• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1540-1545
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• 2012

Steroidogenesis requires coordination of the anabolic and catabolic pathways of lipid metabolism, but the profile of proteins associated with progesterone synthesis in cyclic and pregnant corpus luteum (CL) is not well-known in cattle. In Experiment 1, plasma progesterone level was monitored in cyclic cows (n = 5) and pregnant cows (n = 6; until d-90). A significant decline in the plasma progesterone level occurred at d-19 of cyclic cows. Progesterone level in abbatoir-derived luteal tissues was also determined at d 1 to 5, 6 to 13 and 14 to 20 of cyclic cows, and d-60 and -90 of pregnant cows (n = 5 each). Progesterone level in d-60 CL was not different from those in d 6 to 13 CL and d-90 CL, although the difference between d 6 to 13 and d-90 was significant. In Experiment 2, protein expression pattern in CL at d-90 (n = 4) was compared with that in CL of cyclic cows at d 6 to 13 (n = 5). Significant changes in the level of protein expression were detected in 32 protein spots by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and 23 of them were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Six proteins were found only in pregnant CL, while the other 17 proteins were found only in cyclic CL. Among the above 6 proteins, vimentin which is involved in the regulation of post-implantation development was included. Thus, the protein expression pattern in CL was disorientated from cyclic luteal phase to mid pregnancy, and alterations in specific CL protein expression may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy in Korean native cows.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the presence of autoantigens in the gastric juices of children. Methods: Gastric juice and serum samples were obtained from 53 children <15 years of age who underwent gastric endoscopy. Among these, 8, 22, and 23 participants were in the age groups 0-5, 6-10, and 11-15 years, respectively. These samples were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), immunoblot analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we reviewed the histopathological findings and urease test results and compared them with the results of 2-DE and immunoblot analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in urease test positivity, grades of chronic gastritis, active gastritis, or Helicobacter pylori infiltration of the antrum and body among the three age groups. Three distinct patterns of gastric juice were observed on 2-DE. Pattern I was the most common, and pattern III was not observed below the age of 5 years. Histopathological findings were significantly different among active gastritis (p=0.037) and H. pylori infiltration (p=0.060) in the gastric body. The immunoblots showed large spots at an approximate pH of 3-4 and molecular weights of 31-45 kDa. These distinct, large positive spots were identified as gastric lipase and pepsin A and C. Conclusion: Three enzymes, which are normally secreted under acidic conditions were identified as autoantigens. Further investigation of the pathophysiology and function of autoantigens in the stomach is required.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.475-488
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• 2018

Surveying urban tributary vegetation is based mainly on field sampling at present. The tributary vegetation survey integrating UAV NIR(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Near Infrared Radiance) imagery and in-situ point photo has received only limited attentions from the field ecologist. The reason for this could be the largely undemonstrated applicability of UAV NIR imagery by the field ecologist as a monitoring tool for urban tributary vegetation. The principal advantage of UAV NIR imagery as a remote sensor is to provide, in a cost-effective manner, information required for a very narrow swath target such as urban tributary (10m width or so), utilizing very low altitude flight, real-time geo-referencing and stereo imaging. An exhaustive and realistic comparison of the two techniques was conducted, based on operational customer requirement of urban tributary vegetation survey: synoptic information, ground detail and quantitative data collection. UAV NIR imagery made it possible to identify area-wide patterns of the major plant communities subject to many different influences (e.g. artificial land use pattern), which cannot be acquired by traditional field sampling. Although field survey has already gained worldwide recognition by plant ecologists as a typical method of urban tributary vegetation monitoring, this approach did not provide a level of information that is either scientifically reliable or economically feasible in terms of urban tributary vegetation (e.g. remedial field works). It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference for area-wide information obtained by UAV NIR imagery in urban tributary vegetation survey.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2018

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly been recognized as the chemical mediators of mold interactions, shaping their community dynamics, growth, and metabolism. Herein, we selectively examined the time-correlated (0 D-11 D, where D = incubation days) effects of intraspecies VOC-mediated interactions (VMI) on Aspergillus oryzae KCCM 60345 (S1), following co-cultivation with partner strain A. oryzae KACC 44967 (S2), in a specially designed twin plate assembly. The comparative evaluation of $S1_{VMI}$ (S1 subjected to VMI with S2) and its control ($S1_{Con}$) showed a notable disparity in their radial growth ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, protease activity ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 3-5 D, amylase activity ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 3-5 D, and antioxidant levels ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 3 D. Furthermore, we observed a distinct clustering pattern for gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry datasets from 5 D extracts of $S1_{VMI}$ and $S1_{Con}$ in principle component analysis (PC1: 30.85%; PC2: 10.31%) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (PLS1: 30.77; PLS2: 10.15%). Overall, 43 significantly discriminant metabolites were determined for engendering the metabolic variance based on the PLS-DA model (VIP > 0.7, p < 0.05). In general, a marked disparity in the relative abundance of amino acids ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, organic acids ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, and kojic acid ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 5-7 D were observed. Examining the headspace VOCs shared between S1 and S2 in the twin plate for 5 D incubated samples, we observed the relatively higher abundance of C-8 VOCs (1-octen-3-ol, (5Z)-octa-1,5-dien-3-ol, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol acetate) having known semiochemical functions. The present study potentially illuminates the effects of VMI on commercially important A. oryzae's growth and biochemical phenotypes with subtle details of altered metabolomes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.682-692
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• 2007

This study presents an automatic system to predict parturition time in the crated sows. The system relies on ultrasonic transducers mounted from above along the length of the crate. Using a 40 kHz time of flight (TOF) single envelope wave, the momentary distances between the sensors are measured. Therefore, the local momentary height of the sow and the momentary posture, i.e. standing posture (SDP), kneeling posture (KP), sitting posture (STP) and lateral lying posture (LLP) are determined. Crated sows change their postures from standing to lying and vice versa which follows a characteristic pattern. As parturition approaches, sows exhibit uneasiness, restlessness and the stand up sequence (SUS, the posture transition from LLP to SDP) rate increases because of labor pains. In time series, the SUS rate demonstrates a peak and it happens approximately 0-12 h before parturition. In this paper, the basic parturition threshold value method (BPTVM) and the same hour method (SHM) are proposed for predicting parturition, both of which are based on the SUS rate. The BPTVM mainly detects the peak of the SUS rate. As the SUS rate exceeds the threshold value, the parturition becomes predictable. Moreover, the SHM calculates the difference in the SUS rates between a particular time of day and the corresponding time of the preceding day. Compared to the BPTVM, the SHM can eliminate the circadian rhythm of the SUS rate influenced by feeding behavior. Using the SHM the parturition can be approximately predicted within hours. In an attempt to define the threshold parameters of predicting parturition, a data set with 32 sows of the SUS rate are used to estimate assumable predicting probability. The results show the assumable probability of the parturition prediction within 9 h is 96.9% for the SHM and 84.4% for the BPTVM. Moreover, the SHM can even reach a 75% probability of prediction within three hours of parturition. We conclude that the SHM is more accurate and is more useful for parturition time prediction. When parturition is detected, the proposed algorithm generates a warning signal which can inform human personnel to protect the mother and newborn piglets.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2005

To investigation protein expression pattern in rice leaves exposed to cold stress, the soluble proteins extracted from leaf tissue were fractionated with $15\%$ PEG and separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Differentially expressed proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Eight proteins up-regulated and 10 down-regulated were found in $15\%$ PEG supernatant fraction. In addition, 13 proteins up-regulated and 14 down-regulated were found in $15\%$ PEG pellet fraction. It was identified the differentially expressed proteins in $15\%$ PEG supernatant fraction as pimerase/dehydratase fructokinase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (Rpi), chaperonin 21 precursor, probable photosystem II oxygen-envolving complex (PS II OEC) protein 2 precursor and thioredoxin h-type (Trx-h) and those in $15\%$ PEG pellet fraction as OSINBb0059K02.15, hypothetical protein, putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), beta 7 subunit of 205 proteasome, ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit. These proteins are involved in metabolism, energy, protein synthesis, disease/defense and signal transduction-related proteins.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.511-523
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• 2019

A new Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) airborne measurement platform has been established for regular observations for scientific purpose over South Korea since late 2017. CRDS G-2401m analyzer mounted on the King Air 350HW was used to continuous measurement of CO₂, CH₄ and CO mole fraction. The total uncertainty of measurements was estimated to be 0.07 ppm for CO₂, 0.5 ppb for CH₄, and 4.2 ppb for CO by combination of instrument precision, repeatability test simulated in-flight condition and water vapor correction uncertainty. The airborne vertical profile measurements were performed at a regional Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Anmyeon-do (AMY) station that belongs to the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and provides concurrent observations to the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) overpasses. The vertical profile of CO₂ shows clear altitude gradient, while the CH₄ shows non-homogenous pattern in the free troposphere over Anmyeon-do. Vertically averaged CO₂ at the altitude between 1.5 and 8.0km are lower than AMY surface background value about 7 ppm but higher than that observed in free troposphere of western pacific region about 4 ppm, respectively. CH₄ shows lower level than those from ground GAW stations, comparable with flask airborne data that was taken in the western pacific region. Furthermore, this study shows that the combination of CH₄ distribution in free troposphere and trajectory analysis, taking account of convective mixing, is a useful tool in investigating CH₄ transport processes from tropical region to Korean region in winter season.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2022

Bullets flying with a light from the back are called "tracers". Tracers are ignited by the combustion gas of the propellant and emit bright light that allows the shooter to visually trace the flight path. Therefore, tracers mark the firing point for allies to assist shooters to hit target quickly and accurately. Conventional tracers are constructed with a mixture of an oxidizing agent, raw metal, and organic fuel. Upon ignition, the inside of the gun can be easily contaminated by the by-products, which can lead to firearm failure during long-term shooting. Moreover, there is a fire risk such as forest fires due to residual flames at impact site. Therefore, it is necessary to develop non-combustion type luminous material; however, this material must still use the heat generated from the propellant, so-called "thermoluminescence (TL)". This study aims to compare the TL emission of Dy³⁺, La³⁺ and Ho³⁺ doped MgB₄O₇ phosphors prepared by solid state reaction. The crystal structures of samples were determined by X-ray diffraction and matched with the standard pattern of MgB₄O₇. Luminescence of various doses (200 ~ 15,000 Gy) of gamma irradiated Dy³⁺, La³⁺ and Ho³⁺ (at different concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 %) doped MgB₄O₇ were recorded using a luminance/color meter. The intensity of TL yellowish (CIE x = 0.401 ~ 0.486, y = 0.410 ~ 0.488) emission became stronger as the temperature increased and the total gamma-ray dose increased.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.5-13
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• 1969

Present system of seed potato production in Korea has several weak points and consequently has difficulties in covering annual shortage of 60,000 tons of seed potatoes. The author has an opinion that this so called 'High land system' of seed potato production adopted by the Government should be replaced by the 'Coastal area system' which is proposed by the author and has many advantages over present 'High land system'(2). In coastal areas where enormous acreage of rice paddies are spread, mostly around the villages. the primary host plants of the vectors are found. Therefore, the only source of aphid vectors are limited to the villages. The farmer's houses scattered more sparsely also have minor importance. In the previous paper(2), the author reported that the aphid vector populations were lower in the coastalareas than at Taegwanryong where the Alpine Experiment Station for the production. of seed potatoes is located. However, the number to vectors at Okku showed rather high density, where the trap was placed at the distance of 200 m from a village where peach and Hibiscus trees, the primary hosts of Myzus pesrsicae and Aphis gossypii were grown. To clarify the flight distance from the source of the aphid vectors, a trial was carried out in the Kwanghwal area, Kimje-gun, Cholla-pukto. on the western coast. 13 traps were placed at four directions and the distances between the traps were 250 m. (Fig. I) The traps 'Were operated from June 21 to October 31. The results are shown in Table 1. A total of some 70 species of aphids were found, including 5 speceis of potato virus vectors. The vectors are as follows: I. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) 2. Aphis gossypii Glover 3. Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) 4. Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) 5. Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette) Out of a total of 12,797 aphids, 5,187$(48\%)$ vectors were found. The trap catches at the 13 locations are shown in Fig. 2 and the numbers of the vectors at each location for each vector, except Macro-siphoniella sanborni. of which only a single individual was caught, are shown in Fig. 3-6. Number of vectors at C (3,279) (Centre of the village) is considerably higher than that at Suwon (763); however, EI. SI. WI and NI. where the distanecs from Care 250 m, showed lower numbers of vectors than that at Taegwanryong (347). The number of vectors at NI was rather than at the other 3 locations at the distance of 250m from the village. This was because C was in the southern part of the village. Consequently NI was much closer to the village than the other 3 locations of the same distance from C. Numbers of catches of the most important vector. Myzus persicae, are shown in Fig.3. The distribution pattern is typical except $S-2\;and\;W_3$, where several farmer's houses were found. If only the rice paddies were found in these locations. the numbers of the vectors would be small as the distances increase. Numbers of catches of the other 3 vectors are shown in Fig. 4-6. From these results. the author has drawn the following conclusions: 1. The aphid vector sources at the rice paddy belt in the western coast are the villages. 2. The vector densities at the locations where the distances are 250 m from the centre of the village are lower than that at Taegwanryong. 3. The vector densities become gradually lower as the distances from the centre of village increase. However. depending on the host plant situation at each location, the vector densities are variable. These minor sources of aphid vectors may be eliminated so that seed potatoes can be grown. 4. Thus. under the direction of specialists, fields suitable for seed potato production can be found in the coastal areas.