a이 생산되어 가장 증수되었다. 인산, 가리비료의 증시효과도 있었다. 특히 가리사료의 증시효과가 컸다. 3. 신개간지 토양에서도 개양식 배비구(60-60-40-4000kg/10a)에서 청예수량 12.6t/10a이 생산되어 표준비구에 비하여 38％ 증수되었다, 진주조 청예수량이 수수류나 옥수수에 비하여 월등히 증수되었다. 4. 청예용 식물체의 조단백질함량도 진주조 1회 예취에서 11.8％, 4회예취 평균 16.1％로 월등히 높았다. 소화율도 57.6∼63.4％로 옥수수 46.3％, 수수/수단그라스 47.3∼57.6％에 비하여 높았다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1989년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.88-89
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• 1989

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1988

진주조가 우리나라 자연환경조건에서 재배될 때의 생산성과 사료가치를 조, 기장, 옥수수, 수수/수단그라스 교잡종과 비교, 분석하기 위하여 1985∼86년에 수원 작물시험장 전작포장에 파종, 시험한 결과를 다음과 같이 종합, 요약하여 보고한다. 1. 진주조는 26품종 평균 청취수량이 10.7∼12.8t/10a 생산되어 조, 기장, 옥수수에 비하여 월등히 다수확되었다. 옥수수는 조와 기장에 비하여 증수되었고 기장은 조에 비하여 청취 및 건물수량이 높았다. 2. 진주조 우량교잡종 수원 001는 3회 예취한 청예수량이 14.9t/10a로 옥수수 6.6t/ 10a, 수수/수단그라스 교잡종 9.5t/10a에 비하여 월등히 증수되었다. 엽면적지수도 3회 예취시 합계 32.4로 옥수수 5.8, 수수/수단그라스 20.8에 비하여 월등히 높았다. 조단백질함량에서도 진주조의 종실에서는 16.3%로 옥수수와 수수/수단그라스에 비하여 6∼5% 높았다. 청예용 식물체의 조단백질함량도 진주조 1회 11.8%, 4회 예취에서 평균 16.1 %로 월등히 높았다. 조지방함량도 진주조 종실 3.8% 옥수수와 수수/수단그라스에 비하여 약간 높았으나 청예용 식물체에서는 1.3∼1.4%로 옥수수와 비슷하였고 수수/수단그라스보다는 약간 낮았다. 종실의 조섬유함량은 진주조가 1.9%로 옥수수 2.6%, 수수/수단그라스 4.3%에 비하여 월등히 낮았다. 청예용 식물체의 조섬유함량은 진주조 24.4∼26.8%로 옥수수보다 낮았으나 수수/수단그라스와는 비슷하였다. 조회분은 진주조 종실에 2.4%, 청예용 식물체에 10.8∼11.6% 함유되어 있었으며 옥수수와 수수/수단그라스와 큰 차이가 없었다. 소비율도 진주조가 57.6∼63.4%로 옥수수 46.3%, 수수/수단그라스 47.3∼57.6%에 비하여 높았다. 3. 질소증시에 따라 진주조 자식계통 T 186의 청예수량이 증가되었다. 식물체의 조단백질함량은 N0∼10kg/10a구에서 5.2∼5.0%, N 20∼40kg/10a구에서 8.9∼8.4%. N 60kg/10a구에서 12.4%로 증가되었으나 조지방함량은 질소증시에 따라서 감소되는 경향이었다. 조섬유함량은 27.7∼30.5%로 질소증시에 따른 일정한 경향이 없었고 조회분함량은 낮아지는 경향이었다. 소화율은 N0∼10kg/10a구의 49.4∼49.7%에 비하여 N20∼30kg/10a구에서는 56.6∼60.9 %로 증가하였으며 N40∼60kg/10a구는 50.2∼55.0%로 약간 낮아졌다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1988

This study was conducted to determine the effects of cutting frequency and cutting height on agronomic characteristics and yield performance of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, cv. Pioneer 855 F on the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station, Suweon. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The relative contribution of leaf component to total yield was higher when the plants were cut frequently rather than when defoliated only a few times, and tend to be higher with high cutting. 2. Leaf Area Index (LAI) was the highest at the primary growth of two cutting times scheme and the first regrowth for three or four cutting times a year, but LAI, in general, was not related to cutting height. 3. Crop Growth Rate was the heighest at the first regrowth-plants grown in summer, and it was also related to the amount of stubble left at the previous cut. 4. Dead stubbles were not occurred when plants were cut before heading, but those were accompanied by the frequent and low cutting. 5. Total fresh fodder and dry matter yield were the highest at two times cut a year, and decreased with frequent cutting. The optimum cutting height at two times cut was ca. lOCm height stubble from the ground level, but yield increased with higher level cutting at the three or four times cut a year.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1278-1287
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• 2002

To record the prevalence of macro-minerals deficiency in buffaloes, a survey was conducted in certain parts of Northern India. The prevalence of soil Ca, P, Mg, Na, P and K deficiency was 21.35%, 23.30%, 28.64%, 3.61% and 6.84%, respectively while that of fodder Ca, P, Mg, Na and K deficiency was 13.88%, 16.55%, 19.72%, 3.54% and 4.86%, respectively. The overall prevalence of serum (buffalo) Ca, P, Mg, Na and K deficiency in certain parts of northern India was 25.48%, 24.66%, 24.36%, 4.42% and 3.28%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K in soil, fodder and serum was significant and in most of the cases the values were above 0.6. The highest deficiency of macro-minerals i.e. Ca, P, Mg, Na and K was found in plain regions, followed by Tarai (foot hill of Himalayas) region and finally the hilly region. For therapeutic studies, three types of mineral mixture were prepared according to deficiency obtained and fed to three groups of deficient animals. Observations were recorded on 0, 30, 60 and 75 day. In group A animals normal mineral mixture was provided, where as in group C and D 10% and 25% more of Ca, P, Mg were provided, respectively. There was an increase in body weight, milk yield, haemoglobin concentration, and total erythrocyte count. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase in group D animals. There was a decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate and alkaline phosphatase in group D animal after mineral supplement. Thus showing the efficacy when supplements 3 provided to group D animals.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 1998

This research was carried out to determine the sowing rate and row distance in Edirne province of Thrace Region in 1993 season. According to the results of some important characteristics of sorghum and their interactions were statistically significant. In Havsa and Uzunk'opr& the plant height were 70.36 and 95.28cm respectively, within each sowing rate were not significant. Number of tiller were not significant in distance and individual location Increasing the sowing rate kom I to 3 kg/da and the location Havsa and Umnkoprii resulted in significant stem diameter variation. Variation in 6-esh fodder yield has been found significant in row distance sowing rate and location 1 kglda seed rate with 30 cm row distance together are recommended to the farmer community to obtain the optimum profit.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2006

Twenty small-scale farms of two villages (A and B) were surveyed to identify the feeding traits, milk productivity and nutritional status of lactating cattle and buffalo in Terai, Nepal. Constituents and dry matter (DM) of feed supplied, body condition score (BCS), heart girth (HG), bodyweight (BW), milk yield (MY) and plasma metabolites were obtained in the pasture-sufficient, pasture-decreasing and fodder-shortage periods. Milk yield of 305-day lactation was estimated by the daily MY. The supplies of rice straw and native grass were lower and higher in the pasture-sufficient period than in the other periods, respectively (5.5 kg/day vs. 9.8 kg/day and 3.2 kg/day vs. 0.4 kg/day, respectively, p<0.01). The roughage-supplement rates of the animals were higher in village A than in village B (5.0 vs. 2.2 in cattle and 9.3 vs. 1.8 in buffalo, p<0.01). The variance of feed constituents among the periods and between the villages induced different supplies of CP, NDF and TDN. The concentrations of CP and TDN in the cattle feed were higher in the pasture-sufficient period than in the other periods (9.1% vs. 7.3% and 57.4% vs. 51.0%, respectively, p<0.01). The supplies of CP for cattle and buffalo, and of TDN for buffalo were lower in village A than in village B (7.5% vs. 8.7% and 6.6% vs. 9.1% [p<0.01], and 53.1% vs. 56.2% [p<0.05], respectively). The BCS, HG and BW of the animals were lower in village A than in village B (2.51 vs. 2.86, 156 cm vs. 170 cm and 300 kg vs. 318 kg, respectively in cattle, 2.83 vs. 4.00, 186 cm vs. 216 cm and 429 kg vs. 531 kg, respectively in buffalo, p<0.01). The cattle yielded more milk in the pasture-sufficient period than in the other periods (7.9 liters/day vs. 6.6 liters/day, p<0.01). The 305-day MY of cattle that calved in the fodder-shortage period was lower than that of cattle that calved in the other periods (1,900 liters vs. 2,251 liters, p<0.01). The MYs of cattle and buffalo were lower in village A than in village B (6.2 liters/day vs. 8.1 liters/day and 3.7 liters/day vs. 7.7 liters/day, respectively, p<0.01). The 305-day MY of cattle was lower in village A than in village B (1,935 liters vs. 2,409 liters, p<0.01). The concentrations of plasma albumin and urea nitrogen in cattle were lower in village A than in village B (3.2 g/dl vs. 3.4 g/dl [p<0.01] and 7.4 mg/dl vs. 10.2 mg/dl [p<0.05], respectively). The different supplies of CP, NDF and TDN among the periods and between the villages might have affected MY and nutritional status in cattle and buffalo. It was likely that the lower supplies of CP and TDN for cattle that calved in the fodder-shortage period and in village A lowered the 305-day MY of cattle.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.40-42
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition their and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.