• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2018

Purpose - Past research has not given much attention to the roles of consumers' social relationship type in the effects of justice type of service failure recovery alternatives on their satisfaction to the alternative exposed to them. Current research aimed at exploring the moderation role of consumers' social relationship central versus peripheral in the effects of justice types of service failure recovery alternatives on the recovery satisfaction, and this research also explored whether the level of satisfaction to interaction justice-focused alternative are significantly different between the two, their social relationship central and peripheral relationship. Research design, data, and methodology - 2(social relationship central versus peripheral) between-subjects design was employed. 50 participants for each experimental group there were. Participants of each group took forceful steps in choosing one between the procedural justice-focused alternative and the distribution justice-focused alternative. χ²-analysis was used to verify that the number of choosing each alternative becomes different between the two experimental groups, and a one way ANOVA was used to verify that the extent to which participants are satisfied to the alternative chosen by them becomes different between the two groups. Results - The number of participants choosing procedural justice-focused alternative at the group of social relationship central was larger than that at the group of social relationship peripheral, whereas the number of participants choosing distribution justice-focused alternative at the group of social relationship peripheral was larger than that at the group of social relationship central. And the level of satisfaction to procedural justice-focused alternative at the group of social relationship central was higher than that at the group of social relationship peripheral, whereas the level of satisfaction to distribution justice-focused alternative at the group of social relationship peripheral was higher than that at the group of social relationship central. In addition, the level of satisfaction to interaction justice-focused alternative was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions - Marketers should give attention to the type of justice when developing alternatives by which consumers' service failure can be recovered. They should suggest procedural justice-focused alternative to consumers under social relationship central, whereas they should develop distribution justice-focused alternative for consumers under social relationship peripheral. And in the process of recovering service failure they also should focus on interaction justice.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.101-108
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• 2011

When observing an object in a space, a part of it is remembered into our perception in the time for paying attention or conscious observation and it reaches to our visual understanding. In this study, it examined characteristics by each subject through the process of visual understanding by changes in such observation time. The results from this study are summarized as belows: First, through analysis of the observation data focused on the distance between the observed points, it was able to apply those visual theories organized before to the analysis of characteristics of the time for understanding by each subject. Second, there showed big differences in the time for visual understanding by each subject according to changes in the observation time so that it was found that there were big differences according to the characteristics of subject's intention or purpose of the observation of a space. Third, as the number of continuous observation gives an important clue in judgement of how well the space was understood, it was able to compare and organize the mutual characteristics of the time the attention was concentrated, the time observed intentionally and the time understood visually. Fourth, it was found that the shorter subjects gave the intentional observation in observing a space, the longer they spent the time for paying attention, while the less they could understand it visually.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2017

This study has analyzed the features of attention to spacial composition seen in "Seeing ${\leftrightarrow}$ Seen" Correlation of continuous move in the space. The eye-tracking was employed for collecting the data of attention features to the space so that the correlation between visual perception and space could be estimated through the attention features to the difference between spacial composition and display. First, it was confirmed that the attention features varied according to the structure of shops and the exposure degree of selling space, which revealed that, while causing the customers' less attention to both sides of shops, the vanishing-point structure characteristically made their eyes focused on the central part. Second, their initial observation activities were found to be active at the height of their eyes. Third, 10 images were selected as objects for continuous experiment. There was a concern that the central part of each image would be paid intense attention to during the initial observation, but only two of those were found to be so. Fourth, there had been a study result of eye-tracking experiment that the attention had been concentrated on the central part of the image first seen. This study, however, revealed that such phenomenon is limited to the first image. Accordingly, it is necessary to draw up such method for ensuring reliability in order to use the data acquired from any eye-tracking experiment as exclusion of the initial attention time to the first image or of unemployment of the initial image-experiment to analysis.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

This study examined the attention and attention shift of general students and mathematically gifted students about pattern by the types of mathematical patterns. For this purpose, we analyzed eye movements during the problem solving process of 5th general and mathematically gifted students using eye tracker. The results were as follows: first, there was no significant difference in attentional style between the two groups. Second, there was no significant difference in attention according to the generation method between the two groups. The diversion was more frequent in the incremental strain generation method in both groups. Third, general students focused more on the comparison between non-contiguous terms in both attributes. Unlike general students, mathematically gifted students showed more diversion from geometric attributes. In order to effectively guide the various types of mathematical patterns, we must consider the distinction between attention and attention shift between the two groups.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.156-163
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• 2021

Attention mechanisms have been used in deep learning-based computer vision systems, including single image super-resolution (SISR) networks. However, existing SISR networks with attention mechanism focused on real image super-resolution, so it is hard to know whether they are available for CG or VR images. In this paper, we attempt to apply a recent attention module, called balanced attention mechanism (BAM) module, to 12 state-of-the-art SISR networks, and then check whether the BAM module can achieve performance improvement in CG or VR image super-resolution. In our experiments, it has been confirmed that the performance improvement in CG or VR image super-resolution is limited and depends on data characteristics, size, and network type.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.508-515
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• 2020

For the success of mobile messenger emoticons, it is important to grab the attentions of users or consumers and identify the influence factors that can satisfy empathy and emotional satisfaction. In this study, first, subjective evaluation of the mobile messenger emoticons of the subjects was examined through a preliminary survey, and then Eye-tracking experiments were conducted to identify the influence factors that can attention of the subject's eyes in the emoticons. The study revealed that emoticons such as Ompangi and Onaeui yeosin highlighting their characters mainly focus on characters(face). Secondly, Gyuiyomjueui and Handprinting emoticons focused on Text. Contrary to earlier studies, such results showed that people are presumed to focus on characteristic elements such as size, form, color and location of visually exposed elements rather than primarily having a keen interest in characters.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.145-153
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• 2015

For this research with the objects of spaces in two department stores which can be referred to as representative facility of commercial space, observation test has carried out to estimate how much visitors rivet their eyes to the display of shops. In addition, to find out what effect the difference among the department types has on the selective attention to space element, the observation time was applied as a medium for estimation. The followings are the result from analyzing the observation frequency and the observation intensity feature of each section where the characteristics of design could be found at attention. First, both images of A and B had concentrative dominant-observation at left shops. In case of Image A, Customers began to observe the right shops very attentively after 25 seconds, and with Image B, the attentive observation at right and left took place alternatively after 35 seconds. In other words, regardless of the characteristics of shop displays, the left shops were observed first while in case of the observation after the early and middle time-frame the characteristics of shops were found to have effects on observation. Second, the normal observation showed some difference among attention sections over time while on the whole both images of A and B had the same highly attentive observation at the middle space. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the middle space was playing a faithful role as background for commercial spaces. Third, the ignorant observation, which is the opposite to the attentive observation, was found different between the images of A and B. When the ignorant observation is considered to have intentionality, it will be possible to set up the display which may attract the attention aggressively by the process of figuring out the characteristics of ignored shops.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.687-689
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• 2018

The current EEG device can determine the concentration, but can not determine the concentration of the state. Therefore, we distinguish attitude based on Mindwave Attention data and additionally Pitch data to distinguish whether or not we are looking at a video object, and suggest a method to obtain better performance. Attention data were measured in the state where the images were viewed and concentrated. In the case of the Pitch data, Sit was measured when sitting on a desk and Lie when lying down. Attention value was 38 or more. When the value of the Pitch is smaller than -48, it is judged that it is in a prone state. When the concentration and sitting state were satisfied with this threshold value, it was judged that they focused on watching the actual video.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1259-1264
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• 2016

Ultrasonic therapy has received great attention in the field of cosmetics related to the treatment of skin thickening because of its fast recovery and safety. In this study, an output circuit of a high intensity focused ultrasound system was developed for the treatment of beauty. To verify the applicability of the high intensity focused ultrasound system to the cosmetic treatment field, we measured and analyzed the 3D ultrasound intensity energy using a hydrophone. And high-intensity focused ultrasound devices were found to be useful for cosmetic treatment.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.193-208
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• 2008

While CRM has recently attracted a lot of attention among academics and practitioners, most academic research in this area has focused on consumer markets, but CRM in industry markets is less focused research area so far. Companies in industry market have suspected effects of the relationship between CRM's activities and performance which is related to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The main purpose of this research support CRM strategy development. Therefore, this research is focused on as follows; first, defining the concept of CRM and performance second, identifying the customer relationship's characteristics and CRM relational activities in industrial markets third, verifying the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the case of Steel industry which is whether the CRM relational activities have effects on customer loyalty directly, or indirectly through customer satisfaction.