• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to design a Content-based Korean Class model using Flipped learning for foreign students. The class model that presents on this paper will lead the language learning through content learning, also it will be enable the student more active and to have an initiative in the class. Prior to designing a Content-based Korean Class model using Flipped learning, the concepts and educational significance and characteristics of flip learning were reviewed through previous studies. Then, It emphasizes the necessity of teaching method adapting Flipped learning to Content-based teaching method in Korean language education. It also suggests standards and principles of composition in Contents-based teaching method using Flipped learning. After designing the instructional model based on the suggested standards and principles, it presents a course of instruction about how learning methods, contents and activities should be done step by step. The Content-based Korean class model using the Flipped learning will be an alternative approach to overcome the limitations of teacher-centered teaching methods and lecture-teaching methods which are the dominant of present classroom environment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2013

I investigated whether snake venom toxin(SVT) from Vipera lebetina turanica enhances the apoptosis ability of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) in cancer cells. TRAIL inhibited HCT116 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with cell growth inhibition, the expression of TRAIL receptors; DR4 and DR5 was significantly increased as well as apoptosis related proteins such as cleaved caspase-3, 8, 9 and Bax. However, the expression of survival proteins(eg, cFLIP, survivin, XIAP and Bcl2) was suppressed by the combination treatment of SVT and TRAIL. Pretreatment with the reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine reduced the SVT and TRAIL-induced upregulation of DR4 and DR5 expression and expression of the apoptosis related protein such as caspase-3 and-9 as well as cell growth inhibitory effects. The collective results suggest that SVT facilitates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells through up-regulation of the TRAIL receptors; DR4 and DR5 via ROS pathway signals.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2007

Mn 치환이 역스피넬 산화물 $Fe_3O_4$에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 졸겔 스핀코팅 방법을 이용하여 다결정 $Mn_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ 박막을 Si(100) 기판 위에 제작하고 그 구조적, 자기적, 자기저항특성들에 대한측정 및 분석을 수행하였다. X-선 회절 측정 결과, Mn 성분비가 증가함에 따라 x = 1.78까지 입방 구조를 유지하며, 그 격자상수는 증가함을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 격자상수 증가의 주된 원인으로 사면체 자리를 선호하는 $Mn^{2+}$ 이온이 이온반경이 상대적으로 작은 사면체 자리의 $Fe^{3+}$ 이온을 치환함에 의한 것으로 해석된다. 박막들에 대한 진동시료자화 측정 결과, Mn 성분비 증가에 따라 포화자화량은 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았는데, Mn과 Fe 이온들의 스핀 자기능률 값 비교를 통하여 그 정성적인 설명이 가능하다. 반면 Mn의 농도가 증가함에 따라 보자력은 감소하였는데, 이는 $Mn^{2+}$ 치환에 의한 $Fe^{2+}$ 이온 농도의 감소에 따르는 자기 이방성의 감소에 기인하는 것으로 해석된다. 자기저항 효과측정 결과, Mn 성분비 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 자화 의존도 변화와 비교분석 결과 다결정 $Mn_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ 박막 시료들에서 나타나는 자기저항은 스핀분극된 carrier의 grain boundary tunneling 및 spin-flip 현상에 의한 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.1201-1207
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• 2011

TRAIL은 최근 암세포의 apoptosis 유도를 위한 효율적인 도구로 제시되었으나 많은 암세포들이 TRAIL 저항성을 획득한 것으로 알려져 TRAIL 저항성 극복을 위한 새로운 방법론의 제시가 요구되어지고 있다. Genistein은 대두의 대표적인 생리활성 물질인 isoflavonoid의 일종으로 많은 암세포에서 G2/M arrest를 유발하면서 apoptosis를 유도하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 U937 인체백혈병세포를 대상으로 genistein에 의한 TRAIL 유도 apoptosis의 감수성 증대 여부를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 U937 세포에서 세포독성이 없는 범위의 genistein 처리는 TRAIL에 의한 apoptosis 유도를 매우 증진시켰으며, 이는 tBid의 발현 증가와 cFLIPL의 발현 감소와 연계된 caspase의 활성 증가와 연관성이 있었다. 또한 caspase의 활성 저해제는 genistein과 TRAIL의 복합처리에 의한 apoptosis를 유의적으로 감소시켜 복합 처리에 의한 apoptosis의 유도에 caspase의 활성 증대가 필수적임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 genistein은 TRAIL 저항성을 획득한 암세포의 효율적인 combined therapy approach를 위해 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제15A권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2008

본 논문은 중복 다치논리(redundant multi-valued logic)를 이용하여 초고속 디멀티플렉서(demultiplexer)를 CMOS 회로로 설계하였다. 설계한 회로는 중복 다치논리를 이용하여 직렬 이진 데이터를 병렬 다치 데이터로 변환하고 이를 다시 병렬 이진 데이터로 변환한다. 중복 다치논리는 중복된 다치 데이터 변환으로써 기존 방식 보다 더 높은 동작속도를 얻을 수 있다. 구현한 디멀티플렉서는 8개의 적분기로 구성되어 있으며, 각 적분기는 누적기, 비교기, 디코더, D 플립플롭으로 구성된다. 설계한 회로는 0.18um 표준 CMOS 공정으로 구현하였으며 HSPICE 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증하였다. 본 논문의 디멀티플렉서의 최대 데이터 전송률은 20 Gb/s이고 평균 전력소모는 58.5 mW이다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.865-871
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• 2014

Paradigm shift to 3-D chip stacking in electronic packaging has induced a lot of integration challenges due to the reduction in wafer thickness and pitch size. This study presents a hybrid bonding technology by self-alignment effect in order to improve the flip chip bonding accuracy with ultra-thin wafer. Optimization of Cu pillar bump formation and evaluation of various factors on self-alignment effect was performed. As a result, highly-improved bonding accuracy of thin wafer with a $50{\mu}m$ of thickness was achieved without solder bridging or bump misalignment by applying reflow process after thermo-compression bonding process. Reflow process caused the inherently-misaligned micro-bump to be aligned due to the interface tension between Si die and solder bump. Control of solder bump volume with respect to the chip dimension was the critical factor for self-alignment effect. This study indicated that bump design for 3D packaging could be tuned for the improvement of micro-bonding quality.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2017

Objectives : Bufalin is one of the bioactive component of 'Sum Su (蟾酥)', which is obtained from the skin and parotid venom gland of toad. Bufalin has been known to possess the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in various cancer cells. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has concerned, because it can selectively induce apoptotic cell death in many types of malignant cells, while it is relatively non-toxic to normal cells. Here, we investigated whether bufalin can trigger TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death in EJ human bladder cancer cells. Methods : Effects on the cell viability and apoptotic activity were quantified using MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. To investigate the morphological change of nucleus, DAPI staining was performed. Protein expressions were measured by immunoblotting. Results : A combined treatment with bufalin (10 nM) and TRAIL (50 ng/ml) significantly promoted TRAIL-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in EJ cells. The apoptotic effects were associated with the up-regulation of death receptor proteins, and the down-regulation of cFLIP and XIAP. Moreover, our data showed that bufalin and TRAIL combination activated caspases and subsequently increased degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Conclusions : Taken altogether, the nontoxic doses of bufalin sensitized TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in EJ cells. Therefore, bufalin might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the safe treatment of TRAIL-resistant bladder cancers.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2014

Cell death and survival are tightly controlled through the highly coordinated activation/inhibition of diverse signal transduction pathways to insure normal development and physiology. Imbalance between cell death and survival often leads to autoimmune diseases and cancer. Death receptors sense extracellular signals to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis. Acting upstream of CED-3 family proteases, such as caspase-3, Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis. Using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), we suppressed Bcl-2 expression in Jurkat T cells, and this increased TCR-triggered AICD and enhanced TNFR gene expression. Also, knockdown of Bcl-2 in Jurkat T cells suppressed the gene expression of FLIP, TNF receptor-associated factors 3 (TRAF3) and TRAF4. Furthermore, suppressed Bcl-2 expression increased caspase-3 and diminished nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) translocation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.529-538
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• 1992

최근들어 HDTV를 위한 영상 신호처리 기술이 급속히 발전하고있다. 이러한 신호처리 기술의 향상에 따라 영상신호용 특수 기억소자의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 입력 스트로브로 부터 정보를 반아 기억하는 CMOS 플립플롭을 채용한 데이타 래치 방식과 HDTV 신호에 적합한 엑세스 시간을 얻기 위하여 새로운 읽기 방식이 고안 되었다. 기존의 쓰기 방식과 비교하여 데이터 래치 방식은 완전한 쓰기 동작을 위하여 비트라인 쓰기와 메모리셀 쓰기의 2개의 과정이 필요하고 같은 번지의 동시 입출력이 가능하다. 또한 스태틱 칼럼 모드를 응용한 읽기 방식과 분리된 읽기 워드라인을 채용하여 읽기 동작시 빠른 정보 감지가 가능하다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2003

The change of microstructures in the base metal during transient liquid phase bonding process of directionally Ni base superalloy, GID-111 was investigated. Bonds were fabricated using a series of holding times(0~7.2ks) at three different temperatures. The flip chip bonding utilizing self-aligning characteristic of solder becomes mandatory to meet tolerances for the optical device. In this paper, a parametric study of aging condition and pad size of samples was evaluated. A TiW/Cu/electroplated Cu UBM structure was selected and the samples were aging treated to analyze the effect of intermetallic compounds with the time variations. An FIB technique was applied to the preparation of samples for TEM observations. An FIB technique is very useful to prepare TEM thin foil specimens from the solder joint interface. After aging treatment, the tendency to decrease in shear strength was measured and the structure of the solder and the UBM was observed by using SEM, TEM and EDS. As a result, the shear strength was decreased of about 21% in the 100${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ sample at 17$0^{\circ}C$ aging compared with the maximum shear strength of the sample with the same pad size. In the case of the 12$0^{\circ}C$ aging treatment, 18% of decrease in shear strength was measured at the 100${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ pad size sample. An intermetallic compound of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn were also observed through the TEM measurement by using.