• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.701-711
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• 2006

Sewage treatment plants located near to large cities emit extremely higher concentration of odorous materials. This study evaluated flux profiles of ammonia emitted from the water surface of sewage treatment plants using a dynamic flux chamber. Also, an ammonia overall mass transfer coefficient and a mass transfer model was developed in order to estimate fluxes of ammonia using environment parameters and the flux from the sewage treatment plants. The developed mass transfer model was evaluated through a fitness analysis. Comparison modeled flux applying empirical overall mass transfer coefficients of ammonia and measured ammonia flux show a high linearity with 0.977. The flux ratio of 1.282 demonstrated highly statistical fitness, also. Modeled flux using the mass transfer model was compared with measured flux. In result, it indicated that empirical overall mass transfer coefficients were similar to measured flux. The mass transfer model using the empirical overall mass transfer coefficient developed in this study was proved to be an easy and effective method to make accurate and precise predictions for ammonia flux discharged from sewage treatment plants.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1199-1211
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• 2014

The momentum flux and the sensible heat flux were measured with the scintillometers and ultrasonic anemometers at 6 sites of which surface characteristics like roughness length and zero-displacement are different each other. We estimated the momentum flux and the sensible heat flux based on the bulk transfer method with the drag coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient calculated from the temperature and wind speed at two heights. The variation of bulk transfer coefficients showed a remarkable difference depending on the atmospheric stability which is less influenced by the zero-displacement than the roughness length. The estimated sensible heat fluxes were in good agreement with those measured at 3 m, showing 23.7 $Wm^{-2}$ of the root mean square error that is less than 10% of its maximum. Since the estimated momentum flux is not only effected by drag coefficient but also by wind speed square, the determination of wind speed in the bulk transfer method is critical.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.68-73
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• 2006

The present paper deals with an experimental study of boiling heat transfer characteristics of R-290, and is focused on pressure gradient and heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant flow inside horizontal smooth minichannel with inner diameter of 3.0 mm and length of 2000 mm. The direct heating method applied for supplying heat to the refrigerant where the test tube was uniformly heated by electric current which was applied to the tube wall. The experiments were conducted with R-290 with purity of 99.99% at saturation temperature of 0 to $10^{\circ}C$. The range of mass flux is $50{\sim}250kg/m^2s$ and heat flux is $5{\sim}20kW/m^2$. The heat transfer coefficients of R-290 increases with increasing mass flux and saturation temperature, wherein the effect of mass flux is higher than that of the saturation temperature, whereas the heat flux has a low effect on increasing heat transfer coefficient. The significant effect of mass flux on heat transfer coefficient is shown at high quality, the effect of heat flux on heat transfer coefficient at low quality shows a domination of nucleate boiling contribution. The heat transfer coefficient of the experimental result was compared with six existing heat transfer coefficient correlation. Zang et al.'s correlation(2004) gave the best prediction of heat transfer coefficient.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.880-887
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• 1998

In order to study heat transfer characteristics of spray cooling for the purpose of uniform and soft cooling of high temperature surface a series of experiments for a hot horizontal copper flat plate was performed by downflow spray water using flat spray nozzle. Cooling curves were mea-sured under the various experimental conditions of flow rates and temperatures of cooling water Surface temperature surface heat fluxes and heat transfer coefficients of horizontal upward-facing flat surface were calculated with cooling curves measured at each radial positions near the cooling surface by TDMA method. Generally heat transfer characteristics for spray cooling is simi-lar to boiling phenomenon of pool boiling. The minimum heat flux(MHF) appear at the surface temperature of about ${\Delta}Tsat=250^{\circ}C$ and the critical heat flux(CHF) appear at about ${\Delta}Tsat=250^{\circ}C$.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2020

In this study, we propose a spherical flux concentration structure for omnidirectional wireless power transfer. Omnidirectional wireless power transfer technology is a method that can transmit power to a transmitter located in an arbitrary position in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. However, to improve the power transfer distance in a wireless power transfer system, the diameter of the coil or the number of windings must increase, thereby increasing the size of the transmitter. The proposed transmitter structure adds a ferrite core inside the transmitter coil so that the magnetic flux generated by the transmitter is directed toward the position of the receiver. As a result, the flux linkage and the mutual inductance increase. By implementing the omnidirectional wireless power transfer system using the proposed structure, the power transfer distance can be improved by 65% compared with the conventional system without increasing the size of the transmitter. Simulation shows that the proposed spherical flux concentration structure increases the mutual inductance of the omnidirectional wireless power transmission system.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2002

유도전동기의 고성능 벡터제어를 수행하기 위해서는 회전자 자속의 정확한 추정이 필요하다. 유도전동기의 회전자 자속관측기들에서는 자속추정시에 전동기 상수들이 사용되므로 이들의 변동에 따라 자속추정에 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 파라미터 민감도를 이용하여 파라미터 변동에 의한 자속관측기들의 추정자속 오차를 해석하였다. 파라미터 민감도는 시스템 파라미터의 변동분에 대한 시스템 전달함수의 변동분의 비로 정의되므로 실제 자속과 추정 자속의 비를 전달함수로 정의하고 해석을 수행하였다. 제안된 해석방법의 타당성을 확인하기 위해 시뮬레이션과 실험을 행하였다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2022

누설자속으로 변압기의 잔류자속을 구하는 기존의 연구에서는 전달함수를 이용하였다. 전달함수는 변압기의 ±의 두 잔류 점을 지나는 순간에 측정한 잔류자속과 동일한 순간에 변압기 밖에서 구한 누설자속으로 구하였다. 본 연구에서는 전달함수를 구하지 않고 동작 최대의 누설자속과 잔류자속에 의한 누설자속의 비를 계산하여 잔류자속을 구하는 방법이 가능함을 확인하였다. 이 방법의 장점은 전류잡음으로 인한 전달함수의 불확정성을 피하는 것이다. 그리고 센서의 잡음을 측정하여 잡음의 드리프트가 측정결과에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 잔류 누설 자속밀도를 센서의 드리프트인 80nT와 비교하면 거리 10mm에서는 약 66배, 100mm에서는 5배 이상이었다. 측정거리 100mm는 본 연구에서 얻어진 잔류자속을 구하기 위한 최대 측정 거리였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.1853-1859
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• 2019

The two-thermocouple method was investigated experimentally to evaluate its accuracy for the measurement of local wall temperature and heat flux on a heat transfer tube with an electric heater rod installed in an annulus channel. This work revealed that a thermocouple flush-mounted in a surface groove serves as a good reference method for the accurate measurement of the wall temperature, whereas two thermocouples installed at different depths in the tube wall yield large bias errors in the calculation of local heat flux and wall temperature. These errors result from conductive and convective changes due to the fin effect of the thermocouple sheath. To eliminate the bias errors, we proposed a calibration method based on both the local heat flux and Reynolds number of the cooling water. The calibration method was validated with the measurement of local heat flux and wall temperature against experimental data obtained for single-phase convection and two-phase condensation flows inside the tube. In the manuscript, Section 1 introduces the importance of local heat flux and wall temperature measurement, Section 2 explains the experimental setup, and Section 3 provides the measured data, causes of measurement errors, and the developed calibration method.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2001년도 Proceedings ICPE 01 2001 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.418-422
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• 2001

To achieve a high performance in direct vector control of induction motor, it is essential to correct estimation of rotor flux. The accuracy of flux observers for induction machines inherently depends on parameter sensitivity. This paper presents an analysis method for conventional flux observers using Parameter Sensitivity. The Parameter sensitivity is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in the system transfer function to the percentage change of the parameter variation. We define the ratio between real flux and estimated flux as the transfer function, and analyzed a parameter sensitivity of this transfer function by simulation.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.7-10
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• 2001

To obtain a high performance in a direct vector controlled induction machine, it is essential to correct estimation of rotor flux. The accuracy of flux observers for induction machines inherently depends on parameter sensitivity. This paper presents an analysis method for conventional flux observers using Parameter Sensitivity. The Parameter sensitivity is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in the system transfer function to the percentage change of the parameter variation. We define the ratio between real flux and estimated flux as the transfer function, and analyzed a parameter sensitivity of this transfer function.