• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2009

병든 넙치에서 분리한 Streptococcus parauberis (FP2284)를 스트레스 조건을 달리하여 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus에 인위감염한 후 조직 내 생균수 변화 및 병리조직학적 변화를 분석하였다. 인위감염 실험은 건강한 넙치 (평균 어체 중 40.4 g)에 $2{\times}10^{8}$ CFU/fish 농도로 복강주사하고 스트레스를 주지 않거나 하루 2번, 2분간 Netting 스트레스를 처리하였다. 스트레스를 주지 않은 그룹과 Netting 스트레스를 준 그룹의 누적 폐사율은 각각 70% 및 95%로 나타났다. 인위감염 시킨 넙치에서는 체색흑화와 심장의 염증이 주요 임상소견으로 나타났으며, 심장에서는 주로 심외막염, 심근염 및 심근의 섬유화가 관찰되었다. 인위감염 후 심장 조직의 세균수 변화를 측정한 결과, 주사 후 3주째까지 심장 1 g당 $10^{4}$ CFU의 세균수가 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 스트레스 조건하에서 심장에서의 병리조직학적 변화가 더 심한 것으로 나타났으며, 심장 조직내 세균의 점차적인 감소가 지연되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2013

We demonstrate enhanced growth, innate immunity and protection against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced protein oxidation and cellular DNA damage in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed a chitosan-coated moist pallet (MP) diet. A chitosan-based biopolymer coated MP as the experimental diet and a non-coated MP (control) was fed to olive flounder fish. Growth, including the average weight gain (g/fish), weight gain (%) and feed intake (g) of the fish group fed a chitosan-coated MP diet increased significantly. The survival rate was reported as 100% throughout the experimental period. Immunological parameters indicated higher mucus lysozyme activity and significantly higher fish skin mucus total protein content was observed in fish fed the chitosan-coated MP diet compared to the control. A blood plasma analysis revealed attenuation of cellular DNA and protein oxidative damage caused by $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in the fish fed the chitosan-coated MP diet compared to the control group. Moreover, blood serum biochemical analysis revealed health-promoting effects, including significantly higher hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels in the fish fed the chitosan-coated MP diet compared to the control group. In conclusion, growth, innate immunity and protection against oxidative stresses were improved by feeding of the chitosan-coated MP diet to olive flounder reared in aquaculture.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2001년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.230-231
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• 2001

지금까지 많은 항균성 펩타이드가 포유류 (1), 양서류 (2), 곤충 (3) 및 식물 (4)로 부터 단리ㆍ정제되었고, 구조-활성간의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있지만, 이러한 연구는 육상생물에 제한적으로 수행되어 겼으며 해양생물을 대상으로 한 연구는 극히 제한되어 있는 상태이다. 해양생물로부터 정제된 항균성 펩타이드로서는 Flounder skin 분비물에서 pleurocidin (5), Moses sole fish에서 pardaxins (6), Horseshoe crab에서 Tachyplesin I(7), Tunicates hemocytes에서 Clavanins (8), Mollusc에서 Mytilins (9) 등이 보고되고 있지만 불가사리를 이용한 항균성물질의 연구는 희박한 실정이다. (중략)

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2007

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most important cultured fish in Korea, its farming has been negatively impacted by viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. Streptococcal infection was considered as a serious problem because of significant economic losses in olive flounder farm industry. The development and evaluation of vaccine for protection against infection by this agent were required. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic Streptococcus (S.) iniae vaccine on olive flounder Three hundreds of flounders (weight $119.8{\pm}20.7g$, body length $22.6{\pm}1.4cm$) were reared in 0.5 tons aquaria in land-marine tank system. Seawater was provided from the sea of Inchon in Korea, and water temperature was set to $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ in the vaccination and challenge test, respectively. We used the formalin-inactivated ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae (F2K) vaccine (M VAC INIAE; Kyoritsu seiyaku, Japan) originated in Japan. The vaccine was intraperitoneally administered to fish. Both of vaccinated group and control group were challenged with intraperitoneally injection by virulent S. iniae SI-36 isolates with $1.0{\times}10^7CFU/fish$ at 3 weeks after vaccination. Difference on mortality of control and vaccinated group (90.0 and 15.0%, 76.5 and 8.0% respectively) at two trials were found significant (p<0.05), and relative percent survival were 83.4% and 89.5%, respectively. The dead fishes were showed dark pigmentation of skin, abdominal extension, hemorrhagic ascites, and liver necrosis, and isolated the S. iniae strain from ascites, liver and kidney. We confirmed the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae vaccine by determinations of the optimal management condition and artificial challenge test in olive flounder.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2008

To understand the activity of non-specific defence factors in cultured Sebastes, the antibacterial effect of the serum, skin mucus and homogenate of various organs from cultured oblong rockfish (Sebastes oblongus) and rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) against pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, and Streptococcus sp. was compared with that of flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) and seabass(Leteolabrax japonicus). And the activities of proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme and haemolycin as non-specific defence factor were investigated on the oblong rockfish and rockfish. Samples from oblong rockfish showed the highest antibacterial activity by lysoplate assay on agar plate mixed with pathogens, followed in descending order by rockfish, seabass, and flounder. Turbidimetric assay was carried to evaluate the lysozyme activity of fish samples against lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeiktikus. The serum, kidney, liver, stomach, intestine and eyeball of oblong rockfish and the mucus and gill of rockfish appeared to have the highest lysozyme activity among the fish strains investigated. All samples except skin mucus, liver, and eyeball of oblong rockfish and rockfish showed proteolytic enzyme activity. Chitinolytic enzyme activity was showed in random sampling and haemolytic activity was remarkable in oblong rockfish. Therefore, Sebastes strain was proved to have effective defense mechanisms based on the antibacterial activities, and lysozyme, proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme, and haemolycin were considered to act as the non-specific defence factor of Sebastes.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2023

Objectives: Formalin is used as an anthelmintic in farms where flounder are raised. In this study, we aim to identify formaldehyde exposure levels for aquaculture industry workers and provide basic data for managing formaldehyde exposure. Methods: Exposure levels of formaldehyde in the air, including formalin spraying operations, were assessed separately for personal and area samples. In addition, considering the formalin administration method, dermal exposure to the hands was estimated when administering the chemical, and dermal exposure to the legs during water tank work was estimated by collecting water in the water tank and evaluating the amount of formaldehyde remaining. Finally, the respiratory exposure level and the estimated dermal exposure level were added to derive the total exposure level and compared with the maximum allowable human dose. Results: As a result of the airborne evaluation, the formaldehyde concentration of the worker (1 person) who performed the formalin spraying and flounder sorting was 33.61 ppb, and the arithmetic mean of formaldehyde concentrations of the workers (3 people) who only performed the flounder sorting was 3.28 ppb (range: 2.25-4.89 ppb). In the case of dermal exposure, when spraying formalin once, the amount was estimated to be 0.33-2.62 mg when wearing protective gear and 3.27-26.12 mg when not wearing it. Conclusions: There was a difference in the formaldehyde exposure level of workers depending on their operation of handling formalin and whether or not protective gear was worn. In particular, because the level of formaldehyde exposure due to dermal exposure can be significant, there is a need to improve formalin administration methods in a way that avoids skin contact as much as possible.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1154-1158
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• 2004

The classical ABC (avidin-biotin peroxidase complex) method for immunohistochemistry in the paraffin-embedded tissues bring into being disadvantage such as low sensitivity of antigen detection and highly background. The biotinyl-tyramide conjugation recently introduced for sensitive immunohistochemistry was applied to light microscopy in paraffin-embedded pancreatic and liver tissues. The protocol consists of an indirect method in which 4-5㎛ tissue sections are reacted successively within a specific primary antibody, followed by a biotinylated secondary antibody, streptavidin-horseradich peroxidase (HRP), and then finally with biotinyl-tyramide. The labeling obtained for insulin and collagen antigen tested in pancreatic and liver tissues, respectively, was found to be highly specific with the labeling for each antigen confined to its particular cellular compartment. In this study, fish (flounder) serum was specially applied to remove nonspecific binding. Background levels and nospecific deposition of the staining were negligible. This results suggest that super-signal induction method by biotinyl-tyramide conjugate can readily applied to antigen detection of the paraffin-embedded tissues.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2009

우리나라에서 Streptococcus parauberis는 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus와 강도다리, Platichthys stellatus의 병원체로 보고되는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 S. parauberis에 의한 연쇄 구균병의 수온에 대한 영향 (14${^{\circ}C}$ 및 21${^{\circ}C}$)과 넙치에 대한 병원성을 확인하고자 하였다. S. parauberis 생균을 넙치에 $2.0{\times}10^{7}$ cfu/fish의 농도로 복강주사하고 21일간 폐사를 조사하였다. 또한, H&E 염색과 in situ hybridization 방법을 이용하여 감염 정도, 조직 변화 및 세균의 분포를 포함하는 조직병리학적 연구를 수행하였다. 21일간 넙치의 폐사를 관찰한 결과, 14${^{\circ}C}$와 21${^{\circ}C}$에서의 누적폐사율이 각각 16.7%와 50%로 나타났다. 대부분의 경우 S. parauberis에 감염된 넙치는 체색흑화, 무기력, 복수에 의한 가벼운 복부팽만, 비장 종대, 간 충혈 및 각 내부 장기의 퇴색이 관찰되었다. 심장에서는 한계가 명료한 유백색의 결절과 심낭에 불투명한 염증성 삼출물이 차 있었다. 특히, 폐사가 나타나기 시작한 후 모든 실험어에서 심외막염과 심근염이 관찰 되었다. S. parauberis 인위 감염 시, 균의 검출여부나 조직 내에서의 세균 분포 양상을 관찰하기 위하여 수행한 in situ hybridization의 결과, 실험에 사용한 장기들 중 간장, 비장, 신장 및 위에서는 약한 양성 반응을 나타내었으나 심장의 심근에서 가장 강한 양성 반응을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 S. parauberis가 심근에 심각한 영향을 미쳐서 호흡곤란과 혈액순환에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되므로 S. parauberis에 의한 심외막염과 심근염은 넙치의 폐사와 직접적인 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.83-86
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• 2006

Effect of iron on the extracellular proteolytic activity of live Uronema marium was determined by fluorescence polarization (FP) method. Supplementation of 0.5 and 5.0 μM iron significantly increased caseinolytic activity of live U. marinum. In contrast, supplementation of 50 μM iron showed no significant differences in FP values compared to the control. The present result suggests that iron in cultured water or skin tissue of olive flounder may influence on the penetration and establishment of U. marinum, correlating with modulation of extracellular protease activity of the ciliates.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2016

어류 질병은 매년 대규모 해산물 양식 및 소비량에 따라 증가하고 있으며, 이를 예방 및 치료하기 위해 항생제인 OTC (Oxytetracycline)를 사용하고 있다. 하지만 이는 부적절한 사용 및 오남용을 하게 되면 인체 내 통증을 유발시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 간이시험법 및 HPLC 분석과 함께 OTC의 약욕 처리 및 경구 투여에 따른 넙치의 피부, 간, 근육에 관해 연구하였다. 약욕처리구는 물 1톤당 25 g의 농도로 1시간 1회 실시 하였고, OTC의 투여 농도를 어체중 kg 당 62.5 mg을 사료에 혼합시켜 7일간 경구 투여하였다. 미생물학적간이 검사법에서 약욕 처리구는 피부 직후에서만 양성을 보였고 경구 투여구에서는 77일째 양성으로 조사되었다. 그리고 근육은 14일째까지 양성을 보였다. HPLC 분석에서는 약욕 처리구인 간에서는 13일째, 피부는 37일째 잔해가 남은 것을 확인할 수 있었고 근육에서는 발견하지 못했다. 경구 투여구인 피부에서는 높은 농도(1.07 mg/kg)로 나타났으며, 간에서는 소량(0.56 mg/kg)을 나타냈으며 42일째의 근육에서는 남아 있지 않았다. 종합적으로 어류 양식장에서 사용 되는 OTC의 휴약 기간을 40일로 준수하면 OTC는 거의 잔류하지 않고 우리 몸에 무해하나 영양물질의 중간대사 또는 저장, 해독 등의 중요한 역할을 하는 간과 어체의 몸의 표면을 보호하고 감각작용을 하는 역할을 하는 피부는 근육에 남아 있는 OTC의 잔류량보다 몇 배의 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 하지만 이는 이전 연구에 따르면 OTC의 잔류량은 조리 온도에 따라 감소될 것으로 추측 된다.