• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.85-88
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 액체로켓 분사기에서 임계압력 이상의 추진제의 혼합과 연소과정을 수치적으로 모사하여 분석하고자 하였다. 이 과정에서 확장된 $k-{\varepsilon}$ 난류 모델을 이용하여 난류 속도장을 예측하였고 고압에서의 실제 유체 효과를 고려하기 위하여 혼합 추진제의 물성치는 SRK 상태 방정식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 또한 난류 확산 화염에서의 좀 더 정확한 난류와 화학반응의 상호작용을 고려하기 위하여 실제 유체 효과를 고려할 수 있는 층류 화염편 모델을 이용하였다. 수치적인 계산을 바탕으로 이상기체 가정을 사용한 결과와 비교하여 실제 유체의 효과와 기체메탄/액체산소 동축 전단 분사기의 제트화염 구조를 상세하게 살펴보았다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2002

The temperature field of a counterflow non-premixed flame is investigated using thermocouples of two sizes. A thermal balance is performed on the thermocouple in order to calculate the magnitude of the radiation corrections involved. Both the thermocouple wire and bead are separately considered to be the relevant thermal surface to which convective heat transfer takes place, and from which radiation lasses occur. The flame is also simulated by using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism in a previously developed computer code. The local thermo-physical properties of the gas mixture, required to calculate the corrections, are determined both from the simulation, and by approximating the properties of the mixture as those of molecular nitrogen at the measured temperatures. It is concluded that the thermocouple wire is the appropriate thermal surface to which radiation corrections apply, in the absence of information about the gas mixture, its properties can be reasonably approximated by those of nitrogen rm ($N_2$), and the radiation corrections are very sensitive to misalignments in the temperature and velocity fields.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.3054-3062
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• 1995

Recently, the improvement of fuel economy and the reduction of exhaust smoke and NOx have been successfully achieved by supplying diesel engines with emulsified diesel oil with water particles. In the present paper, the difference between the combustion of injected emulsified fuel and that of diesel oil spray is clarified by means of taking high-speed and color photographs of the flames in the engine cylinder. As the results, the two kinds of fuels show different combustion behavior each other in the growth of initial flame and in the termination of combustion process in the cylinder. Then, suitable combustion chamber design for the use of emulsified fuel is discussed on the basis of experimental data for various distribution of spray in different kinds of piston cavities. Some methods of clearing troubles caused by emulsified fuel injection are also discussed on the basis of performance tests with a remodeling test engine.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.725-732
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• 2000

Laser induced incandescence (LII) method is frequently used to measure soot volume fraction in flames. In this study, experiments were performed to measure soot volume fraction in coaxial diffusion flame using LII method and calibrated with laser scattering/extinction method. The effects of laser intensity (>$1{\times}10^8W/cm^2$), laser wavelength (532nm, 1064nm) and detection wavelength (400nm, 600nm) on the LII signal were investigated. On the range of $4{\times}10^8{\sim}8{\times}10^8W/cm^2$ there were no effects of laser intensity on LII signal. Except these ranges, LII signal was increased with laser intensity. For the long gate width, the LII signals of the higher laser intensity (>${\vartheta}(GW/cm^2)$) cases had better correlation with soot volume fraction which were measured by laser extinction method compared with lower laser intensity cases. The errors of 2-dimensional cases at the calibration height were approximately 50% regardless of laser wavelength.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1298-1303
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• 2004

The characteristics of soot near the soot inception point for an ethene-air flame was carried out in a WSR (well-stirred reactor). The new sampling tool like the temperature controlled filter system was introduced to minimize the condensation during sampling. The new analysis tools applied include the real time size distribution analysis with the Nano-DMA, particle size by transmission electron microscopy, C/H analysis, g filter analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis using both non-oxidative and oxidative pyrolysis. The WSR can generate young soot particles that can be collected and examined to gain insight into inception. For the current conditions, soot does not form for ${\Phi}=1.9$, inception occurs at or before ${\Phi}=2.0$, and inception combined with soot surface growth and/or coagulation occurs for ${\Phi=2.1}$. The filter samples for ${\Phi}$=1.9 are composed of volatile compounds that evolve at relatively low temperatures when heated in the presence or absence of $O_2$. The samples collected from the WSR at ${\Phi}=2.0$ and ${\Phi}=2.1$ are precursor-like in morphology and size. They have higher C/H ratios and lower organic percentages than precursor particles, but they are clearly not fully carbonized soot. The WSR PAH distribution is similar to that in young soot from inverse flames.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Gas turbines for generation are operated under high temperatures, high pressures and in corrosive environments for long periods of time. This environment causes serious damage to these parts. Therefore, the material, coating, and cooling technology used with a gas turbine are important factors with regard to turbine blade development. One method that can be used to protect a product from harsh conditions is the coating technology. A turbine blade undergoes very aggressive thermal stress and experiences high-temperature fatigue. In order to reduce the surface temperature of the components and protect the blade from high-temperature flames, a thermal barrier coating (TBC) is applied to its substrate. This study confirms the applicability of an inspection system for the turbine blade coating layer using an artificial heat source.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2008

Reburning is a useful technology in reducing nitric oxide through injection of a secondary hydrocarbon fuel. In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of fuel lean reburning on $NO_X/CO$ reduction in LPG flame. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl burner, which was mounted at the bottom of the furnace. Tests were conducted using LPG gas as the reburn fuel as well as the main fuel. The effects of reburn fuel fraction and injection location of the reburn fuel were studied when the fuel lean reburning system was applied. The paper reports data on flue gas emissions and temperature distribution in the furnace for a wide range of experimental conditions. At steady state, temperature distribution and emission formation in the furnace have been measured and compared. This paper makes clear that in order to decrease both NOx and CO concentrations in the exhaust when the fuel lean reburning system was adapted, it is important that the control of some factors such as initial equivalence ratio, reburn fuel fraction and temperature of reburn fuel injection region. Also it shows the fuel lean reburning is also effective method to reduce NOx as much as reburning.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2008

In this article, $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were synthesized by using $O_2$-enriched coflow, hydrogen, diffusion flames. We investigated the thermal stability of the flame-synthesized $TiO_2$ nanoparticles by examining the crystalline structures of the nanoparticles. Also, the results were compared with those of commercial P-25 nanoparticles. $TiO_2$ nanoparticles, which were spherical with diameters approximately ranging from 30 to 60nm, were synthesized. From the XRD analyses, about 96wt% of the synthesized nanoparticles were anatase-phase. After the heat-treatment at $800^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes, the synthesized $TiO_2$ nanoparticles showed no significant changes of their shapes and crystalline phases. On the other hand, most of the commercial particles sintered with each other and changed to the rutile-phase. Based on the result of XRD analysis it is believed that the flame-synthesized $TiO_2$ nanoparticles have higher thermal stability at $800^{\circ}C$ than the commercial particles.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.1979-1983
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• 2008

The effects of carbon dioxide addition to oxygen have been investigated with swirl-stabilized premixed methane flame in a laboratory-scale pre-mixed combustor. The methane fuel and oxydant mixture gas ($CO_2$ and $O_2$) were mixed in a pre-mixer and introduced to the combustor through different degrees of swirl vanes. The flame characteristics were examined for different amount of carbon dioxide addition to the methane fuel and different swirl strengths. The effects of carbon dioxide addition and swirl intensity on the combustion characteristics of pre-mixed methane flames were examined using chemiluminescence techniques to provide information about flow field. The results show that the flame area increases at upstream of reaction zone because of increase in recirculation flow for increase in swirl intensity. The flame area is also increased at the downstream zone by recirculation flow because of increase in swirl intensity which results in higher centrifugal force. The OH and CH radical intensity of reaction zone decrease with carbon dioxide addition because the carbon dioxide plays a role of dilution gas in the reaction zone.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 화염의 안정화를 위하여 사용되는 선회류 발생 장치의 베인에 작은 스케일의 난류를 발생시킬 수 있는 난류 발생기를 장착하여 연료와 흡입공기의 혼합을 촉진시키고, 연소와 온도의 균일도를 향상시키기 의한 실험적 검토를 행하였다. 실험에서는 내부 혼합용 이유체 분사노즐 사용하여 등유를 분사시킨 후 연료와 흡입공기의 혼합과 연소 현상을 관측하였다. 난류발생기는 베인 각도에 따른 베인과 베인 사이의 각 단면의 면적을 계산하여 그 유로단면의 면적에 대한 비율로서 난류발생기의 면적을 결정하여 선회기를 통과하는 유로 단면적의 각각 0%, 3%, 7%, 12%에 해당하는 면적의 난류 발생기를 제작하여 선회기 출구 베인의 끝단에 설치하였다. 실용 연소기의 구조를 어느 정도 단순화한 환형 연소기에서의 농도분포, 화염구조 및 온도분포를 조사하여 효과적인 연소기내의 연소제어에 사용하고자 한다.