• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.549-558
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• 2011

The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (LDMF) was initially described at the turn of the century by Tansini et al, and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap (LDMFF) was also first described for the coverage of a chronically infected scalp by Maxwell et al. As a pedicled flap, LDMF has been often used for breast reconstruction and for soft tissue replacement near the shoulder and the lower reaches of the head and neck. LDMFF is a flat and broad soft tissue flap with large-caliber thoracodorsal vessels for microvascular anastomosis. A skin paddle of the LDMFF can be more than $20{\times}40$ cm, so very large defects in the oral cavity and outer facial region can be covered by this LDMFF. Other advantages include consistent vascular anatomy, acceptable donor site morbidity and the ability to perform simultaneous flap harvest with tumor resection. For a better understanding of LDMFF as a routine reconstructive procedure in large defects of the oral cavity and facial legion, anatomical findings must be learned and memorized by young doctors during the special curriculum periods for the Korean national board of oral and maxillofacial surgery. This review article discusses the anatomical basis of LDMFF with Korean language.

• 복식
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.79-95
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is firstly to survey the social and cultural background of 20th century and women´s status, and to identify what the ideal body is like and what the elements of outer garment and underwear are and the techniques to incarnate the ideal beauty. Various papers are referenced for theoretical study and the elements and techniques of underwear are analyzed based on photographical materials. This paper concludes as follows. In 1960´s, ideal beauty was small bust, long legs, which showed extremely slim Mini-skirt look. Thinly or no padded brassiere were worn for small bust, and pants-style short panty girdles were popular as they used to wear pants frequently. Lycra replaced all the closures, bones, seams and gave freedom with light weight. In 1970´s, a natural human body without sex specific was in vogue. Therefore, the non-structural knits without a pad or lining or the shirts dress were widespread for a Natural look and the naturally molded brassiere or girdles were worn as the underwears. In 1980´s, the women with powerful muscle appear which emphasized liveliness and healthfulness. The body conscious represented by wide shoulder, plump breast, accented waist, small hips, and long legs has been embodied. Outer garments emphasized women power and healthy beauty with Power suit and Form-fitting style, and underwears made the breast plump with padded brassiere and emphasized waist and hips with waspie. In 1990´s, ideal beauty was slim body with big bust and the outer garments emphasized body line of women with Hourglass silhouette. Push-up bra which emphasizes the valley of breast and supports the breast upward and the control tights for slim waist, flat abdomen, small hips, and long and slim legs have been useful as underwears. Multi-functional micro-fiber has been ideal for sculpting women body.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.231-240
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• 1998

납자루아과(亞科)에 속하는 가시납지리(Acanthorhodeus gracilis)의 두골(頭骨), 척주(脊柱), 지느러미 골격을 조사하였다. 두개부(頭蓋部)에 천문이 없으며, 상사골(上篩骨)의 전단에 돌기가 없고, 안와설골(眼窩楔骨)은 2개로 되어 있다. 기저후두골(基底後頭骨) 돌기(突起)는 전반부에서부터 발달하였고, 상후두골(上後頭骨)은 높은 삼각형 형태의 돌기를 갖고 있으며, 미설골(尾舌骨)은 선단(先端)이 2분기(分技)되고 수평판(水平板)과 수직판(垂直板)의 후방(後方)이 넓어지며 후연(後緣)이 돌출되어 있다. 인두치(咽頭齒)는 1열로 인두치식(咽頭齒式)은 5 - 5이며 4개의 유리치(遊離齒)를 갖고 있다. 편대(扁帶)에는 오훼골(烏喙骨) 구멍이 없으며, 미골추체(尾骨推體)에는 미신경골(尾神經骨)이 나타나지 않고, 길고 가느다란 후요대돌기(後腰帶突起)를 갖는다. 유리신경간련(遊離神經間練)은 넓은 판상(板狀)이고, 신경간극(神經間棘)은 14~15개이며 제1~제4신경간극(神經間棘)은 하나의 기기골을 나머지는 두 개의 기기골을 기부(基部)에 갖고 있고, 혈관간극(血管間棘)은 11~12개이며 제1~제 4혈관간극(血管間棘)은 하나의 기기골을 나머지는 두 개의 기기골을 갖고있다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of squat exercise using a ball on the gap between knees and Q angle of a subject with a genu-varum, and to prove the effect, to provide a clinical basis for developing into a knee correction exercise program. Methods : As a result of posture measurement through GPS, 26 female with genu-varum with a knee length of 5 cm or more were studied. The group was randomly assigned to 13 squat exercise group using ball (experimental group) and 13 general squat exercise groups (control group). The experimental group placed the ball between both knees in a position where the distance between both feet was slightly wider than the shoulder width on a flat support surface, and fixed the ball, and then squat with the start signal. The control group squats without a ball. Each group performed three sets of exercise three times a week for six weeks. Before their exercise, after three and six weeks, EMG, GPS, digital goniometer measurement, the vastus medialis (VM), the vastus lateralis (VL), and the Q-angle were measured in the squat exercise posture. EMG was measured in squat exercise posture. Results : The distance between the knees was reduced. EMG is activated in group A, the group B experimental results showed the high activity of the VL. Q-angle had increased. But the experimental group increased more than the control group. Conclusion : We have confirmed through our experiments that the distance interval between the knees during squat exercises using a ball can be reduced. Furthermore, it would also be helpful to ensure the treatment of genu-varum.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1979

The purpose of this study were : (1) to analyze the commercial sizes in Korea , (2) to investigate the designs and materials of one-piece dresses, and (3) to ascertain the prices and tendency to sale of dresses. A questionaire and the interviews with some producers were used for this study. The questionaire was made with many items after the pretest. For the statistical analysis, 99 dresses were used among 141 dresses which were examined. The observation of ten observers was made in markets(group A), department stores (group B), and commercial agents of manufacture (group C). The period of observation was from April 10 to May 4 , 1979. The results of this study indicated that : (1) According to makers , the commercial sizes in Korea were different. The sizes were based on only waist in group A , body measurements in group B, and either of them in group C. (2) In dress style, the box dresses were popular in three groups. (3) The type of sleeve in group A, B and C showed in following order : set in sleeve > dropped shoulder > raglan sleeve. (4) The most necklines were finished with collars. The shirtwaist collars were popular in group A and C and the flat collars in group C. (5) In dress material , cotton/polyester was popular in group A, wool in group B, and silk in group C. The use of natural fiber and color in three groups decreased in following order : C>B>A. (6) The prices of dresses were from 10,000 to 35,000 won in group A, form 23,8000 to 49, 800 won in group B, and from 12,500 to 90,000 won in group C. (7) In case of group C, the elements which had influence on sale were color, design, and price.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.31-53
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• 2008

This study is to suggest a brassiere pattern suitable to the Chinese woman by recognizing the differences among the brassiere patterns of Europe, America and Italy by comparison. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 12.0. 1. If seeing the length of the ordinary brassiere's wing in Korea, the mean is 31.02cm to be shorter than these 3 patterns. The length of a wing should be adjusted according to the degree of fabric's elasticity. 2. The ESMOD type shows a high angle of $60^{\circ}$ as the position of a shoulder strip is placed outward a lot compared with other patterns. 3. For the FIT and Marangoni types, the lengths of the inside and the external diameters show similarly to each other but the ESMOD type shows that its inside diameter is 7.5cm and external one is 9.6cm to have the difference of 2.1cm so that it is considered to put the bust together stronger than the others. 4. The cup circumference of the FIT pattern shows to be the biggest and that of the FIT pattern is the smallest. As the FIT pattern has the shape to wrap the side of the bust, it has large circumference but as it has a narrow angle of a dart, it seems to be fit to the woman with a small and flat bust. 5. For 1/2 of the nipple distance of the brassiere for the Korean adult women, it shows to be 6.12cm, much narrower than the patterns studied, and it is noticed that the ESMOD pattern is very similar to the brassier in the Korean market. 6. As the mean keeper height is 6.5cm, it is noticed that it is very similar to the brassier for the Korean adult women if comparing that the brassiere for the Korean adult has the keeper height of 6.5-8.6cm. The Marangoni pattern tends to have a little low and the ESMOD and FIT patterns have a ordinary measure.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2019

Background: The serratus anterior is one of the most important muscle for maintaining good scapular alignment in the shoulder joint. The pectoralis major and upper trapezius may also compensate for weak serratus anterior muscles. The push-up plus exercise has been identified as the optimal exercise for maximum activation of the serratus anterior. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in surface electromyography (EMG) activity of upper trapezius, pectoralis major, and serratus anterior muscles during push-up plus exercises on variously angled surfaces in subjects with winged scapula. Methods: Sixteen subjects with winged scapula (male=5, female=11) volunteered for this study. The subjects performed push-up plus exercise on four different tilt angles, namely $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. EMG activities in the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, and pectoralis major muscles during performance of push-up plus exercise were measured in all subjects. Data were processed from repeated measures one-way analysis of variance. Results: There was significant difference in the muscle activity of the serratus anterior on the different surface angles (p<.05). The results of the post-hoc analysis showed significantly greater serratus anterior muscle activity on a surface at a $0^{\circ}$ angle than at others tilt angles (p<.05). There was also significant difference in the ratio of serratus anterior to upper trapezius and serratus anterior to pectoralis major across the four surfaces (p<.05), and post-hoc analysis showed significantly greater values on the $0^{\circ}$ surface than on other tilts (p<.05). Conclusion: This study found that performing push-up plus exercises on a flat surface with $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ tilt angle achieves high activation of the serratus anterior muscle for selective strengthening. It can also take into account the sequential application, which is first performed at a $30^{\circ}$ and at a $0^{\circ}$ tilt angle for and effective but not excessive muscle activation.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of a prototype of a garment that allows middle aged men to look idealized by examining the type of perception of middle aged men based on their subjective evaluation and their characteristics. This study used the Q methodology, which is a subjective research method that finds correlations among middle aged men across subjective attributes. The types of perception of body shape of middle aged men were analyzed as three types: leaning forward shape with bird legs, developed upper body shape with thick legs, protruding abdomen obesity body shape. The leaning forward shape with bird legs was recognized as the lowest in the BMI index, and the shoulder and chest were sagging, legs were thinner than the body and leaned forward. And that the hip were protruding and had a flat rectangular shape. Developed upper body shape with thick legs was the second overweight type of BMI index. It was recognized that the ankle and calf thighs were thick and the upper abdomen protruded upper body development body. Protruding abdomen obesity body shape was the most obese type with BMI index. In this type, the height was the smallest, and the upper abdomen came out and the abdomen protruded, and the abdomen was more exuded than the chest, and the neck was thick and the hips were recognized as the big body. The middle aged men's recognitive body shape was classified as a similar to actual body shape. However, in the recognition type, the frontal and side body types were mixed and classified. It is necessary to study the ergonomic pattern considering the features of each body type. This suggests that psychological effects can be obtained that allow the body shape that changes with age to be accepted more positively.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2009

목적: 견봉의 형태가 부위별로 변화한다는 가설하에 자기공명영상에서 사 시상면을 통해 부위별 견봉의 형태를 분석한 뒤 회전근 개 질환과 견봉의 형태가 연관이 있는 사 시상면을 찾고, 단순방사선 사진과 자기공명영상간의 견봉의 형태를 비교 분석해 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 견관절 자기공명영상 검사를 하고 회전근 개 질환으로 관절경 수술을 받은 71명을 대상군으로 하고 자기공명영상 검사상 회전근개 질환이 없는 16명을 대조군으로 하였다. 사 시상면 영상에서 견봉의 외측단부터 4 mm까지 단면을 S1, 그 내측 8 mm, 12 mm 부분을 S2, S3로 정하고, 각 사 시상면에서 견봉의 형태를 제1형:편평형, 제2형:만곡형, 3형:갈고리형으로 형태를 파악하고 변화여부를 확인하였다. 회전근 개 질환을 점액낭염, 부분층 파열, 전층 파열로 경중도를 나누고, 견봉의 형태가 이러한 경중도를 반영하는 사 시상면을 찾아보았고, 각 사 시상면의 견봉의 형태와 단순방사선 사진에서의 견봉의 형태를 비교하였다. 결과: 54명 (76.1%)에서 견봉 형태 변화를 보였으며 (p<0.001), S1, S2에서 같고 S3에서 달라지는 경우가 22건 (31%)으로 가장 많았다. S1영상에서는 제1형 (49.3%), S2에서는 제2형 (53.5%), S3에서는 제3형 (49.3%)이 가장 많았다. S1, S2영상에서 견봉 형태와 질환의 경중도 사이에 유의한 연관성이 있었다 (p=0.001, 0.022). 단순방사선과 자기공명영상간의 결과는 통계적으로 유의하게 일치하지 않았다 (p>0.05). 결론: 견봉의 형태는 사 시상면마다 변하였고, 자기공명영상의 사 시상면 영상 중 외측(S1, S2) 단면에서의 형태가 회전근 개 질환의 임상 증상과 관련성이 많음을 확인하였다. 단순 방사선 영상과 자기공명영상에서 통계적인 일치성은 없었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.600-613
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide Torso pattern for Korean middle-aged women using 3D human body scan data. 155 women in their 40's or 50's were measured by Martin's anthropometry. Merging the data of 914 middle aged women provided by Korean agency for technology and standards, total of 1,069 subjects' data were analyzed. For data analysis, ANOVA, factor analysis and cluster analysis were done using SPSS PC+. And representative subject of each cluster was selected and they participated in 3D scanning and Torso pattern suggested for middle-aged women Torso pattern which investing the amount of ease according to each group for diffuse front interscye 30%, armscye circumference 30%, back interscye 40% using 3D human body scan data. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, as a result of the factor analysis, the first factor was 'obesity index of body', The second factor was 'verticality size of body', The third factor was 'verticality length of upper bodice', The fourth factor was 'drop value to represent silhouette', and the fifth factor was 'physique of upper bodice'. And, middle-aged women type were classified 3 types according to the cluster analysis. Type 1(Y-type) was the long upper Torso with wide shoulder. Type 2(H-type) was flat-body type with comparatively thin upper bodice and thin lower bodice. And type 3(A-type) was the obese type with comparatively thin upper bodice and fat lower bodice. Secondly, using CAD program, point filtering was performed and approximated surface model was made. It used that generated surface smoothing corrected for abnormally extruded points and scattered points based on the curvature information. And 3D surfaces were flatted onto the plane by the internal tools of CAD program. Difference ratios of outline length and area between 3D curves and 2D plane were 0.42% and 0.54%, respectively. Third, wearing test by the sensory evaluation showed that distinct difference almost every category. The movement functionality test shows that, in all the tests which reveal significant differences, especially, 'comparison pattern A' experienced inconvenience to neck width and neck depth.