• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.892-898
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• 2017

In this study, the basic properties of recoverable gaseous and solid materials were investigated from heavy oil contained in the resources. The basic characteristics of pyrolysis reaction for the conversion of bituminous oil to pyrolysis various temperature were investigated. The characteristics of gas and solid phase byproducts were also investigated with a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor according to various reaction temperature. As a result, it was confirmed that the oil yield was about 17% at $550^{\circ}C$ and $CH_4$, $CaCO_3$ and CaO could be recovered as by-products.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.292-298
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• 2016

In this study, the pyrolysis process was carried out in order to upgrade of heavy oil contained in the resources from Indonesia. In order to investigate the composition and basic properties of the heavy oil contained in the resources, the various analytical methods was used and then the TGA (thermogravimetric) method was especially used for the thermal degradation characteristics of heavy oil in the pyrolysis. From the results obtained from the various analytical methods, the reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature was collected for the pyrolysis process and the pyrolysis using the resources containing the heavy oil was conducted using the fixed-bed reactor under the various reaction conditions. Consequently, We found that the content of heavy oil contained in the resources was about 35% and the conversion of heavy oil and the recovery efficiency of thermal degradation oil were about 21 and 80%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1533-1546
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• 2023

Nanoemulsion is an emulsion with a particle size of about 20 ~ 200 nm and has the advantage of having a transparent or translucent appearance and improving the skin permeability of an effective material with a small particle size, so it is applied in various fields. In this study, eight oils with different types of HLB and 16 oils with different types of required HLB were selected to investigate the effect of the required HLB and the type on the formation of nanoemulsion. The surfactants used at this time were Polysorbate 60 (HLB 14.9), Sorbitan state (HLB 4.7), PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil (HLB 14.0), which were mixed with Polysorbate 60 and Sorbitan state, fixed with HLB 14.0, and Polysorbate 60 and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, respectively. The formation of nanoemulsion was different depending on the type of oil, and oil with an ester structure showed a relatively excellent nanoemulsion formation ability. In particular, it was confirmed that a stable nanoemulsion was formed without a significant change after Cetyl ethylhexanoin was produced in a small size of 40 nm or less on average. In addition, it was found that using a mixture of Polysorbate 60 and Sorbitan stearate has a superior nanoemulsion formation ability than using PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil or Polysorbate 60 alone.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.625-639
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• 2015

Monopiles have been most widely used for supporting offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in shallow water areas. However, multi-member lattice-type structures such as jackets and tripods are also considered good alternatives to monopile foundations for relatively deep water areas with depth ranging from 25-50 m owing to their technical and economic feasibility. Moreover, jacket structures have been popular in the oil and gas industry for a long time. However, several unsolved technical issues still persist in the utilization of multi-member lattice-type supporting structures for OWTs; these problems include pile-soil-interaction (PSI) effects, realization of dynamically stable designs to avoid resonances, and quick and safe installation in remote areas. In this study, the effects of PSI on the dynamic properties of bottom-fixed OWTs, including monopile-, tripod- and jacket-supported OWTs, were investigated intensively. The tower and substructure were modeled using conventional beam elements with added mass, and pile foundations were modeled with beam and nonlinear spring elements. The effects of PSI on the dynamic properties of the structure were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation considering the load amplitude, scouring depth, and the uncertainties in soil properties.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2023

Whilst Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can provide important insights over time and across contexts among rotation workers whose work periods alternate with leave at home, it can also be challenging to implement in the resources and construction sectors. This review aimed to provide a summary of the methodological characteristics of EMA studies assessing health outcomes and related behaviors in rotation workers. Systematic searches in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were done to include 23 studies using EMA methods in assessing health-related outcomes and behaviors. EMA designs included daily diary: assessments once per day typically fixed at the end of day (47.8%), within day fixed interval time-based design: assessments on multiple times per day at certain times of day (17.4%) and combination of both designs (34.8%). Studies employed paper and pencil diaries (73.9%) and one or more electronic methods (60.9%): wrist-worn actigraphy device (52.2%) and online-based diaries (26.1%) for data collection. Most of the studies (91.3%) did not report prompting -EMAs by schedule alerts or compliance. Daily diary and within day fixed interval dairies designs are common, with the increasing use of electronic EMA delivery techniques. It is unclear how well participants adhere to assessment schedules, as these are inadequately reported. Researchers should report compliance-related information.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.143-149
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• 1999

The mounting technology of ceramic candle elements utilizing disk spring was tested in a hot bench unit. Seven SiC candle elements were fixed in three groups by 2, 2, and 3 elements per group. And its performance was investigated in a hot gas stream using oil burned-exhaust gas. The experimental results showed that this mounting method gave a good performance enough to be useful for the particulate removal in the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). Some operational characteristics of the groupfilter were observed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and canola oil on the quality traits of chicken nuggets. The nuggets were prepared from the breast meat of 75-week-old Hy-line old layer. Experiment 1 was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding different levels (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) of STPP addition (w/w). It was found that moisture content and cooking yield were significantly increased by the addition of STPP (P<0.05). STPP addition significantly increased hardness and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) value (P<0.05). Thereafter, STPP addition was fixed at 0.3% (w/w) and another experiment was performed to investigate the effect of canola oil addition (w/w) at different levels (5%, 10%, and 15%). There was no difference in pH depending on canola oil content. However, emulsion capacity, fat loss, and total water loss increased with the increase in canola oil content (P<0.05). Hardness and WBSF value showed significant decreases as canola oil content increased (P<0.05). Texture and overall acceptance were significantly increased with the increase in canola oil content in a test based sensory evaluation. In conclusion, adding 0.3% STPP and 15% canola oil to chicken nuggets made from the old layer could produce a product with an acceptable quality.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1479-1488
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• 2022

Accidents in which oil spills occur intermittently in the ocean due to ship collisions and sinkings. In order to prepare prompt countermeasures when such an accident occurs, it is necessary to accurately identify the current status of spilled oil. To this end, the Coast Guard patrols the target area with a fixed-wing airplane or helicopter and checks it with the naked eye or video, but it was difficult to determine the area contaminated by the spilled oil and its exact location on the map. Accordingly, this study develops a technology for direct ortho-rectification by automatically geo-referencing aerial images collected by the Coast Guard without individual ground reference points to identify the current status of spilled oil. First, meta information required for georeferencing is extracted from a visualized screen of sensor information such as video by optical character recognition (OCR). Based on the extracted information, the external orientation parameters of the image are determined. Images are individually orthorectified using the determined the external orientation parameters. The accuracy of individual orthoimages generated through this method was evaluated to be about tens of meters up to 100 m. The accuracy level was reasonably acceptable considering the inherent errors of the position and attitude sensors, the inaccuracies in the internal orientation parameters such as camera focal length, without using no ground control points. It is judged to be an appropriate level for identifying the current status of spilled oil contaminated areas in the sea. In the future, if real-time transmission of images captured during flight becomes possible, individual orthoimages can be generated in real time through the proposed individual orthorectification technology. Based on this, it can be effectively used to quickly identify the current status of spilled oil contamination and establish countermeasures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2010

To improve the gear noise quality, gear tooth grinding machine are widely used in automotive industry. While using the gear profile grinding machine to improve the gear tooth quality of the transmission, several defects such as chattering, tooth waves that cause the gear noise occasionally happened. But it is very difficult to solve that problem, because there is no one who knows the setting up the optimal grinding condition appropriately. The abnormal manufacturing conditions which make the gear noise make the engineer to spend a lot of time, effort, and money. Due to demands for solving the serious abnormal gear noise happened in the new FF 6th stage automatic transmission in the mass product stage, the vibration checking process in the worm wheel axis, work rotation and fixed axis of the grinding machine were adapted to find the root causes. As a result, gear profile wave are affected by the work rotation axis's unbalance which is caused by worm wheel feeding speed. And a primary and the secondary grinding feeding speed, cutting oil, work fixed forces are also proved as the important factors. After setting up the grinding condition reported in this paper, it was adapted successfully to the grinding machine to manufacture the new FF 6th speed automatic transmissions' output gear. The gear noise was dramatically disappeared and the process and results will offer good guides to the engineers who manufacture the gear with the grinding machine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.665-671
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• 2010

To improve the gear noise quality, gear tooth grinding machine are widely used in automotive industry. While using the gear profile grinding machine to improve the gear tooth quality of the transmission, several defects such as chattering, tooth waves that cause the gear noise occasionally happened. But it is very difficult to solve that problem, because there is no one who knows the setting up the optimal grinding condition appropriately. The abnormal manufacturing conditions which make the gear noise make the engineer to spend a lot of time, effort, and money. Due to demands for solving the serious abnormal gear noise happened in the automatic transmission in the mass product stage, the vibration checking process in the worm wheel axis, work rotation and fixed axis of the grinding machine were adapted to find the root causes. As a result, gear profile wave are affected by the work rotation axis's unbalance which is caused by worm wheel feeding speed. And a primary and the secondary grinding feeding speed, cutting oil, work fixed forces are also proved as the important factors. After setting up the grinding condition reported in this paper, it was adapted successfully to the grinding machine to manufacture the new automatic transmissions' gear. The gear noise was dramatically disappeared and the process and the results will offer good guides to the engineers who manufacture the gear with the grinding machine.