• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.5
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• pp.179-208
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• 2002

In this paper, I explained the dominating/dominated relationship of Japan and Colonized Korea by analysing the management system of official documents. I examined the theory and practices of the classification used by the office of the Governor-General for preserving official documents whose production and circulation ended. In summary, first, the office of the Governor-General and its municipal authorities classified and filed documents according to the nature and regulations on apportionment for the organizations. The apportionment of the central and local organs was not fixed through the colonial period and changed chronologically. The organization and apportionment of the central and local organs reflected the changes in the colonial policies. As a result, even in the same organs, the composition of documents had differences at different times. The essential way of classifying documents in the colonial period was to sort out official documents which should be preserved serially and successively according to each function of the colonial authorities. The filing of documents was taken place in the form of the direct reflection of organizing and apportioning of the function among several branches of the office of the Governor-General and other governmental organs. However, for the reason that filing documents was guided at the level of the organs, each organ's members responsible for documents hardly composed the filing unit as a sub-category of the organ itself. Second, Japan constructed the infrastructure of colonial rule through the management system of official documents. After Kabo Reform, the management system of official documents had the same principles as those of the Japan proper. The office of the Governor-General not only adopted several regulations on the management of official documents, but also controlled the arrangement and the situation of document managing in the local governmental organizations with the constant censorship. The management system of documents was fundamentally based on the reality of colonial rule and neglected many principles of archival science. For example, the office of Governor-General labelled many policy documents as classified and burnt them only because of the administrative and managerial purposes. Those practices were inherited in the document management system of post-colonial Korea and resulted in scrapping of official documents in large quantities because the system produced too many "classified documents".

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.653-667
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• 2019

Using cross-ties to connect cables together when forming a cable network is regarded as an efficient method of mitigating cable vibrations. Cross-ties have been extended and fixed on bridge decks or towers in some engineering applications. However, the dynamics of this kind of system need to be further studied, and the effects of extending cross-links to bridge decks/towers on the modal response of the system should be assessed in detail. In this paper, a system of two cables connected by an inter-supported cross-link with another lower cross-link extended to the ground is proposed and analyzed. The characteristic equation of the system is derived, and some limiting solutions in closed form of the system are derived. Roots of cable system with special configurations are also discussed, attention being given to the case when the two cables are identical. A predictable mode behavior was found when the stiffness of inter-connection cross-link and the cross-link extended to the ground were the same. The vector of mode energy distribution and the degree of mode localization index are proposed so as to distinguish global and local modes. The change of mode behaviors is further discussed in the case when the two cables are not identical. Effects of cross-link stiffness, cross-link location, mass-tension ratio, cable length ratio and frequency ratio on $1^{st}$ mode frequency and mode shape are addressed.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.81-88
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• 2018

Seismic isolation systems have typically been used in the form of base seams in mid-rise and low-rise buildings. In the case of high-rise buildings, it is difficult to apply the base isolation. In this study, the seismic response was analyzed by changing the installation position of the seismic isolation device in 3D high - rise model. To do this, we used 30-story and 40-story 3D buildings as example structures. Historic earthquakes such as Mexico (1985), Northridge (1994) and Rome Frieta (1989) were applied as earthquake loads. The installation position of the isolation device was changed from floor to floor to floor. The maximum deformation of the seismic isolation system was analyzed and the maximum interlaminar strain and maximum absolute acceleration were analyzed by comparing the LB model with seismic isolation device and the Fixed model, which is the base model without seismic isolation device. If an isolation device is installed on the lower layer, it is most effective in response reduction, but since the structure may become unstable, it is effective to apply it to an effective high-level part. Therefore, engineers must consider both structural efficiency and safety when designing a mid-level isolation system for high-rise buildings.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2019

This study was aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge of the health effects of cigarette smoking on health and wellbeing among adults. A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey research design was used for this study. Two hundred and seventy copies of the questionnaire collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency count, normative percentage and grand mean; as well as inferential statistics of chi-square (${\chi}^2$). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05. Appropriate degrees of freedom were worked out. The influence of gender on the knowledge of the negative effect of cigarette smoking among adults in sokoto. The results shows that 48% agreed on the negative effects of showing among male followed by 29.3% among female, those who undecided 8.8% male and 4.4% females while those who disagree are 6.2% for male and 2.5% for female. The research concluded that the knowledge of negative effect of cigarette smoking among adults in sokoto metropolis was very good across the different variable (marital status, gender, and year in higher institution) with single, male and first year in higher institution showing significantly good knowledge of the negative effect of cigarette smoking.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.184-194
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• 2019

Background: The extent of coverage rate of the public health insurance is still insufficient to meet healthcare needs. Private health insurance (PHI) plays a role to supplement coverage level of national health insurance in Korea. It is expected that reduce unmet need healthcare. This study was aimed to identify relationship between PHI type and the unmet healthcare need and its associated factors. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2014 Korea Health Panel Survey using nationally representative sample was analyzed. Respondents were 8,667 who were adults over 20 years covered by PHI but have not changed their contract. According to the enrollment form, PHI was classified into three types: fixed-benefit, indemnity, and mixed-type. To identify factors associated with unmet needs, multiple logistic regression conducted using the Andersen model factors, which are predisposing factors, enabling factors, and need factors. Results: Our analysis found that subjects who had PHI with mixed-type were less likely to experience unmet health care needs compared than those who did not have it (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.98). As a result of analyzing what affected their unmet healthcare needs, the significant factors associated with unmet medical need were gender, marital status, residence in a metropolitan area, low household income, economic activity participation, self-employed insured, physically disabled, low subjective health status, and health-risk factors such as current smoking and drinking. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that having PHI may reduce experience of unmet healthcare needs. Findings unmet healthcare needs factors according to various subjects may be useful in consideration of setting policies for improving accessibility to healthcare in Korea.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.68-85
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the New-Hanbok styling of online shopping mall, and to also suggest a solution to the problems of the New-Hanbok styling and develop a progressive plan. The research method was to search six keywords related to 'Hanbok' in the search portal 'Naver' and select 14 Hanbok brand companies. A total of 412 pictures of products for the model used on main screen were analyzed among 14 companies. The results of analyzing the New-Hanbok styling are as follows. First, the New-Hanbok styling showed the unstructured characteristics like unconventional arrangement after getting out of the fixed form of traditional Hanbok styling elements. Secondly, diverse images were represented as the hairstyle and makeup were highlighted as the elements of New-Hanbok styling. Thirdly, the new, fresh, trendy, and fashionable New-Hanbok styling was shown through the mix-and-match of traditional Korean-style accessories and fashion jewelries. However, regarding the New-Hanbok styling shown in online shopping mall, the overlapped items were especially found while the difference in material, pattern, and color required to overcome this problem was insufficient. It was lacking in the styling consistency for the establishment brand image while the awareness of the importance of accessory styling was insufficient. The brand competitiveness of the New-Hanbok could be secured by raising awareness on differentiation, consistency, and importance through the styling elements such as item composition, material, pattern, color, hairstyle, makeup, and accessory of brand.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-77
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• 2017

Diversification strategy is important for the enterprise which intends to expand its competitive advantage. However, it is not always a success because of its different form and level which brings us totally different results also. This study analysis the effect from diversification strategy on firm performance and we divided the diversification strategy into two different level: products diversification level and international diversification level. We select financial data from 88 China listed enterprises during the year from 2008-2013 and use fixed effect model to do the analysis. According to the result, there is a positive effect between diversification strategy and firm value. A company which has the higher products diversification level and international diversification level will more possibly achieve success in diversification strategy. However, there is no significant effect on firm's profit. Considering the time effect of profit, we used after 1 year profit data and find that the enterprise which has a higher level of international diversification will have less profit, but there is also no significant effect between product diversification and firm's profit.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.35
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• pp.361-384
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• 2012

In this study, I considered an important characteristic of system in pre-Qin philosophy that accomplished all categories with the best value. I pointed out misreading that thinkers separated fazhi-theory from shu zhi- theory of Hanfeizi. So I analyzed argument causes of Hanfeizi's shuzhi-theory through epistemology, ethics, military theory. And I proved that understanding the actual conditions and essences of things assured the objective bases on a reward and punishment. There are three things about argument bases of Hanfeizi's shuzi-theory. First, the epistemology that analyzes the actuality of a thing and that endows a duty matching the natural character of a thing. Second, ethics that isn't restricted by a fixed form and is in harmony with a law and that reveals a selfish character freely. Third, military theory, that is a trick that analyzes the quality of a case and a thing accurately. Above the three show that there are an objective basis of reward and punishment and an fair execution about a law in Hanfeizi's shuzhi-theory.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.897-905
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• 2012

Directional solidification experiments were carried out in a hypoeutectic Al-11.3Si-3.5Cu system to investigate the microstructural evolution with the solidification rate. At a fixed temperature gradient, a dendritic microstructure was observed at a constant speed of more than $25{\mu}ms^{-1}$, a cellular interface developed at $5{\mu}ms^{-1}$ and the growth rate of $0.5{\mu}ms^{-1}$ led to the stability of the planar interface. The results revealed that primary silicon phases formed among cells, even though the studied Al-Si alloy system formed the composition within a hypoeutectic silicon composition. This suggests that the liquid concentration among cells during solidification reached a higher concentration, i.e., the eutectic concentration. It is, however, interesting that primary silicon phases did not form during a dendritic growth of more than $25{\mu}ms^{-1}$. These experimental observations are explained using the theoretical models on the interface temperatures.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.4268-4289
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• 2020

Advanced traffic signal timing method plays very important role in reducing road congestion and air pollution. Reinforcement learning is considered as superior approach to build traffic light timing scheme by many recent studies. It fulfills real adaptive control by the means of taking real-time traffic information as state, and adjusting traffic light scheme as action. However, existing works behave inefficient in complex intersections and they are lack of feasibility because most of them adopt traffic light scheme whose phase sequence is flexible. To address these issues, a novel adaptive traffic signal timing scheme is proposed. It's based on actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm, and advanced techniques proximal policy optimization and generalized advantage estimation are integrated. In particular, a new kind of reward function and a simplified form of state representation are carefully defined, and they facilitate to improve the learning efficiency and reduce the computational complexity, respectively. Meanwhile, a fixed phase sequence signal scheme is derived, and constraint on the variations of successive phase durations is introduced, which enhances its feasibility and robustness in field applications. The proposed scheme is verified through field-data-based experiments in both medium and high traffic density scenarios. Simulation results exhibit remarkable improvement in traffic performance as well as the learning efficiency comparing with the existing reinforcement learning-based methods such as 3DQN and DDQN.