• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 1987

Rates of lesion development over time and disease gradients over distance for blast disease on the two rice varieties, Brazos and M-20 1 were significantly affected by two different cultural conditions, upland and flooded conditions. Flooding rice field plots lowered the rates of lesion increase and flattened the disease gradients for both varieties. Despite absence of statistically significant differences in the rate of lesion increase between four sampled distances from infection focus, rate of lesion development tended to be slightly greater as distance from the infection focus increases. Rate of lesion increase was greater with more susceptible variety M-201 than with Brazos. Disease gradient was steeper for M-201 than for Brazos. As blast disease progressed, disease gradients became flattened regardless of variety due to the infections originated from secondary foci. Between two empirical disease gradient models examined, Kiyosawa & Shiyomi model was fitted better over Gregory model. Rates of blast isopath movement under upland conditions were calculated as approximately 0.2m/day and 0.4 m/day for Brazos and M-201, respectively. The results in this study suggest that differences in varietal resistance to blast could be detected by measuring disease gradient as efficiently as by measuring infection rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.112-126
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• 2012

The style of a dress allows important characterization of an era since they reflect contemporary politics, society, culture and arts. Within a same category, period costumes develop into styles that reflect specific consciousness. The research method and the scope of the study are as follows: the research adopts a historical study method and a comparative research from a microscopic point. The scope includes resistance costumes that proceed with sans-culotte that comprises of the resistance party during the 18th French Revolution (1783-1799), and also a Hippy style which was popularized during the 1960s and 1970s for its anti-war movement. We researched both similarities and differences of design factors reflecting resisting consciousness in costumes that affected costume characteristics related to their socio-cultural background. Sans-culotte and the Hippie style reflect a common denominator in anti-social resisting customs. First, they show common characteristics that combine fashion trends of resistant element and design features. Second, they have common features which are the characteristics of deviation. On the other hand, these two customs also present a discriminative denominator in anti-social resisting customs. In the case of sans-culotte, they tend to symbolize confrontation by dividing into two equal parts: the old and new mode. Sans-culotte confronts the conventional mode and promotes practical costume styles based on justice standpoints. First, hippies pursue an exposition of individual emotions that disclose internal meanings of love and desire. Second, they focus on subjective characteristics and chase after masteries and pleasures by expressing intensity. Third, it extends and develops folk costumes from many countries that reveal ethnic trends. Therefore, this research compares and contrasts different changes in the fashions of revolutionary periods, and aims to recognize the relationship between design and costume characteristics, thus contributing to the predictions of future changes in fashion.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.125-134
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• 2013

In case of the optical camera system with an infinite object distance, optical designs different from previous systems are required to speed up the auto-focus. As the number of lens groups is increased due to this, the conventional analytic method found it difficult to calculate the locus, and even the one-step advanced calculation method also had the trouble of taking a lot of time. In this paper, we suggested an analytic method for calculating the zoom loci by analyzing movement of one or two groups for situations corresponding to the given back focal length and effective focal length after taking a spline interpolation for each lens group. With this method, we would not only calculate the analytic zoom loci without iterations in every optical system without placing a limit on the group number at the zoom lens systems with the infinite object distance, but we would also show the utilities of this method through many examples.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2014

This study aimed to conduct an eye-tracking experiment carried with facade images as a medium and to do research on 'the interest of the eyes' resulted from people's gazing phenomena. This study secured gazing data which appeared according to visual response and analyzed gazing phenomena to find the basic theory of 'the interest of the eyes' as a methodological role, which consumer interest and attention could be grafted when a plan and a design for space design was made. Data terms used in eye-tracking backgrounds and the movement of the eyes were investigated in literature review. Twenty (20) facade images were selected through a case study to get experimental stimuli for the related experiment. Thirty (30) subjects (men and women) suitable for the experiment were recruited to conduct an eye-tracking experiment. After the experiment, five (5) areas were set up in the facade image to identify the focus level of interest and attention. The level of interest and focus was connected to the interest of the eyes. The analysis to study the interest of the eyes was based on nine (9) items such as sequence, entry time, dwell time, hit ratio, revisits, revisitors, average fixation, first fixation and fixation count. Through gaze analysis, the following conclusion was drawn about the 'interest level of sight' for gaze frequency. The interest level can be interpreted to be higher for faster sequence, shorter entry time, longer all fixation(ms) for dwell time, faster all saccade(%), higher hit ratio, more revisits, more revisitors, longer average fixation, faster and longer first fixation, and more fixation count, and the person can be said to have felt interest faster and/or more.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.173-186
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• 2005

This paper develops the argument that the 'Healthy Cities Approach' extends beyond the boundaries of officially designated Healthy Cities and suggests that signs of it are evident much more widely in efforts to promote health in the United Kingdom and in national policy. It draws on examples from Leeds, a major city in the north of England. In particular, it suggests that efforts to improve population health need to focus on the wider determinants and that this requires a collaborative response involving a range of different sectors and the participation of the community. Inequality is recognised as a major issue and the need to identify areas of deprivation and direct resources towards these is emphasised. Childhood poverty is referred to and the importance of breaking cycles of deprivation. The role of the school is seen as important in contributing to health generally and the compatibility between Healthy Cities and Health Promoting Schools is noted. Not only can Health Promoting Schools improve the health of young people themselves they can also develop the skills, awareness and motivation to improve the health of the community. Using child pedestrian injury as an example, the paper argues that problems and their cause should not be conceived narrowly. The Healthy Cities movement has taught us that the response, if it is to be effective, should focus on the wider determinants and be adapted to local circumstances. Instead of simply attempting to change behaviour through traditional health education we need to ensure that the environment is healthy in itself and supports healthy behaviour. To achieve this we need to develop awareness, skills and motivation among policy makers, professionals and the community The 'New Health' education is proposed as a term to distinguish the type of health education which addresses these issues from more traditional forms.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.494-499
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• 2007

In this paper we realized a system, if a user selects the area of the important parts or the arrangement parts when he reads the books or the papers, which amends, stores and readjusts the characters that are included in the selected area by outputting the characters to the word processor in sequence. If a user selects what he wishes lot with his finger, the system detects the movement of the finger by applying the hand recognition algorithm and recognizes the selected area. The system converts the distance of the width and the length of the selected area to the number of the pulse, and controls the motor to move the camera at the position. After the system scales up/down the zoom to be able to recognize the character and controls the focus to the regulated zoom closely, it controls the focus in detail to get more distinct image by using the difference of the light and darkness. We realize the recognition and editing support system of korean language that converts the obtained images to the document by applying the character recognition algorithm and arrange the important parts.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.369-375
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was the examination of the correlations between the daily physical pain intensity (DPPI) scale and the numeric rating scale (NRS), and between the DPPI scale and the quality of life (QOL) of short form health survey (SF-36) and beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaires. The focus of the DPPI scale was the daily-living activities of the individual, and the scale contains three items regarding the pain per movement range, the pain per day, and the pain when touching the pain area. Methods: A total of 241 adults answered the DPPI, NRS, SF-36, and BDI questionnaires. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for the various relations of the DPPI to the other scales. Results: High correlations were shown between the NRS and the DPPI (r=0.809, p<0.05). The DPPI scale (r=0.437, p<0.05) showed "moderate" significant correlations with the SF-36 and the NRS (r=0.370, p<0.05), and it showed "weak" significant correlations with the SF-36. There are no statistically significant correlations between the DPPI, the NRS score, and the BDI score (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study was the first attempt to establish the concurrent validity of a new focus on daily-living activities for the assessment of pain. This study showed promise for the development of activities of daily living focused tool for an assessment of the subjective pain in patients that was more objective.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.269-281
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• 2021

Land creeping is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement o f slope-forming soil or rock. Because creep-related failures occur frequently on a large scale without notice, they can be hazardous to both property and human life. Korea Forest Service has operated the prevention and response system from land creeping which has been on the rise since 2018. We categorized and proposed three survey steps (e.g., preliminary, regional, detailed) for investigation of creeping susceptibility site with a focus on geophysical mapping of a selected test site, Yongheung-dong, Pohang, Korea. The combination of geophysical (dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography and reciprocal seismic refraction technique, well-logging), geotechnical studies (standard penetrating test, laboratory tests), field mapping (tension cracks, uplift, fault), and comprehensive interpretation of their results provided the reliable information of the subsurface structures including the failure surface. To further investigate the subsurface structure including the sliding zone, we performed high-resolution geophysical mapping in addition to the regional survey. High-resolution seismic velocity structures are employed for stability analysis because they provided more simplified layers of weathering rock, soft rock, and hard rock. Curved slip plane of the land creeping is effectively delineated with a shape of downslope sliding and upward pushing at the apex of high resistive bedrock in high-resolution electrical resistivity model with clay-mineral contents taken into account. Proposed survey steps and comprehensive interpretation schemes of the results from geological, geophysical, and geotechnical data should be effective for data sets collected in a similar environment to land-creeping susceptibility area.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.115-124
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• 2014

This study has carried out scanning tests in order to figure out the features of scanning search by sex of space users, with the result of which the validity of data has been estimated. In this research, the scanning patterns were set up for verifying the typology of scanning paths and then the reason for determining scanning paths and the validity of estimation method were reviewed. Since the observation features depends on sex, the analysis of visual activities for acquiring any information in a space will reveal the intention and purpose of space users. The findings by analyzing the features of scanning pattern by sex which were found at the determination of scanning patterns can be defined as the followings. First, for estimating the process of space-information search, the movement distance at each point of continuative-observation data from the angle of eye-movement has been extracted, on the ground of which the fixation and movement of eye have been defined for the establishment of scanning-cut characteristics. Second, the scanning times were estimated for the extraction of effective observation data that would be used for comparative analysis, which showed that men had more data (3,398.2/64.4%) than women (2,998.2/55.6%). This enables the acknowledgment that the scanning cut of men was relatively less, which indicates that men will acquire more information on space than women in the process of observing any space. Third, men's scanning times (58.0 times/2.02 seconds) were less than those of women (71.9 times/1.39 seconds) while the scanning time of the former was longer than that of the latter, which shows the feature that it takes longer for men than women in scanning while the scanning times of the former is less than those of the latter. Fourth, the observation features can be determined that the combination of this result with the predominance character by sex for a general viewpoint to be employed indicates that while men employ mixed-scanning for observation activities to acquire space-information spending for longer time, women, by concentrated-scanning, focus on a single point for shorter time or stay at one location for a considerably long time for space-information acquirement.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.147-167
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• 2005

In the West, the model for provision of services to the disabled has shifted from a focus on the individual to that of a social model. This shift reflects a movement away from a materialist approach to one that is grounded in idealism. In the context of themultiple service paradigm movement this paper explores trends in the provision of social services to the disabled in Korea. In order to accomplish this task the writer conducted an analysis of Korean Community Chest proposals, existing legislation and legislative systems as well as the disability movement in Korea. Data was collected from the 2003 program proposals submitted to the Korea Community Chest. This data was classified using Priestly's Multiple Service Paradigm of Disability. The results suggest that the Korean Community Chest favored an individual idealist approach. There was only limited support given to proposals that reflect the social model approach and thus issues of accessibility, independent living and inclusion are given short shrift. This paper argues the need for a reversal of this trend through the Korean Community Chest supporting issues mentioned above and that the social model should be given greater attention by this funding body. Implications for practice using the multiple paradigm model are discussed.