• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.627-630
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate neutrophil activation markers among canine ICU (intensive care unit) control, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. These markers include WBC (white blood cells), platelets counts, blood film examination (neutrophilic band to segmentation ratio and neutrophilic degenerative changes), and flow cytometric analysis (CD11b expression of neutrophils). As a result, the mean CD11b fluorescence intensity of neutrophils and the neutrophilic degenerative change scores were both significantly higher in sepsis group (P<0.05). In addition, mortality was also found to be correlated with the up-regulation of CD11b expression in circulating neutrophils. This study demonstrates that CD11b expression of neutrophils could be more a reliable biomarker to predict prognosis in ICU patients than traditional blood film examination according to this study.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.419-430
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• 2007

Integrated modelling of surface water and groundwater has become important to satisfy the growing demands for sustainable water resources and improved water quality. In this study, the integrated model of the semi-distributed watershed model, SWA T and the fully-distributed groundwater flow model, MODFLOW is applied to Musirn river basin for the purpose of investigating its applicability to reproduce watershed-scale hydrological processes. This objective is accomplished by first demonstrating good agreement between the simulated discharge hydrographs with the measured hydrographs for the period of 2001 -2004 while simultaneously calibrating the calculated groundwater level distribution to observation wells. Next, the integrated model is used to evaluate the effect of different temporal precipitation averages on hydrodynamic processes of streamflow, percolation, recharge and groundwater discharge. Moreover, comprehensive simulations are performed to present the relationships between monthly precipitation and each hydrological component, and to analyze the temporal-spatial variability of recharge. The results show that the components are highly interrelated, and that the heterogeneity of watershed characteristics such as subbasin slope, land use, soil type causes a significant spatial variation of recharge. Overall it is concluded that the model is capable of reproducing the temporally and spatially varied surface and subsurface hydrological processes at the watershed scale.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.255-262
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• 2011

This paper has relatively high technical standard and experimental skill. The fabrication of TCO film with high transparency, low resistance and low chromaticity require exact control of several competing factors. This paper has resolved these problems reasonably well, thus recommended for publication. Indium tin oxide(ITO) thin films were by D.C. magnetron roll-to-roll sputter system utilizing ITO and $SiO_2$ targets of ITO and $SiO_2$. In this experiment, the effect of D.C. power, winding speed, and oxygen flow rate on electrical and optical properties of ITO thin films were investigated from the view point of sheet resistance, transmittance, and chromaticity($b^*$). The deposition of $SiO_2$ was performed with RF power of 400W, Ar gas of 50 sccm and the deposition of ITO, DC power of 600W, Ar gas of 50 sccm, $O^2$ gas of 0.2 sccm, and winding speed of 0.56m/min. High quality ITO thin films without $SiO_2$ layer had chromaticity of 2.87, sheet resistivity of 400 ohm/square, and transmittance of 88% and $SiO_2$-doped ITO Thin film with chromaticity of 2.01, sheet resistivity of 709 ohm/square, and transmittance of more than 90% were obtained. As a result, $SiO_2$ was coated on PET before deposition of ITO, their chromaticity($b^*$) and transmittance were better than previous results of ITO films. These results show that coating of $SiO_2$ induced arising chromaticity($b^*$) and transmittance. If the thickness of $SiO_2$ is controlled, sheet resistance value of ITO film will be expected to be better for touch screen. A four point probe and spectrophotometer are used to investigate the properties of ITO thin films.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.142-151
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was performed to search the relatively specific brain regions related to the semantic processing of Korean and English words on the one hand and the regions common to both on the other. Materials and Methods: Regional cerebral blood flow associated with different semantic tasks was examined using $[^{15}O]H_2O$ positron omission tomography in 13 healthy volunteers. The tasks consisted of semantic tasks for Korean words, semantic tasks for English words and control tasks using simple pictures. The regions specific and common to each language were identified by the relevant subtraction analysis using statistical parametric mapping. Results: Common to the semantic processing of both words, the activation site was observed in the fusiform gyrus, particularly the left side. In addition, activation of the left inferior temporal gyrus was found only in the semantic processing of English words. The regions specific to Korean words were observed in multiple areas, including the right primary auditory cortex; whereas the regions specific to English words were limited to the right posterior visual area. Conclusion: Internal phonological process is engaged in performing the visual semantic task for Korean words of the high proficiency, whereas visual scanning plays an important role in performing the task for English words of the low proficiency.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 1999

Since high concentrations of N, P, and organic C cause the excessive eutrophication in water systems, the control of nutrient export from agricultural nonpoint sources has become important. This study was conducted to estimate discharges of N, P, and organic C from a small agricultural watershed of the upper Imgo stream in Youngchun, Kyongbuk. Of the total area(1.420ha), 25% was agricultural land including paddy, upland and orchards and most of the remainder was forest. The resident population in the watershed was 194 in 80 households and relatively small numbers of livestocks including cow were raised. Mean concentrations of nutrients in the stream water were 4.95, 0.80, 6.72, 0.07 and 2.52mg/L for $NO_3-N$, $NH_4-N$, Total N, Total P and COD respectively. Annual discharges in 1997 were 28,991kg of $NO_3-N$. 3,010kg of $NH_4-N$, 37,006kg of Total N. 590kg of Total P, and 29,138kg of COD. There was a strong positive relationship between stream flow and precipitation, and also most of the nutrient discharges occurred in the rainy season (May to August). Since there was no any other industries in the watershed, agricultural practices and sewage from the resident households, forest runoff and livestock wastes were the major sources of NPS discharges. A combination of management options, including management of soil erosion and fertilizer application, could lead to reductions in nutrient exports.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.1 s.34
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the sealing defects and cracks of O-rings and a valve packing of a gas valve for a LPG cylinder. O-ring in which stops a gas leakage of a liquefied petroleum gas is very important for a LPG valve safety. Valve packing is to open and close a gas flow port for supplying and charging a LPG fuel. The sealing performance of two sealing units ism related to the leak safety and long lift of a gas valve. The investigated results show that most of O-rings was failed due to a circumferential crack in which is caused by partial press bonding failure near the partition zone and an excess compression rate. Some of the O-ring failure was originated by an extrusion of an excessive leak pressure of a LP gas. Thus, this paper strongly recommends a tight quality control and a safety guarantee system of O-rings and valve packing to guarantee a leak safety and to extend a service lift of a gas valve. At the end, a warranty policy of the sealing units should be adopted for increasing a product quality and safety of a gas valve.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.14-20
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• 2018

Electric vehicles are environmentally friendly because they emit no exhaust gas, unlike gasoline automobiles. However, since they are driven by the electric power from batteries, the distance they can travel based on a single charge depends on their energy density. Therefore, the lithium-ion battery having a high energy density is a good candidate for the batteries of electric vehicles. Since the electrode is an essential component that governs their efficiency, the electrode manufacturing process plays a vital role in the entire production process of lithium-ion batteries. In particular, the coating process is a critical step in the manufacturing of the electrode, which has a significant influence on its performance. In this paper, we propose an innovative process for improving the efficiency and productivity of the coating process in electrode manufacturing and describe the equipment design method and development results. Specifically, we propose a design procedure and development method in order to improve the core plate coating quality by 25%, using a technology capable of reducing the assembly margin due to its high output/high capacity and improving the product capacity quality and assembly process yield. Using this method, the battery life of the lithium-ion battery cell was improved. Compared with the existing coating process, the target loading level is maintained and dispersed to maintain the anode capacity (${\pm}0.4{\rightarrow}{\pm}0.3mg/cm^2r$ reduction).

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

The importance of entrepreneurship has been emphasized recently from academia and government officials and studies trying to investigate entrepreneurial alertness as core competence of entrepreneurial mindset in the research field of entrepreneurship continue. In domestic academic research, research on entrepreneurial alertness has not yet been conducted in earnest, unlike the active flow of research overseas. This paper aims to investigate what factors influence entrepreneurial alertness in the Korean environment, we conducted an empirical analysis through a questionnaire survey for CEOs of small and medium enterprises in Seoul, Gyeonggi province. In this study, we selected prior knowledge of markets and technology, positive attitude, social network, number of books per month as independent variables on entrepreneurial agility based on Ardichvili's Alertness model, and as control variables respondents' Demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, founding career were selected. According to the results of the empirical analysis, prior knowledge of markets and technology, positive attitudes, number of books per month as independent variables, showed positive influence on entrepreneurial alertness, showing statistical significance. However, the social network picked up measured variables by the number of regular meetings which are quantitative indicators, but found that there is no statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial alertness. Despite several limitations of this research, we investigate what factors influence entrepreneurial alertness through empirical research on entrepreneurial alertness impact factors that have not been explained in the domestic academic research. Although you saw it, it can be said that there is academic contribution.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.275-289
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• 2014

Recent scaled-up onshore and offshore field production tests revealed that the expectancy to produce gas from the gas hydrate deposits is gradually increasing, recognizing its potentials as one of the future energy resources. The total produced gas was approximately $480m^3$ by the hot water circulation method for 6 days' operation in Mallik 2002 project in Canada. In Mallik 2006-2008 project, the gas was successfully produced stably by the depressurization method for 6 days, up to $13,000m^3$ cumulatively. The depressurization method applied in the Mallik test was revealed as an effective way to produce gas from gas hydrates. The Alaska North Slope field trial in 2012 to inject mixed gas of $CO_2$ and $N_2$ to exchange $CH_4$ was successfully completed for the first time to produce maximum $1,270m^3$ per day. The remarkable achievement is that Japan has completed first offshore production test in the Eastern Nankai Trough, and produced approximately $120,000m^3$ of methane by the depressurization method for 6 days in March 2013. The technical challenges and uncertainties obtained from Nankai Trough production test give Korea more considerations in the aspects of well completion, reservoir formation and seafloor stability, sand control, flow assurance, and etc., due to the different geological environments and geomechnical properties in Ulleung Basin in Korea.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.4116-4120
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• 1976

With the use of many rivers increased nearly to the capacity, the need for information concerning daily quantities of water and the total annual or seasonal runoff has became increased. A systematic record of the flow of a river is commonly made in terms of the mean daily discharge Since. a single observation of stage is converted into discharge by means of rating curve, it is essential that the stage discharge relations shall be accurately established. All rating curves have the looping effect due chiefly to channel storage and variation in surface slope. Loop rating curves are most characteristic on streams with somewhat flatter gradients and more constricted channels. The great majority of gauge readings are taken by unskilled observers once a day without any indication of whether the stage is rising or falling. Therefore, normal rating curves shall show one discharge for one gauge height, regardless of falling or rising stage. The above reasons call for the correction of the discharge measurements taken on either side of flood waves to the theoretical steady-state condition. The correction of the discharge measurement is to consider channel storage and variation in surface slope. (1) Channel storage As the surface elevation of a river rises, water is temporarily stored in the river channel. There fore, the actual discharge at the control section can be attained by substracting the rate of change of storage from the measured discharge. (2) Variation in surface slope From the Manning equation, the steady state discharge Q in a channel of given roughness and cross-section, is given as {{{{Q PROPTO SQRT { 1} }}}} When the slope is not equal, the actual discharge will be {{{{ { Q}_{r CDOT f } PROPTO SQRT { 1 +- TRIANGLE I} CDOT TRIANGLE I }}}} may be expressed in the form of {{{{ TRIANGLE I= { dh/dt} over {c } }}}} and the celerity is approximately equal to 1.3 times the mean watrr velocity. Therefore, The steady-state discharge can be estimated from the following equation. {{{{Q= { { Q}_{r CDOT f } } over { SQRT { (1 +- { A CDOT dh/dt} over {1.3 { Q}_{r CDOT f }I } )} } }}}} If a sufficient number of observations are available, an alternative procedure can be applied. A rating curve may be drawn as a median line through the uncorrected values. The values of {{{{ { 1} over {cI } }}}} can be yielded from the measured quantities of Qr$.$f and dh/dt by use of Eq. (7) and (8). From the 1/cI v. stage relationship, new vlues of 1/cI are obtained and inserted in Eq. (7) and (8) to yield the steady-state discharge Q. The new values of Q are then plotted against stage as the corrected steadystate curve.