• 제목/요약/키워드: flexible motion control

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View Scalability를 고려한 다시점 동영상 코덱 (Multiview Video Sequence CODEC with View Scalability)

  • 임정은;손광훈
    • 방송공학회논문지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.236-245
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    • 2004
  • 본 논문에서는 view scalability를 고려한 3차원 다시점 동영상 코덱을 제안한다. 다시점 동영상을 효율적으로 부호화하기 위하여 부호화의 기본 단위로는 GGOP (Group of GOP) 구조를 제안하며 그 GGOP 구조는 시점의 수와 카메라 사이의 베이스 라인의 간격에 따라 유동적으로 여러 가지 타입을 가질 수 있다 제안된 다시점 동영상 부호기는 전처리, 변이 추정/보상, 움직임 추정/보상, 차영상 부호화, 비트율 제어로 구성되며 다시점 동영상 비트열을 생성하게 된다. MPEG-2와의 호환성을 위하여 기준이 되는 동영상은 MPEG-2로 부호화를 수행하여 메인 비트열을 생성하였고, 나머지 시점들에 해당되는 동영상들은 변이 벡터 및 움직임 벡터를 이용하여 보조 비트열을 생성하여 복호단에 전송된다. 다시점 동영상 복호기는 메인 비트열을 복호하기 위한 MPEG-2 복호기와 보조 비트열을 복호하기 위한 복호기로 구성된다. 또한, 수신단에서 보유하고 있는 디스플레이의 특징에 따라 원하는 시점만을 선택하여 복호화를 가능하게 할 수 있는 view scalability 기능을 제안한다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 다시점 동영상 코덱의 GGOP 구조의 유동성, MPEG-2와의 호환성, view scalability의 성능을 확인하였다. 또한 view scalability로 원하는 시점만을 복원한 3차원 동영상을 여러 종류의 3차원 다시점 모니터에 디스플레이를 하여 주관적인 성능을 확인하였다

사염화탄소($CCl_4$) 소각을 위한 로타리 킬른 소각로 3차원 난류반응 컴퓨터 프로그램 개발( I ) (Development of a 3-Dimensional Turbulent Reaction Computer program for the Incineration of a Carbon Tetrachloride($CCl_4$) ( I ))

  • 엄태인;장동순
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.100-109
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    • 1994
  • In this study, it is investigated that the possibility of the numerical simulation for the incineration of the hazardous material, crbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$). A 3-dimensional numerical technology is applied for turbulent reacting flows of the full-scale Dow Chemical incinerator. The calculations are made by a CRAY-2S, super computer. The major parameters considered in this study are kiln revolution rate (rpm), filling ratio of the solid waste(f), burner Injection velocity and angle, and turbulent air jets for swirl. And the employed turbulent reaction model is the eddy break-up model which is a kind of fast chemistry model assuming general equilibrium and used for a premixed flame. The calculated flow fields are presented and discussed. 1) The presence of turbulent air nozzles for swirl gives rise to visible increase of the convective motion over the region of the solid waste. This implies the possibility to enhance the mixing of the waste with the surrounding all and thereby to reduce thermal and species stratification, which were reported in a large rotary kiln operation. 2) Considering that the location of the recirculation region has a strong relation with the heating rate of the solid waste, the control of the recirculation region by the burner injection angle Is quite desirable in the sense of the flexible design of the rotary kiln incinerator for a carbon tetrachloride. 3) Finally, it is found that the eddy break-up model Is not suitable for carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) because this model is not incorporated the flame inhibition trend due to the presence $CCl_4$compound.

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디자인의 형태와 기능에 관한 연구 (Essay on Form and Function Design)

  • 이재국
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.63-97
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    • 1989
  • There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the -human beings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and uk relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem: the context defmes the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenites. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is neccessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness: indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty..vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coetemal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroun'||'&'||'not;dings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Desigh Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not neccessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the $$\mu$ti-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation de'||'&'||'not;sign", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts: Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter I, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter II, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.ioned.

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