• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 1997년도 한국재료학회 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.122-122
• /
• 1997

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.684-687
• /
• 2011

In this study, we investigate the photovoltaic performance of transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO), titanium-doped indium oxide (ITiO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films. ITO and ITiO films are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on soda-lime glass substrate at $300^{\circ}C$, and the FTO film used is a commercial product. We measure the X-ray diffraction patterns, AFM micrographs, transmittance, sheet resistances after heat treatment, and transparent conductive characteristics of each film. The value of electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of the ITiO films was $4.15{\times}10^{-4}\;{\Omega}-cm$. The near-infrared ray transmittance of ITiO is the highest for wavelengths over 1,000 nm, which can increase dye sensitization compared to ITO and FTO. The photoconversion efficiency (${\eta}$) of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) sample using ITiO was 5.64%, whereas it was 2.73% and 6.47% for DSC samples with ITO and FTO, respectively, both at 100 mW/$cm^2$ light intensity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제35권7호
• /
• pp.2072-2076
• /
• 2014

Sub-micrometer size gold particles were electrodeposited on a transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) from acetonitrile solution containing $AuCl_4{^-}$ and tetramethylammonium tetraflouroborate (TMATFB) for detecting $NO_2{^-}$. A series of two-electron ($2e^-$) and one-electron ($1e^-$) reductions of the $AuCl_4{^-}-AuCl_2{^-}-Au$ redox systems were observed at FTO and a highly stable and homogeneous distribution of Au on FTO (Au/FTO) was obtained by stepping the potential from 0 to -0.55 V (vs. Ag/$Ag^+$). The Au/FTO electrode exhibited sufficiently high catalytic activity toward the oxidation of $NO_2{^-}$ with a detection limit (S/N = 3) and sensitivity of 2.95 ${\mu}M$ and 223.4 ${\mu}A{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}mM^{-1}$, respectively, under optimal conditions. It exhibited an interference-free signal for $NO_2{^-}$ detection with excellent recoveries from real samples.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 1998

Highly transparent conductive pure and fluorine-doped tin oxide(FT0, $SnO_2$ : F) films have been prepared by low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD) from various mixtures of tetramethyitin(TMT) with oxygen or oxygen containing ozone. The properties of TO films have been changed with the variation of gases, flow rate, and substrate temperature. The nsing of oxygen containing ozone instead of pure oxygen, reduced substrate temperature by 100-$150^{\circ}C$ while maintaining same thickness. The films prepared by using ozone showed the resistivity in the range from $10^~2$ to $10^{~3}\Omega$cm, and the mobiiity from 10 to $14\textrm{cm}^2$/Vs. Fluorine-doped tin oxide films had properties such as the resistivity about $10^{-4}\Omega$cm, and the mobility from 14 to $19\textrm{cm}^2$/Vs.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제23권9호
• /
• pp.517-524
• /
• 2013

The electrical and optical properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide films grown on polyethylene terephthalate film with a hardness of 3 using electron cyclotron resonance plasma with linear microwave of 2.45 GHz of high ionization energy were investigated. Fluorine-doped tin oxide films with a magnetic field of 875 Gauss and the highest resistance uniformity were obtained. In particular, the magnetic field could be controlled by varying the distribution in electron cyclotron deposition positions. The films were deposited at various gas flow rates of hydrogen and carrier gas of an organometallic source. The surface morphology, electrical resistivity, transmittance, and color in the visible range of the deposited film were examined using SEM, a four-point probe instrument, and a spectrophotometer. The electromagnetic field for electron cyclotron resonance condition was uniformly formed in at a position 16 cm from the center along the Z-axis. The plasma spatial distribution of magnetic current on the roll substrate surface in the film was considerably affected by the electron cyclotron systems. The relative resistance uniformity of electrical properties was obtained in film prepared with a magnetic field in the current range of 180~200A. SEM images showing the surface morphologies of a film deposited on PET with a width of 50 cm revealed that the grains were uniformly distributed with sizes in the range of 2~7 nm. In our experimental range, the electrical resistivity of film was able to observe from $1.0{\times}10^{-2}$ to $1.0{\times}10^{-1}{\Omega}cm$ where optical transmittance at 550 nm was 87~89 %. These properties were depended on the flow rate of the gas, hydrogen and carrier gas of the organometallic source, respectively.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.617-621
• /
• 2009

Zinc oxide (ZnO)을 금(Au)과 fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) 촉매로 산화실리콘($SiO_2$) 기판에 산화아연입자 20 nm, $20{\mu}m$를 각각 사용하여 기체-액체-고체(VLS) 합성법으로 성장시켰다. 나노로드의 표면특성, 화학조성, 그리고 결정특성을 엑스레이회절(X-ray diffraction (XRD)), 에너지 분산형 X선 분광기(Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)), 표면 방출주사현미경(Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM))으로 분석하였다. ZnO의 입자 크기 뿐만 아니라 결정형태가 성장에 크게 영향을 미쳤다. ZnO의 모든 나노구조가 6방정계(六方晶系), 단일결정구조를 가지고 있었다. 최적온도는 $1030^{\circ}C$, 입자크기는 20 nm이다. 그러므로 Au 대신 플루오린 첨가 도핑으로 전기음성도가 증가된 FTO 증착에 의해서 생성된 나노로드는 경제성 있는 대체물질로서의 가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2016

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The morphologies, crystal structures, chemical bonding states, and electrochemical properties of the nanoparticles are investigated. The FTO nanoparticles show uniform morphology and size distribution in the range of 6-10 nm. The FTO nanoparticles exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with high discharge specific capacity and good cycling stability ($620mAhg^{-1}$ capacity retention up to 50 cycles), as well as excellent high-rate performance ($250mAhg^{-1}$ at $700mAg^{-1}$) compared to that of commercial $SnO_2$. The improved electrochemical performance can be explained by two main effects. First, the excellent cycling stability with high discharge capacity is attributed to the nano-sized FTO particles, which are related to the increased electrochemical active area between the electrode and electrolyte. Second, the superb high-rate performance and the excellent cycling stability are ascribed to the increased electrical conductivity, which results from the introduction of fluorine doping in $SnO_2$. This noble electrode structure can provide powerful potential anode materials for high-performance lithiumion batteries.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2024

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) has been used as a representative transparent conductive oxide (TCO) in various optoelectronic applications, including light emitting diodes, solar cells, photo-detectors, and electrochromic devices. The FTO plays an important role in providing electron transfer between active layers and external circuits while maintaining high transmittance in the devices. Herein, we report the effects of substrate rotation speed on the electrical and optical properties of FTO films during ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (USPD). The substrate rotation speeds were adjusted to 2, 6, 10, and 14 rpm. As the substrate rotation speed increased from 2 to 14 rpm, the FTO films exhibited different film morphologies, including crystallite size, surface roughness, crystal texture, and film thickness. This FTO film engineering can be attributed to the variable nucleation and growth behaviors of FTO crystallites according to substrate rotation speeds during USPD. Among the FTO films with different substrate rotation speeds, the FTO film fabricated at 6 rpm showed the best optimized TCO characteristics when considering both electrical (sheet resistance of 13.73 Ω/□) and optical (average transmittance of 86.76 % at 400~700 nm) properties with a figure of merit (0.018 Ω^-1).

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 1998년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.142-143
• /
• 1998

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.392-397
• /
• 2017

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated NiCrAl alloy foam is fabricated using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (USPD). To confirm the influence of the FTO layer on the NiCrAl alloy foam, we investigated the structural, chemical, and morphological properties and chemical resistance by using USPD to adjust the FTO coating time (12, 18, and 24 min). As a result, when an FTO layer was coated for 24 min on NiCrAl alloy foam, it was found to have an enhanced chemical resistance compared to those of the other samples. This improvement in the chemical resistance of using USPD NiAlCr alloy foam can be the result of the existence of an FTO layer, which can act as a protection layer between the NiAlCr alloy foam and the electrolyte and also the result of the increased thickness of the FTO layer, which enhances the diffusion length of the metal ion.