• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.397-402
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• 1998

목적: 대뇌피질의 구조적 병변이 없는 기저핵 혈종환자에 있어서, 대뇌와 소뇌의 해리 현상에 관해 알아보고자하였다. 대상 및 방법 : CT와 MRI상 혈종이 기저핵에 국한되고, 대뇌 피질의 구조적 병변이 없는 12명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. Tc-99m ECD PECT검사가 전 예에서 시행되었고, 대조군으로 MRI상 구조적 병변이 없고 SPECT 검사상 육안적으로 정상 소견을 보인 20명의 정신과 환자가 선택되었다. 해리 현상에 의한 rCBF의 변화를 육안적으로 확인하였고, 반정량적 분석을 위해 asymmetric index (AI)를 이용하였다. AI가 기저핵, 시상, 소뇌와 대뇌 피질 (전두엽, 측두엽, 두정엽)에서 측정되었고, 대조군 AI의 (평균+2X표준편차)보다 큰 AI를 가지는 경우를 저혈류로 정의하였다. 결과: 환자군에서 측정된 소뇌와 대뇌 피질의 평균 AI는 대조군과 비교하여 통계학적으로 의미 있게 큰 수치를 보였다 (p<0.05): 소뇌 ($18.68{\pm}8.94$ vs $4.35{\pm}0.94$, 평균 표준표차), 시상 ($31.91{\pm}10.61$ vs $2.51{\pm}1.45$), 기저핵 ($35.94{\pm}16.15$ vs $4.34{\pm}2.08$), 두정엽 ($18.94{\pm}10.69$ vs $3.24{\pm}0.87$), 전두엽 ($13.60{\pm}10.8$ vs $4.02{\pm}2.04$), 측두엽 ($18.92{\pm}11.95$ vs $5.13{\pm}1.69$). 12명의 환자 중 혈종의 반대측 소뇌(10명), 동측 시상 (12명) 동측 두정엽 (12명), 전두엽 (6명), 측두엽 (10명)에서 육안적으로 또한 AI를 이용한 반정량적 분석상 의미 있는 저혈류를 보였다. 결론: 교차소뇌해리 현상과 피질 해리 현상은 기저핵 혈종 환자에서 빈번하게 관찰되었다. 이는 교차 소뇌해리 현상이 기존에 알려진 피질 뇌교 소뇌로 (corticopontocerebellar tract)의 장애가 없이도 발생할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2008

배경: 혈관수축제에 의한 동맥 이식편 직경의 감소는 상당한 혈류감소를 야기할 수 있다. 본 연구는 체외에서 여러 가지 혈관수축제에 의해 유발되는 혈관경련에 대한 혈관이완제의 전처치 효과를 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 대상 및 방법: 토끼의 상완동맥과 복강동맥으로부터 $3{\sim}4mm$ 길이의 환상 혈관절편을 제작하여 5% $CO_2$와 95% $O_2$가 통기되는 modified Krebs 용액$(38{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C)$이 담긴 tissue bath내에서 일측을 고정하고 다른 일측을 force displacement transducer (TSD $125C^{(R)}$, Biopac Inc. USA)에 연결한 후 혈관수축제를 투여하여, 이때 초래된 혈관의 장력 변화를 관찰하여 대조치로 하였다. 그 후 니트로글리세린(NTG), 니카디핀(Nica), 베라파밀(Vera) 그리고 파파베린(Papa)을 각각 $30{\mu}M$씩 40분간 전처치하였고, Krebs 용액을 15분마다 3차례 교환한 후 혈관수축제들을 연속적으로 투여하여 초래되는 혈관수축을 관찰하여 실험치로 하였으며 실험결과는 전처치 전과 후의 혈관수축제에 의해 야기된 장력의 백분율로써 표시되었다. 결과: Nica는 상완동맥과 복강동맥 모두에서 norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (AII), U46619에 의한 혈관수축을 NTG와 Vera보다 더 효과적으로 억제하였다(Nica vs NTG, p<0.01 ; Nica vs Vera, p<0.05). Vera의 혈관수축 억제 효과는 NTG와 비교하여 상완동맥에서는 5HT (5-hydrokytryptamine), AII, 및 U46619로 수축시킨 경우, 그리고 복강동맥에서는 5HT 수축시킨 경우에만 유의하였다(p<0.01). 결론: Nica와 Vera 둘 다 혈관수축제의 수축작용을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 특히 Nica는 Vera보다 혈관수축제의 작용을 예방하는데 더 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10407-10412
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• 2015

Background: ${\beta}$-elemene, extracted from herb medicine Curcuma wenyujin has potent anti-tumor effects in various cancer cell lines. However, the activity of ${\beta}$-elemene against glioma cells remains unclear. In the present study, we assessed effects of ${\beta}$-elemene on human glioma cells and explored the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: Human glioma U87 cells were used. Cell proliferation was determined with MTT assay and colony formation assay to detect the effect of ${\beta}$-elemene at different doses and times. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe cell apoptosis with Hoechst 33258 staining and change of glioma apoptosis and cell cycling were analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western-blotting assay were performed to investigated the influence of ${\beta}$-elemene on expression levels of Fas/FasL, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax. The experiment was divided into two groups: the blank control group and ${\beta}$-elemne treatment group. Results: With increase in the concentration of ${\beta}$-elemene, cytotoxic effects were enhanced in the glioma cell line and the concentration of inhibited cell viability ($IC_{50}$) was $48.5{\mu}g/mL$ for 24h. ${\beta}$-elemene could induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. With Hoechst 33258 staining, apoptotic nuclear morphological changes were observed. Activation of caspase-3,-8 and -9 was increased and the pro-apoptotic factors Fas/FasL and Bax were upregulated, while the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was downregulated after treatment with ${\beta}$-elemene at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, proliferation and colony formation by U87 cells were inhibited by ${\beta}$-elemene in a time and does-dependent manner. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ${\beta}$-elemene inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro. The induction of apoptosis appears to be related with the upregulation of Fas/FasL and Bax, activation of caspase-3,-8 and -9 and downregulation of Bcl-2, which then trigger major apoptotic cascades.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2014

Objective: To observe the effects of allogeneic and autologous transfusion on cellular immunity, humoral immunity and secretion of serum inflammatory factors and perforin during the perioperative period in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: A total of 80 patients (age: 38-69 years; body weight: 40-78 kg; ASA I - II) receiving radical operation for gastro-intestinal cancer under general anesthesia were selected. All the patients were divided into four groups based on the methods of infusion and blood transfusion: blank control group (Group C), allogeneic transfusion group (group A), hemodiluted autotransfusion Group (Group H) and hemodiluted autotransfusion + allogenic transfusion Group (A+H group). Venous blood was collected when entering into the surgery room ($T_0$), immediately after surgery ($T_1$) and 24h ($T_2$), 3d ($T_3$) and 7d ($T_4$) after surgery, respectively. Moreover, flow cytometry was applied to assess changes of peripheral blood T cell subpopulations and NK cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine levels of IL-2, IL-10, TNF-${\alpha}$ and perforin. Immune turbidimetry was employed to determine the changes in serum immunoglobulin. Results: Both CD3+ and NK cells showed a decrease at $T_1$ and $T_2$ in each group, among which, in group A, CD3+ decreased significantly at $T_2$ (P<0.05) compared with other groups, and CD3+ and NK cell reduced obviously only in group A at $T_3$ and $T_4$ (P<0.05). CD4+ cells and the ratio of D4+/CD8+ were decreased in groups A, C and A+H at $T_1$ and $T_2$ (P<0.05). No significant intra- and inter-group differences were observed in CD8+ of the four groups (P<0.05). IL-2 declined in group C at $T_1$ and $T_2$ (P<0.05) and showed a decrease in group A at each time point (P<0.05). Moreover, IL-2 decreased in group A + H only at $T_1$. No significant difference was found in each group at $T_1$ (P<0.05). More significant decrease in group ?? at $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ compared with group A (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences among other groups (P>0.05). IL-10 increased at $T_1$ and $T_2$ in each group (P<0.05), in which it had an obvious increase in group A, and increase of IL-10 occurred only in group A at $T_3$ and $T_4$ (P<0.05). TNF-${\alpha}$ level rose at $T_1$ (P<0.05), no inter- and intra-group difference was found in perforin in all groups (P<0.05). Compared with the preoperation, both IgG and IgA level decreased at $T_1$ in each group (P<0.05), and they declined only in Group A at $T_2$ and $T_3$ (P<0.05), and these parameters were back to the preoperative levels in other groups. No significant differences were observed between preoperative and postoperative IgG and IgA levels in each group at $T_4$ (P>0.05). No obvious inter- and intra-group changes were found in IgM in the four groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Allogeneic transfusion during the perioperative period could obviously decrease the number of T cell subpopulations and NK cells and the secretion of stimulating cytokines and increase the secretion of inhibiting cytokines in patients with malignant tumors, thus causing a Th1/Th2 imbalance and transient decreasing in the content of plasma immune globulin. Autologous transfusion has little impact and may even bring about some improvement oo postoperative immune function in patients with tumors. Therefore, cancer patients should receive active autologous transfusion during the perioperative period in place of allogeneic transfusion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4773-4780
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the effects of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting BCR/ABL mRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in the K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line and to provide a theoretical rationale and experimental evidence for its potential clinical application for anti-CML treatment. Materials and Methods: The gene sequence for BCR/ABL mRNA was found from the GeneBank. The target gene site on the BCR/ABL mRNA were selected according to Max-Planck-Institute (MPI) and rational siRNA design rules, the secondary structure of the candidate targeted mRNA was predicted, the relevant thermodynamic parameters were analyzed, and the targeted gene sequences were compared with BLAST to eliminate any sequences with significant homology. Inhibition of proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and colony-formation inhibiting test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and the morphology of apoptotic cells was identified by Giemsa-Wright staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of BCR/ABL fusion protein in K562 cells after siRNA treatment. Results: The mRNA local secondary structure calculated by RNA structure software, and the optimal design of specific siRNA were contributed by bioinformatics rules. Five sequences of BCR/ABL siRNAs were designed and synthesized in vitro. Three sequences, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786, which showed the most effective inhibition of K562 cell growth, were identified among the five candidate siRNAs, with a cell proliferative inhibitory rate nearly 50% after exposure to 12.5nmol/L~50nmol/L siRNA1384 for 24,48 and 72 hours. The 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786 for 24hours were 46.6 nmol/L, 59.3 nmol/L and 62.6 nmol/L, respectively, and 65.668 nmol/L, 76.6 nmol/L, 74.4 nmol/L for 72 hours. The colony-formation inhibiting test also indicated that, compared with control, cell growth of siRNA treated group was inhibited. FCM results showed that the rate of cell apoptosis increased 24 hours after transfecting siRNA. The results of annexinV/PI staining indicated that the rate of apoptosis imcreased (1.53%, 15.3%, 64.5%, 57.5% and 21.5%) following treamtne with siRNAs (siRNA34, siRNA372, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786). Morphological analysis showed td typical morphologic changes of apoptosis such as shrunken, fragmentation nucleus as well as "apoptotic bodies" after K562 cell exposure to siRNA. Western blot analysis showed that BCR/ABL protein was reduced sharply after a single dose of 50nmol/L siRNA transfection. Conclusions: Proliferation of K562 cells was remarkbly inhibited by siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, with effective induction of apoptosis at a concentration of 50 nmol/L. One anti-leukemia mechanism in K562 cells appeared that BCR/ABL targeted protein was highly down-regulated. The siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) may prove valuable in the treatment of CML.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

2003년 4월부터 12월까지 광양만으로 유입되는 33개 하천과 공장에서 유입되는 질소와 인의 유입 부하랑을 조사하였다. 전체 담수 유입량 중 섬진강, 동천, 주교천, 서천 및 심금교천에서 96％ 이상을 차지하며, 섬진강이 51-76％나 차지하고 있었다. DIN유입부하는 7월에 311,173 kg/월로 최대였고, 4월에 61,131 kg/월로 최소로 유입되고 있었다. 하천별로는 DIN의 전체 유입량 중 섬진강이 46-66％를 차지하고 있었다. 다음으로 동천이 1-20％, 덕양천이 12％, 길호천이 4％, 주교천이 5-6％를 차지하고 있었다. 그 외 하천에서는 1％ 미만으로 유입되고 있었다. TN의 유입토 7월에 417,733 kg/월로 최대였고, 12월에 119.710 kg/월로 가장 낮게 유입되고 있었으며, 하천별로는 섬진강에서 36-64％로 동천과 함께 7, 8월에 높은 유입 율을 보였으며, 길호천과 덕양천에서는 4, 5월에 높은 유입 비율을 보였다. DIP의 유입은 7월에 」0,533 kg/월로 최대였고, 10월에 1,53 9kg/월로 최소를 보였다. 하천별 DIP의 유입비운은 섬진강이 2-55％로 강우기에 높은 비율을 보인 대신 비강우기에는 생활하수인 남수천에서 8-23 ％, 덕양천에서 1-23％, 길호천에서 5-33％로 높은 비율을 보였다. TP의 유입부하는 166,279 kg/월로 7월에 최대였고, 12월에 4,837 kg/월로 최소를 보였으며, 하천별로는 섬진강에서 12-67％로 강우기에 높은 비율을 보였고, 비강우기에는 덕양천과 남수천, 길호천에서 높은 비율을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 광양만의 질소와 인의 유입부하를 제어하기 위해서는 먼저 남수천, 덕양천, 길호천의 유입을 그리고 동천과 주교천 및 공장폐수를 제어하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 판단되었다. 유입 하천수 중의 DIN/DIP 원소비는 강우기인 7, 8월에 약 18정도로 낮았고, 비강우피에는 16보다 헐씬 높은 DIN/DIP비를 보였다. 한편, TN/TP 원소비도 7, 8월에 일시적으로 7정도로 낮았고, 비강우기에는 16를 헐씬 상회하는 값을 대부분 보여 질소 보다는 유입수중의 인이 광앙만 해역의 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 제한할 것으로 추정되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2002

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 기능적 단심실의 치료로 심방-폐동맥 문합술 시행 후 나타난 합병증을 해결하기 위해 총 공정맥-폐동맥 문합술을 시행한 증례를 검토하여 그 필요성과 유용성에 대해 조사하였다. 방 법: 심방-폐동맥 문합술 후 생긴 합병증의 치료를 위해 총 공정맥-폐동맥 문합술로 전환한 환아 6명(남 : 녀=5 : 1)을 대상으로 수술 전, 후 임상 양상 및 혈역학적 검사 소견을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 기능적 단심실 환자에서 변형 폰탄 수술 후 총 공정맥-폐동맥 문합술로 전환까지의 시간은 112개월이었다. 결 과 : 심방-폐동맥 문합술 후 재수술의 적응증이 된 후기 합병증은 단백 소실성 장병증(3례), 폰탄순환 부전(2례) 및 우심방 세동(1례)이었으며, 심방 혈전증과 우심방 확장으로 인한 우폐정맥 수축이 각각 1례에서 병발하였다. 전례에서 임상 증상 및 혈역학적 소견이 호전되었지만 2례에서 단백소실성 장병증이 재발하여 heparin 투여 후 치료되었다. 총 공정맥-폐동맥 문합술전 우심방의 압력은 $18.0{\pm}3.6mmHg$이었으나, 수술 후 $14.4{\pm}3.7mmHg$로 감소하였으며, 폐동맥 형태의 퇴행은 관찰되지 않았다. 총 공정맥-폐동맥 문합술 전환 후 수술 사망률 및 중대한 합병증은 없었다. 결 론: 심방-폐동맥 문합술 후 후기 합병증의 완화를 위하여 총 공정맥-폐동맥 문합술로 전환한 증례들에서 혈역학적인 개선과 함께 예후가 호전됨을 관찰하였으며, 따라서 심방-폐동맥 문합술 후 후기 합병증이 유발된 경우 총 공정맥-폐동맥 문합술로의 전환을 적극적으로 검토할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.189-200
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• 1991

During the past few years it has been proposed that lithium clearance can be used as a reliable measure for the outflow of tubular fluid from the proximal tubule. This study was aimed to characterize the inflow dependent reabsorption of Na in renal tubule beyond the proximal tubule. For this purpose, lithium clearance was used as a measure for the inflow from the proximal tubule and the changes in reabsorption fraction of Na and water were determined in rabbits. Rabbits were pretreated with hypotonic saline solutions for an hour (50 mM/L NaCl, 20 ml/hr/kg). And then a hypertonic solution of 500 mM/L NaCl (20 ml/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in conjunction with a bolus of LiCl solution (2 mM/kg, i.v.) for conditioning the $C_{Li}$ and urine flow rate. To rule out the effect of $Li^+$ on tubular functions, a bolus of NaCl solution (2 mM/kg, i.v.) was administered. Fifteen, thirty, and sixty minutes after injection of hypertonic saline arterial blood and urine samples were taken. Urinary and plasma concentrations as well as urinary output of $Li^+,\;Na^+\;and\;K^+$ were measured. From these $C_{Li},\;C_{Na}$ and the reabsorption fraction of Na and water $(Fr_{Na}\;&\;FrH_2O)$ were calculated. These results were compared with those from control groups in which the same amount of isotonic saline (145 mM/L NaCl) and of 15% dextran solution were administered in the same way as that in experimental group. Followings are the results obtained. 1) The plasma concentration of $Na^+$ in rabbits injected with hypertonic saline reached the peak value after 15 min and thereafter no significant change was observed. Hematocrit values did not show any change, while urinary excretion of $Na^+$ increased markedly during the first 15 min and decreased thereafter. These results were not affected by an injection of a small amount of LiCl. 2) The clearances of $Li^+,\;Na^+\;and\;K^+$ in rabbits injected with hypertonic saline and LiCl solution decreased. 3) In spite of the variation in $C_{Li},\;Fr_{Na}$ did not show any significant change while $FrH_2O$ increased gradually. 4) $C_{Li}$ decreased also in rabbits received isotonic saline. $Fr_{Na}$ tended to be higher than that in hypertonic saline group, while $FrH_2O\;and\;Fr_{Na}$ did not associated with the decrease in $C_{Li}$. 5) $C_{Li}$ of the rabbits received dextran solution fluctuated persistently and $Fr_{Na}\;and\;FrH_2O$ did not change in along with $C_{Li}$ although $Fr_{Na}$ had a tendency to be higher than that in hypertonic saline group. 6) From the above results it was concluded that: (a) In rabbits with normal body store of $Na^+$, the $Fr_{Na}$ of renal tubule beyond proximal tubule. calculated from $C_{Li}$ as a measure of inflow from proximal tubule is constant in spite of variations in $C_{Li}$. (b) The $FrH_2O$ calculated from $C_{Li}$ is dependent largely upon ADH rather than inflow from proximal tubule. (c) When there is a decrease in plasma $Na^+$ concentration or ineffective body fluid. $Li^+$ reabsorption may occur in the thick segnent of Henle's loop and hence the determination of $Fr_{Na}$ and $FrH_2O$ will not be easy one, but $Fr_{Na}$ is constant under the same experimental conditions.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제4권12호
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• pp.3159-3174
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• 1997

본 논문은 매우 방대하고 복잡한 실시간 소프트웨어를 이해하기 위한 하나의 방법론과 도구의 개발 연구에 대하여 보고한다. 대부분 본 논문의 저자에 의하여 개발된 이 방법론과 도구는 ARSU(Architecture-based Real-time Software Understanding)과 SRE(Software Re/reverse-engineering Environment)이다. 재공학과정중에 실시간 소프트웨어의 이해한다는 것은 방대한 규모와 복잡성 때문에 일반적으로 매우 어려운 일이다. 그러나 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 architecture에 근거하여 구조적 ${\cdot}$ 기능적 ${\cdot}$ 행위적 측면에서 3차원적인 이해를 가능하게 한다. 이 방법을 통하여 실시간 소프트웨어를 점진적이며 체계적으로 재${\cdot}$역공학할 수 있게 한다. 첫째, 구조적인 관점은 부모－자식간의 관계에 기초한 상하 층충적으로 이루어진 소프트웨어의 전체적 구조, 그리고 명세와 알고리즘 뷰들을 통하여 관측할 수 있다. 여기에서 구조를 구성하는 기본단위는 SWU(Software Unit)이며 이 SWU는 특정 기준에 준하여 추출된다. 이 구조는 상하 또는 그 역방향으로 소프트웨어를 항해(navigation) 할 수 있게 한다. 이는 소프트웨어에 대한 개요와 상세에 관한 정보를 분리하여 상호간에 연관성이 있게 보여준다. 구조의 어떤 단계, 즉 어떤 추상화 단계에서라도 소프트웨어에 대한 기능적 ${\cdot}$ 행위적 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있게 한다. 둘째, 기능적 뷰는 자료와 제어의 흐름, 입력과 출력, 정의와 사용, 변수와 참조 등을 보여준다. 이 뷰의 각 사항들은 소프트웨어에 대한 특정 기능 정보를 제공하여 준다. 셋째, 행위적 뷰는 상태도, IEL(interleaved event list) 등을 들 수 있다. 이 뷰는 소프트웨어에 대한 실행시 동적 성질을 보여준다. 이 뷰들 외에도 각 측면과 뷰들을 위한 기능, 접속, 주석, 코드 등의 다수의 서류들이 제공된다. 본 연구의 가장 큰 장점은 구조를 항해하면서 여러 차원의 정보를 추상화하거나 세부적으로 확장할 수 있는 기능이다. 이러한 기능들은 이러한 실시간 소프트웨어를 이해 할 수 있는 토대를 마련해 준다. 그리고 이러한 장점은 재사용 가능한 요소를 체계적으로 식별하거나 검증할 수 있게 한다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.25-49
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• 2009

Advances in technology have resulted in the emergence of new information systems. The convergence of IT and manufacturing sectors has blurred the boundaries among industries. Also, such convergence has become established as a paradigm to build a new area. Especially the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunication, notably in the case of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television), is among the most salient examples of its kind in recent years as a major case of disruptive technology innovation. Despite its much fanfare, such convergence, however, has not fulfilled the expectation; it has not produced positive economic effects while negatively affecting the growth of IPIV. Stakeholders in and around IPIV including telecommunication companies, broadcasting corporations, and government bodies wish to gain control of IPTV under their wings. IPTV has drifted in the midst of conflicts among the stakeholders in and around IPTV, particularly telecommunication and broadcasting organizations in a broad sense. Our empirical research intends to deal with how audiences accept IPTV and how firms provide IPTV services to utilize their resources. Three research questions in this paper include, first, whether Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) can sufficiently explain the acceptance of IPTV as an information system. The second question concerns with empirically testing the playful aspect of IPTV to increase its audience acceptance. Last, but not least, this paper deals with how firms can efficiently and effectively allocate their limited resources to increase IPTV viewers. To answer those three main questions of our study, we collect data from 197 current subscribers of high speed internet service and/or cable/satellite television. Empirical results show that 'perceived usefulness (PU) $\rightarrow$ Intention to use' and 'perceived ease of use (PEU) $\rightarrow$ Intention to use' are significant. Also, 'perceived ease of use' is significantly related to 'perceived usefulness.' Perceived ease of handling IPTV without much effort can positively influence the perceived value of IPTV. In this regard, engineers and designers of IPTV should pay more attention to the user-friendly interface of IPTV. In addition, 'perceived playfulness (PP)' of IPTV is positively related to 'intention to use'. Flow, fun and entertainment have recently gained greater attention in the research concerned with information systems. Such attention is due to the changing features of information systems in recent years that combine the functional and leisure attributes. These results give practical implications to the design of IPTV that reflects not just leisure but also functional elements. This paper also investigates the relationship between 'perceived ease of use (PEU)' and 'perceived playfulness (PP).' PEU is positively related to pp. Audiences without fear can be attracted more easily to the user-friendly IPTV, thereby perceiving the fun and entertainment with ease. Practical implications from this finding are that, to attract more interest and involvement from the audience, IPTV needs to be designed with similar or even more user friendly interface. Of the factors related to 'intention to use', 'perceived usefulness (PU)' and 'perceived ease of use (PEU)' have greater impacts than 'perceived playfulness (PP).' Between PU and PEU, their impacts on 'intention to use' are not significantly different statistically. Managerial implications of this finding are that firms in preparation for the launch of IPTV service should prioritize the functions and interface of IPTV. This empirical paper also provides further insight into the ways in which firms can strategically allocate their limited resources so as to appeal to viewers, both current and potential, of IPTV.