• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 1990

This study found that that dynamics of intensity of use and economic theory of derived demand can both be accommodated through an extensive translog demand model. The basic idea in this recognition is that the skewed life cycle empirical pattern of intensity of use plotted against per capita income is of lognormal form and this lognomal intensity of use model can be mathematically transformed into an eqivalent simple translog intensity of use model. Empirical results showed that this extensive traslog model, which is a flexible function and includes both the classical case of fixed coefficients and the dynamic case of varying coefficients of the explanatory variables, gave better forecasts than the original intensity of use model and other conventional models.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1969

Conidio spores of Aspergillus niger (strain No. NRRL 330) cultured on potato dextrose agar media were studied by electron microscopy, using the thin sectioning techniques. Conidio spores to be sectioned were fixed by triple methods with $K_2Cr_2O_7$, Glutaraldehyde and $OsO_4$. After dehydrated with alcohol, the specimens were embedded in metacrylate and epon resin media, and thinly sectioned by Porter-Blum MT-2. After sectioned these specimens were negative-stained with uranyl acetate and observed. by Hitachi HS-6 electron microscope. The results of this experiment were summarized as follows. 1. The structures of spore ,wall system seem to be formed 4 layers; exosporium, basal layer, spore coat and unit cell membrane. The protuberance of spore surface that was looked like hair appears to be protrusived from the basal layer. 2. The 3 layers of unit cell membrane was constituted outer layer membrane, inner layer membrane and inter-mediate light layer. 3. The structures of intra cytoplasmic membrane appear as spiral form which was consisted of 3 layers membrane system; outer membrane, inner membrane, and intermediate layer, which has pits. 4. The cement substance of spore coat and cortex may be changed quantitatively by physiological state in cell. 5. In some cases, we observed that the ribosome was transformed into poly ribosome group, and the storage materials and the protein crystals were changed variously. It. has been suggested that the morphological change of some cytoplasmic materials may be caused by some specialized function of the physiological stage.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1532-1553
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• 2014

Radio spectrum is a precious resource and characterized by fixed allocation policy. However, a large portion of the allocated radio spectrum is underutilized. Conversely, the rapid development of ubiquitous wireless technologies increases the demand for radio spectrum. Cognitive Radio (CR) methodologies have been introduced as a promising approach in detecting the white spaces, allowing the unlicensed users to use the licensed spectrum thus realizing Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) in an effective manner. This paper proposes a generalized framework for DSA between the licensed (primary) and unlicensed (secondary) users based on Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC) model. We present a spectrum access scheme in the presence of sensing errors based on CTMC which aims to attain optimum spectrum access probabilities for the secondary users. The primary user occupancy is identified by spectrum sensing algorithms and the sensing errors are captured in the form of false alarm and mis-detection. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed spectrum access scheme in terms of the throughput attained by the secondary users, throughput optimization using optimum access probabilities, probability of interference with increasing number of secondary users. The efficacy of the algorithm is analyzed for both imperfect spectrum sensing and perfect spectrum sensing.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2000

Kitsch is one of the various mass-cultural phnomena in the late 20th century, with it's own new aesthetic value, 'self-expression' through 'destruction', denying the existing established way of thinking and escaping from the stereotypes or fixed ideas. This is called 'aesthetic inadequacy'. The purposes of this study are to examine the different preferences between the western and the domestic Kitsch Fashions to investigate the formative and aesthetic characteristics of domestic Kitsch Fashion based on substantial data, and to propose the creative Kitsch design. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The formative characteristics of domestic Kitsch Fashion are marked by amusement, disharmony, epicureanism, satire, and use of imitation. 2. Then, based on theoretic research, this study applies aesthetic characteristics of Kitsch to the creative design. According to the formative characteristics for Kitsch Fashion, the Design Concepts are developed in order of Optimism, Multi Form, Decadence Chic, Neo-Naturalism, and Poor Vintage. And the Fabric direction is given in Design Story with sub theme such as Cheerful, Game, Decadence, Environment, and Grunge.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.402-404
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• 2003

Radio frequency identification (RF-ID) is an automatic data capture (ADC) technology that comprises small data-carrying device(is called Tag) and fixed or mobile device(is called reader). Tags are attached or deattached device. Readers may be installed at locations where data capture is required, and may also be in the form of portable readers. In this paper, we are proposing an application for the subway station using the RF-ID system and a system for the gateless fare collection passing through the booth in only carrying the card. In this system that RF-ID system and Bluetooth are applied. We designed two wireless communication channels. One is the 125kHz communication channel by FSK and PSK for power supplying on the card and identification and the other is 2.4GHz channel for the collection.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.34-40
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• 2009

$1m^3$ hydrate of pure methane can be decomposed to the maximum of $216m^3$ methane at standard condition. If these characteristics of hydrate are reversely utilized, natural gas is fixed into water in the form of hydrate solid. Therefore, the hydrate is considered to be a great way to transport and store natural gas in large quantity. Especially the transportation cost is known to be 18-24% less than the liquefied transportation. In the present investigation, experiments and theoretical calculation carried out for the formation of methane hydrate in NaCl 3.5wt% solution. The results show that the equilibrium pressure in seawater is more higher than that in pure water, and methane hydrate could be formed rapidly during pressurization if the subcooling is maintained at 9K or above in seawater and 8K or above in pure water, respectively. Also, amount of consumed gas volume in pure water is more higher that in seawater at the same experimental conditions. Therefore, it is found that NaCl acts as a inhibitor.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 1999

The welded metal bellows is commonly manufactured by welding pairs of washer-shaped discs of thin sheet metal stamped from strip stock in thickness from 0.025 to 0.254 mm. The discs, or diaphragms, are formed with mating circumferential corrugations. In this study, the diaphragms were welded by using a CW Nd: YAG laser to form metal bellows. The bellows was fixed on a jig and compressed axially, while Cu-rings were installed between belows edges for intimate contact of edges. The difference between the inner diameter of bellows and jig shaft causes an eccentricity, while the tolerance between motor shaft and jig shaft causes a wobble type motion. A vision sensor which is based on the optical triangulation was used for seam tracking. An image processing algorithm which can distinguish the image by bellows edge from that by Cu-ring was developed. The geometric relationship which describes the eccentricity and wobble type motion was modeled. The seam tracking using the image processing algorithm and the geometric modeling was performed successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.12-21
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• 2001

For the purpose of determining characteristics of widely used commercial medical x-ray films, which are used for obtaining the Linac-grams for radiational treatment of cancers, we placed several commercial x-ray films at a fixed distance form the linear accelerator. After varying the exposed amount of radiation step by step, we could obtain a continually increasing density image for each film whose densities were determined by microdensitometer readings. The characteristic curves of the films were obtained by plotting the densities vs. the exposed radiation amounts, and their ${\gamma}$ values were determined. These values can be used to suggest a minimum necessary amount of exposed radiation to get a useful Linac-gram. The measured ${\gamma}$ values of the characteristic curves of the Kodak-DVP/RA-1 film were 1.73 when used 6MV x-ray, 1.70 when used 15MV of intensity. For the Konica-AX film, ${\gamma}$ values were 1.29 and 1.18 respectively. The result suggests that the effective conditions for high resolution of a L-gram be 6 MV of x-ray intensity and about 3 rad of exposed dose on a Kodak-DVP/RA-1 film.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.25-29
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• 2016

Purpose - Finding top K persuaders in consumer network is an important problem in marketing. Recently, a new method of computing persuasion scores, interpreted as fixed point or stable distribution for given persuasion probabilities, was proposed. Top K persuaders are chosen according to the computed scores. This research proposed a new definition of persuasion scores relaxing some conditions on the matrix of probabilities, and a method to identify top K persuaders based on the defined scores. Research design, data, and methodology - A new method of computing top K persuaders is computed by singular value decomposition (SVD) of the matrix which represents persuasion probabilities between entities. Results - By testing a randomly generated instance, it turns out that the proposed method is essentially different from the previous study sharing a similar idea. Conclusions - The proposed method is shown to be valid with respect to both theoretical analysis and empirical test. However, this method is limited to the category of persuasion scores relying on the matrix-form of persuasion probabilities. In addition, the strength of the method should be evaluated via additional experiments, e.g., using real instances, different benchmark methods, efficient numerical methods for SVD, and other decomposition methods such as NMF.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.292-300
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• 2013

Augmented reality (AR) is a popular service in mobile devices, and many AR applications can be downloaded from app stores. As TV broadcasting has continued to integrate with the Internet, it has become an area in which the AR concept is able to reside, although in a simple form, such as an advertisement placed in the static region of a scene. There are some restrictions against TV broadcasting realizing AR since TVs are fixed devices and typically do not have GPS, geomagnetic, or acceleration sensors, which are standard equipment in mobile devices. However, the desire to experience AR on a large TV screen has triggered research and development for an ideal AR business model and service type. This paper introduces several use cases for augmented broadcasting services and also presents an augmented broadcasting metadata scheme designed for a broadcasting environment. We also verify some of the use cases and an augmented broadcasting metadata scheme in an implemented augmented broadcasting system based on a hybrid TV platform.