• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 육상양식장에서 배출되는 부산물의 자원화 방안으로 뱀장어 양식장에서 배출되는 고형오물에 미강, 탈지대두박과 같은 식품 부산물을 첨가하여 유산균, 황국균, 고초균을 단계적으로 접종하여 발효시킨 발효사료의 성분 변화를 측정하였다. 발효사료의 제조 단계별 수분함량은 유산균을 이용한 1단 발효물 14.6%, 황국균과 고초균을 이용한 2단, 3단 발효물은 각각 33.0%와 34.0% 였다. pH는 1단 발효물에서는 유산균에 의한 젖산의 분비로 인해 5.38로 나타났으며 2단, 3단 발효물은 각 5.66과 7.26으로 측정되어 pH가 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 피트산의 함량은 1단 발효물은 0.126g/100g, 2단 발효물은 0.004g/100g, 3단 발효물은 0.093g/100g으로 나타나는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 질소 함량을 측정한 결과 아미노태질소 함량은 2단 발효물이 1226.37mg%로 높았고, 3단 발효물에서 710.18mg%로 다소 감소하였으며, 암모니아태질소 함량은 1단 발효물 0.988mg/kg에서 3단 발효물 1.502mg/kg로 증가되었다. 총질소 함량은 1단 발효물 2.78%와 2단 발효물 4.08% 그리고 3단 발효물 4.85%로 증가되었다. 3가지 미생물로 연속적인 발효가 진행될수록 피트산은 감소하고 단백질 분해율이 높아지는 경향이 나타났고 3단 발효에 의해 저분자 질소성분 함량이 증가한 것으로 미루어 소화 흡수성이 높은 사료화가 진행됨을 추측할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1715-1720
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• 2005

Two promising varieties of forage sorghum viz. HD-15 and J. Sel-10 were identified for their higher forage yield (350-400 quintals per hectare) compared to traditional/existing variety, HC-136 at Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi. Silage of these three forage sorghum varieties viz., HD-15, J.Sel-10 and HC-136 were prepared in three concrete silos for their nutritional evaluation in sheep. Twelve adult Muzaffarnagari Ewes, divided into three equal groups of 4 each, were offered a particular variety of sorghum silage ad libitum over a period of 30 days followed by a 6 day metabolism trial and a collection of rumen liquor and blood samples. The HD-15 variety of forage sorghum silage contained higher crude protein (CP) than both the J.Sel-10 and HC-136. Average daily dry matter (DM) intake (% of live weight) differed significantly (p<0.05) in sheep that were fed the different varieties of silage, with the maximum amount in HD-15 (2.55) followed by J.Sel-10 (2.49) and HC-136 (1.84). The average apparent digestibility of all the nutrients was low in the sheep that were fed the HC-136 variety of sorghum silage when compared to both HD-15 and J.Sel-10. However, digestibility of organic matter (p<0.05) and crude protein (p<0.01) was significantly low in the HC-136 variety. The average daily nitrogen retention was-0.19, 2.15 and 0.42 g in HC-136, HD-15 and J.Sel-10, respectively which differed significantly (p<0.01). The average digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents (%) of the silage varieties were higher in HD-15 (3.14 and 55.3) than HC-136 (0.25 and 58.6) and J.Sel-10 (1.58 and 55.3) varieties. On comparing to the maintenance requirements (ICAR, 1985) for dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, both the improved varieties (HD-15 and J.Sel-10) almost met the requirements except crude protein, which met only 73.3% of the requirement by J.Sel-10, while the HC-136 variety was unable to meet the requirements. The average rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids concentrations were comparable among the groups. However, concentrations of nitrogen metabolites were higher in the animals fed the HD-15 variety of silage. Varieties of sorghum silage also did not have any influence on the concentration of the blood metabolites. It was concluded that the HD-15 variety of sorghum silage was nutritionally superior to both J.Sel-10 and HC-136 silage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2020

Barley is an important cereal gain which is traditionally used in some nations of Asia and North Africa, and there has been growing interest in using barley as an ingredient in food due to their nutritional value and high content of phyto-constituents. However, no study report on comparative feed value between sprouted barley, cornflake and alfalfa hay. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, amino acid profile and mineral content of 6 day sprouted barley fodder (SBF) compared with cornflake and alfalfa hay using by AOAC method, as an alternative feed ingredient. Results showed that SBF had higher content of crude protein, acid detergent insoluble crude proteins and neutral detergent insoluble crude protein than alfalfa hay and cornflake; cornflake had higher crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber content than SBF and alfalfa hay; alfalfa hay had higher crude fiber, crude ash, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and lignin level than SBF and cornflake. Also, significant differences were found on amino acid content among them (p<0.01). The most abundant amino acid in SBF was glutamate (123 g/kg DM), which is higher than in alfalfa hay (1.27%) or cornflake (1.58%). However, methionine (1.33%) and cysteine (1.53%) were the least abundant amino acids in SBF compared with cornflake or alfalfa hay. Furthermore, our study results exhibited that SBE comprise a good sources of minerals including ferrous (90.01 mg/kg) followed by zinc (20.50 mg/kg), magnesium (0.20 mg/kg) and sodium (0.03 mg/kg) as compared to cornflake and alfalfa hay. The present research findings, confirmed that the nutritional values of SBF are comparable to those of cornflake and alfalfa hay. Hence, SBF can be a better alternative feed ingredient for cornflake or alfalfa hay. However, feeding trials will be required to determine acceptability of SBF for ruminant production.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.396-399
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• 1989

본 시험에서는 일반숙전과 신개간지 토양에서 비료 증시용이 진주조의 생산성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수원 ,청주, 전주, 진주 및 북제주에서 1986∼'88년 시험한 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 질소시용량이 증가함에 따라사 초장, 청예수량, 및 단백질함량이 증가하였다. N30kg/10a까지는 도복이 많이 되었다. 초고가 1m 이상되고 일기가 불순하여 도복이 우려되면 지표면에서부터 20cm 남기고 예취하는 것이 바람직하였다. 2. 일반숙전토양에서 N45∼60kg/10a 구에서 평균 청예수량 12.7∼13.4t/10a이 생산되어 가장 증수되었다. 인산, 가리비료의 증시효과도 있었다. 특히 가리사료의 증시효과가 컸다. 3. 신개간지 토양에서도 개양식 배비구(60-60-40-4000kg/10a)에서 청예수량 12.6t/10a이 생산되어 표준비구에 비하여 38％ 증수되었다, 진주조 청예수량이 수수류나 옥수수에 비하여 월등히 증수되었다. 4. 청예용 식물체의 조단백질함량도 진주조 1회 예취에서 11.8％, 4회예취 평균 16.1％로 월등히 높았다. 소화율도 57.6∼63.4％로 옥수수 46.3％, 수수/수단그라스 47.3∼57.6％에 비하여 높았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2016

The objective was to evaluate the effect of fodder tree species (FTS) with condensed tannin contents: Cordia elaeagnoides, Platymiscium lasiocarpum, Vitex mollis, and Haematoxylon brasiletto, on in vitro methane ($CH_4$) production at 24 h post incubation. The analysis was performed using the in vitro gas production technique, with three levels of inclusion/species: 600, 800, and 1,000 mg and with 4 replicates/species/level of inclusion. The substrate was incubated at $39^{\circ}C$, and the gas and $CH_4$ production were recorded at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post incubation. The data collected was analyzed through Pearson correlation, polinomial regression and fixed effects models. There were negative correlations between FTS-total gas volume (r = -0.40; p<0.001); FTS-volume of $CH_4$ produced (r = -0.40; p<0.001) and between the inclusion level-volume of $CH_4$ produced (r = -0.20; p<0.001). As well as a positive correlation between hours post incubation-total gas volume (r = 0.42; p<0.001) and between hours post incubation-volume of $CH_4$ produced (r = 0.48; p<0.001). The FTS: C. elaeagnoides, V. mollis, and H. brasiletto have potential, in the three inclusion levels analyzed, to reduce $CH_4$ emission on in vitro trials (>32.7%), taking into account the total $CH_4$ production at 24 h of the forage used as reference (Avena sativa). It's suggested that C. elaeagnoides-according to its crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and condensed tannins content- is the best alternative within the FTS analyzed, for feeding ruminants and for the control of $CH_4$ emissions during the dry season.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2006

Twenty small-scale farms of two villages (A and B) were surveyed to identify the feeding traits, milk productivity and nutritional status of lactating cattle and buffalo in Terai, Nepal. Constituents and dry matter (DM) of feed supplied, body condition score (BCS), heart girth (HG), bodyweight (BW), milk yield (MY) and plasma metabolites were obtained in the pasture-sufficient, pasture-decreasing and fodder-shortage periods. Milk yield of 305-day lactation was estimated by the daily MY. The supplies of rice straw and native grass were lower and higher in the pasture-sufficient period than in the other periods, respectively (5.5 kg/day vs. 9.8 kg/day and 3.2 kg/day vs. 0.4 kg/day, respectively, p<0.01). The roughage-supplement rates of the animals were higher in village A than in village B (5.0 vs. 2.2 in cattle and 9.3 vs. 1.8 in buffalo, p<0.01). The variance of feed constituents among the periods and between the villages induced different supplies of CP, NDF and TDN. The concentrations of CP and TDN in the cattle feed were higher in the pasture-sufficient period than in the other periods (9.1% vs. 7.3% and 57.4% vs. 51.0%, respectively, p<0.01). The supplies of CP for cattle and buffalo, and of TDN for buffalo were lower in village A than in village B (7.5% vs. 8.7% and 6.6% vs. 9.1% [p<0.01], and 53.1% vs. 56.2% [p<0.05], respectively). The BCS, HG and BW of the animals were lower in village A than in village B (2.51 vs. 2.86, 156 cm vs. 170 cm and 300 kg vs. 318 kg, respectively in cattle, 2.83 vs. 4.00, 186 cm vs. 216 cm and 429 kg vs. 531 kg, respectively in buffalo, p<0.01). The cattle yielded more milk in the pasture-sufficient period than in the other periods (7.9 liters/day vs. 6.6 liters/day, p<0.01). The 305-day MY of cattle that calved in the fodder-shortage period was lower than that of cattle that calved in the other periods (1,900 liters vs. 2,251 liters, p<0.01). The MYs of cattle and buffalo were lower in village A than in village B (6.2 liters/day vs. 8.1 liters/day and 3.7 liters/day vs. 7.7 liters/day, respectively, p<0.01). The 305-day MY of cattle was lower in village A than in village B (1,935 liters vs. 2,409 liters, p<0.01). The concentrations of plasma albumin and urea nitrogen in cattle were lower in village A than in village B (3.2 g/dl vs. 3.4 g/dl [p<0.01] and 7.4 mg/dl vs. 10.2 mg/dl [p<0.05], respectively). The different supplies of CP, NDF and TDN among the periods and between the villages might have affected MY and nutritional status in cattle and buffalo. It was likely that the lower supplies of CP and TDN for cattle that calved in the fodder-shortage period and in village A lowered the 305-day MY of cattle.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1989년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.88-89
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• 1989

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1999년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.52-58
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• 1999

'98년 말을 기준으로 우리나라의 젖소는 15.7천여 농가에서 539천두가 사육되고 있다. 이는 낙농농가 호당 평균 약 34두가 사육되는 전업규모의 영농을 하고 있음을 의미한다(서울 우유협동조합 1999). 그러나 현재 낙농농가는 대부분 수입 사료에 의존하여 생산비의 대부분을 사료비가 차지하고 있다. 젖소의 사양에 있어 이상적인 조사료와 농후사료의 급여비율은 60:40으로 알려지고 있으나 우리나라의 경우는 33:67로 조사료 보다 농후사료의 급여비율이 굉장히 높은 수준에 있다(농촌진흥청 1998). (중략)

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 1998

The opening temperature of emit heat, caloric value and decomposition hear were investigated by DSC & TGA in order to find the hazard of sanitary feed-stuff, also explosion hazard of dust was observed with electrical ignition after fodder dispersion by compressed air. Then opening temperature of emit heat of supporting gas. $O_{2}$ was much lower than inert gas. Ar. and caloric value increased 20. and the particle size of sanitary feed-stuff were appeared fire or explosion at 50/60 mesh and 60/80 mesh.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.427-438
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• 1996

The suitability of female cattle ($Brahman{\times}Holstein$) and buffaloes (Murrah / Jafarabadi) for work on a sugarcane crusher was tested. The animals were fed chopped sugarcane tops and elephant grass supplemented with rice bran and urea-molasses blocks. In experiment 1, six cattle and six buffaloes, (with three animals seven to eight months pregnant at the start of the experiment in each group), worked individually, alternate weeks for 90 minutes a day for 6 d/week. Within the 90 min, cattle did more work than buffaloes (p < 0.05), and non-pregnant animals did more than pregnant animals, but cattle crushed significantly (p < 0.05) more cane per day than buffaloes. During work animals lost weight, but gained the weight back during resting weeks, when fodder intakes were higher. There were no significant differences in live weight change and fodder intakes between pregnant and non-pregnant animals during the six weeks. In experiment 2, four pairs of lactating cows and buffaloes crushed sugarcane for 3 h/d, 6 d/week for three weeks. Work done was higher in cattle than buffaloes, but cane crushed was marginally lower. All animals lost weight during work, particularly in the first week, but gained weight during the week after work. Daily milk yield was lower during the working weeks ($-0.55{\pm}0.15kg$) than in the week before work. Butter fat yield showed no significant change. One buffalo showed ovarian activity and oestrus behaviour during the work. Two cows showed ovarian activity within one month after the work. It was concluded that pregnant and lactating cows and buffaloes can effectively operate a cane crusher, however a temporary reduction in milk yield can be expected in the working period, and ovarian activity may be suppressed.