• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.28-36
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• 2019

In the present study, the effects of supply gas and water mist on the heptane pool fire extinguishing performance were investigated using the full cone and hollow cone twin-fluid atomizers. Air or nitrogen of 30 lpm (Liter per minute; L/min) was used as the supply gas, and the experiments were conducted under the water flow rate conditions of 0 lpm (i.e., discharge of air or nitrogen only) and 0.085 lpm (i.e., discharge of water mist with supply gas). Experimental results confirmed that the use of water mist discharge with the supply gas and full cone spray pattern reduced the fire extinguishing time as compared to that of only supply gas discharge and hollow cone spray pattern. In addition, for the discharge of water mist using the full cone twin-fluid atomizer, water mist significantly affected fire extinguishing performance, whereas the effect of the supply gas was less pronounced. On the other hand, for the discharge of water mist using the hollow cone twin-fluid atomizer, the fire extinguishing time was remarkably reduced by the supply of nitrogen, as compared with that of air, indicating that the supply gas as well as water mist can significantly affect fire extinguishing performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

Using ultrasonic standing waves, micro particles submerged or flowing in fluid can be manipulated. Due to acoustic radiation force of ultrasound, particles are forced to move to pressure nodal or antinodal lines. In this work, we propose a method to control the position of micro particle in a flow by adjusting the frequency of the standing wave. To this end, standing wave field generation system including a few millimeter thick micro channel was established using an immersible ultrasonic transducer. The present generation system works valid in a frequency range between 2.0 MHz and 2.5 MHz. We observed the SiC particles in water moved to pressure nodal lines by the standing wave. The effect of the channel thickness and operating frequency was also investigated. Interestingly, it was shown that the operating frequency have a close relation with the location of the pressure nodal line. Consequently, it fan be said that the position of particle movement rail be controlled by adjusting the ultrasound frequency. The maximum range of the controllable position was about 261 micrometers under the given condition. The resulted observations reveal the possibility of various applications of the ultrasonic standing wave to the manipulation of particles submerged in a fluid.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.149-163
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• 2015

In this study, we conducted study on the confirmation of thermal-hydraulic safety for Mast assembly with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) analysis. Before performing the natural convection analysis for the Mast assembly by using CFD code, we validated the CFD code against two benchmark natural convection data for the evaluation of turbulence models and confirmation of its applicability to the natural convection flow. From the first benchmark test which was performed by Betts et al. in the simple rectangular channel, we selected standard k-omega turbulence model for natural convection. And then, calculation performance of CFD code was also investigated in the sub-channel of rod bundle by comparing with PNL(Pacific Northwest Laboratory) experimental data and prediction results by MATRA and Fluent 12.0 which were performed by Kwon et al.. Finally, we performed main natural convection analysis for fuel assembly inside the Mast assembly by using validated turbulence model. From the calculation, we observed stable natural circulation flow between the mast assembly and pool side and evaluated the thermal-hydraulic safety by calculating the departure from nucleate boiling ratio.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2011

Thermal energy storage(TES) cooling system using cheaper electricity of off-peak time has been applied to relieve a significant portion of the peak demand of electricity during the daytime in summer. Slurry ice type thermal energy storage cooling system is one kind of more efficient ice-thermal energy storage cooling system than Ice-on-Coil type or Encapsulated type TES cooling system, even though, which are more popular TES system. This experimental study was carried out to observe flow pattern and formation of slurry ice in reversing flow layer to improve efficiency of heat transfer between fluid and freezing tube and to disturb ice adhesion on tube surface. The reversing flow layer was made by using reversing materials in heat exchanger section(test section) to disturb ice adhesion. At this experiment, styrofoam balls and poly propylene balls were used as reversing materials, and a 20wt% solution of ethylene glycol was used as reversing flow layer. The experimental apparatus was constructed of the test section for making/storing slurry ice, the brine tank, pumps for circulating of a 20wt% solution of ethylene glycol and brine, a flow-meter, a data logger for measuring the temperature. The experiments were carried out under various conditions, with volumetric flow rate, ball filling rate and air filling rate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.261-272
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• 2013

Algae boom (Red tide) in south coastal area of Korea has been appeared several times during a decade. If algae boom appears in the desalination plant, media filter and UF filter are clogged quickly, and the plant should be shutdown. In general, Algae can be removed from water by flotation better than by sedimentation, because of the low density of algal cell. The purpose of this study conducts the CFD simulation of DAF flotation basin to apply the design of the dissolved air flotation with ball filter in the Test Bed for SWRO desalination plant. In this study, Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model was applied to simulate the behavior of air bubbles and seawater. Density difference model and gravity were used. But de-sludge process and mass transfer between air bubbles and seawater were ignored. Main parameter is hydraulic loading rate which is varied from 20 m/hr to 27.5 m/hr. Geometry of flotation basin were changed to improve the DAF performance. According to the result of this study, the increase of hydraulic loading rate causes that the flow in the separation basin is widely affected and the concentration of air is increased. The flow pattern in the contact zone of flotation basin is greatly affected by the location of nozzle header. When the nozzle header was installed not the bottom of the contact zone but the above, the opportunity of contact between influent and recycle flow was increased.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.83-91
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• 2019

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors are devices that simultaneously produce electricity and heat. Research on conventional air-type PVT collector focuses on installing baffles to enhance the collector's thermal performance. However, the baffles have pressure drop inside the collector which degrades the thermal performance. Thus, it is necessary to design baffles to smoothen the flow inside the air-type PVT collector. Alternatively, installing perforated baffles in air-type PVT collectors can reduce the collector weight, but parameters such as the diameter of the perforated holes and the height of the perforated plates should be considered. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze thermal characteristics of each variable of perforated baffles installed inside air-type PVT collector. For this purpose, the uniformity of air flow in the collector was compared through NX program, and the resultant heat gain and thermal efficiency of the air-type PVT collector were compared and analyzed. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze thermal characteristics of each variable (Baffle angle, length, height, pitch, perforated ratio) of perforated baffles installed inside air-type PVT collector. For this purpose, the uniformity of air flow in the collector was compared through CFD program, and the resultant heat gain and thermal efficiency of the air-type PVT collector were compared and analyzed. As a result, the maximum outlet temperature was increased by 1.45 times and the heat gain was increased by 193.8 Wth, depending on the perforated baffle plate, compared to the collector without the baffle. The heat transfer performance showed that the maximum internal velocity was 1.61 times higher and the Reynolds number was 1.06 times higher depending on the parameters of the baffle plate.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.36-43
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• 2024

The yield is basic and necessary information in precision agriculture that reduces input resources and enhances productivity. Yield information is important because it can be used to set up farming plans and evaluate farming results. Yield monitoring systems are commercialized in the United States and Japan but not in Korea. Therefore, such a system must be developed. This study was conducted to develop a yield monitoring system that improved performance by correcting a previously developed flow sensor using a grain tank-weighing system. An impact-plated type flow sensor was installed in a grain tank where grains are placed, and grain tank-weighing sensors were installed under the grain tank to estimate the weight of the grain inside the tank. The grain flow rate and grain weight prediction models showed high correlations, with coefficient of determinations (R2) of 0.9979 and 0.9991, respectively. A main controller of the yield monitoring system that calculated the real-time yield using a sensor output value was also developed and installed in a combine harvester. Field tests of the combine harvester yield monitoring system were conducted in a rice paddy field. The developed yield monitoring system showed high accuracy with an error of 0.13%. Therefore, the newly developed yield monitoring system can be used to predict grain weight with high accuracy.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.297-313
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• 2006

The concentration of air pollution along roads is higher than the surrounding area because ventilation efficiency has decreased due to the high-density use of space along roads in recent years. In this study, ventilation efficiency around a heavily traffic road covered by an elevated highway and hemmed in along its side by buildings is evaluated using Visitation Frequency (VF, the frequency for pollutant to return to the objective domain) and Purging Flow Rate (PFR, the air flow rate for defining the local domain-averaged concentration). These are analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based on the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. The VF and PFR characteristics of four objective domains are analyzed in terms of the changes in wind direction and arrangements of the fencing dividing up and down direction in the road center under the elevated highway. The resulting VFs are more than 1.0 for all cases, which means that pollutants return to the objective domain restricted by the elevated highway and side buildings. The influence of the arrangement of the buildings around the objective domain and the structure in the domain on the VF is substantial. In cases where there are no obstacles under the elevated highway, the local air exchange rate in the domain tends to be improved. Using these indices, the urban ventilation efficiencies between different urban areas can be compared easily.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.425-429
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• 2011

In the unlikely of nuclear reactor meltdown, the leaked core melt or corium must be contained in a device called core-catcher so that the corium can be cooled and stabilized. The ex-vessel behavior of corium involves complex physical and chemical mechanisms of flow propagation, heat transfer, and reactions with sacrificial substrates. In this study, the detailed characteristics of corium flow and heat transfer were investigated by using a commercial CFD code for VULCANO VE-U7 test reported in the literature. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) model was used to predict the interfacial surface formation of corium and the surrounding air, and the discrete ordinate model was adopted to calculate radiation between corium and the surroundings. It was found that cooling via radiation through the top surface of corium had a dominant effect on the temperature and viscosity profiles at the front of the corium flow.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.398-406
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• 2015

In this study, R-123 flow boiling experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of nanoparticle deposition on heater surfaces on flow critical heat flux (CHF) and boiling heat transfer. It is known that CHF enhancement by nanoparticles results from porous structures that are very similar to layers of Chalk River unidentified deposit formed on nuclear fuel rod surfaces during the reactor operation period. Although previous studies have investigated the surface effects through surface modifications, most studies are limited to pool boiling conditions, and therefore, the effects of porous surfaces on flow boiling heat transfer are still unclear. In addition, there have been only few reports on suppression of wetting for decoupled approaches of reasoning. In this study, bare and $Al_2O_3$ nanoparticle-coated surfaces were prepared for the study experiments. The CHF of each surface was measured with different mass fluxes of $1,600kg/m^2s$, $1,800kg/m^2s$, $2,100kg/m^2s$, $2,400kg/m^2s$, and $2,600kg/m^2s$. The nanoparticle-coated tube showed CHF enhancement up to 17% at a mass flux of $2,400kg/m^2s$ compared with the bare tube. The factors for CHF enhancement are related to the enhanced rewetting process derived from capillary action through porous structures built-up by nanoparticles while suppressing relative wettability effects between two sample surfaces as a highly wettable R-123 refrigerant was used as a working fluid.