• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.42
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• pp.151-175
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• 2016

The game industry has evolved from mobile games to PC online games after the smart-phone industry was opened up. In this environment, the game industry has rather been negatively developing its commercials means than the sufficient fundamental entertainment to the users. Especially, many games were released with better graphic qualities yet poor originality, continuing to be popular without enhancing the market itself. Moreover, the user's recognition level has improved. The users share their online gaming experience easily with the development of network environment. They receive the feedbacks on the quality of the game through the online channels and media by sharing them together. The high margin of the game industry will lead to the negative feedbacks of the users, effecting them to critique the content although the market looks good for now. The game industry's evolution has to be reviewed in the perspective of users, to look back at the successful cases of the past before the mobile era by analyzing and indicating the quality of the games and content's direction. This research is focused on the success factors of from the user's point of view, which has been widely claimed as a popular game franchise publicly before the mobile games had risen. WOW has been the most successful MMORPG game with its user record of 1.2 million till now. For these reasons, this study analyzes 's success factors from the user's point of view by configuring five expert groups, sequentially applying expert group survey, interview, Jobs-to-be-done and Fishbein Model as UX methodologies based on the business model to see through its long term rein in the industry. Consequently, The success factors from the user side of MMORPG provides an opportunity for the users to interact deeply with the game by (1) using well designed 'world view' over 10 years, (2) providing 'national policy' that is based on the locations of the users' culture and language, (3) providing 'expansions' with changes in time to give the digging elements to the users.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.241-252
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• 1999

1. Purpose and Method : We have many difficulty of using the existing medical Hurbs based on the theory of Em-Yang and the five elements, this is why we still do not explain the Sasang Constitutional medical Hurb Classification and do not have the Sasang Constitutional Pharmacology exactly, so we easily enter into a dispute and confusion. So through literary consideration about Acorus gramineus Soland. I try to objectify Sasang Constitutional Classification of Acorus gramineus Soland and the spirit of using Acorus gramineus Soland and common property of Sasang Constitutional Medical Hurb and try to find out a clue that search the effect of other Sasang Constitutional Medical Hurb. 2. Result : Qi(氣) and mi(味) of Acorus gramineus Soland have aroma and hot taste and have won Qi(溫氣), the using portion of Acorus gramineus Soland is root as medical Hurb. So Acorus gramineus Soland rise from Goonghacho(中下焦) to Sangcho(上焦) and divied impurity and purity and able to remove the turbidity Qi(氣)Ack(液) Acorus gramineus Soland have the effect of progressing the involution of Paeqi(肺氣) and divided impurity and purity of Qi(氣) and ack(液) and improve the fuction and structure of Tae-Em-ln. I think that the method of literay consideration on objectification of Sasang Constitution Pharmacology is of great value.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 2000

1. Purpose and Method We do not have the Sasagn Consitutional Pharmacology exactly. So we use Sasagn Consitutional medical herbs based on the theory of Yin-yang and the five elements herbology. So I try to objectify Sasagn Consitutional Classification of Gypsum Fibrosum in DongyiSooseBowon. Among the soyangin(少陽人) Pyobyung(表病) prescription, Fever MangYin Symptom(fever, headache, diarrhea) prescription include Gypsum Fibrosum, Cold MangYin Symptom(cold, pain in abdomen, diarrhea) prescription does not include Gypsum Fibrosum. So, I to make manifest the spirit of using Gypsum Fibrosum in Soyangin(少陽人) PyoByung(表炳), and the differences of two symptom, and the literature on this subject, I searched oriental medical books. 2. result 1. The management of Gypsum Fibrosum is to grind and make powder. 2. The spirit of using Gypsum Fibrosum in Soyangin(少陽人) Fever MangYi Symptom(fever, headache, diarrhea) prescription is Cleanse the Inside fever and Down the Outside Yin. 3. Fever MangYin Symptom(fever, headache, diarrhea) prescription include Gypsum Fibrosum, Cold MangYin Symptom(cold, pain in abdomen, diarrhea) prescription does not include Gypsum Fibrosum. and The Important syndrome of using Gypsum Fibrosum in Soyangin(少陽人) Fever MangYin Symptom(fever, headache, diarrhea) is fever and headache. 4. Gypsum Fibrosum is The representative herb on Soyangin FeverSymptom. 5. The site of therapeutic action of Gypsum Fibrosum is Wiguk(胃局) - Upper Juncho

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2 s.40
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• pp.108-115
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• 2005

Gyeonggi metamorphic complex in the Gwangju area include banded biotite gneiss and quartzofeldspathic gneiss. Detailed structural analysis suggests that structural elements in the study area were formed by at least five phase of deformations. Penetrative compositional foliations(S1) formed in the banded gneiss during the first metamorphism and deformation (D1). After intrusion of plutonic rocks, the second deformation (D2) produced S2 foliations in the banded gneiss and quartzofeldspathic gneiss during the second metamorphism. D3 structures are represented by isoclinal folds (F3) whose axial surfaces are parallel to S3 foliations. The N-S oriented shortening (D4) was accommodated by closed upright F4 fold with about 100m of axial surface separation. F4 fold is refolded by regional F5 folding resulting in different orientation and fold style of F4 fold according to the position of F5 fold. The F4 fold with tight interlimb angle is subparallel to the axial surface (north-south) of F5 fold in the core of the F5 fold. In contrast the F4 fold trends northeast in the western limb and northwest in the eastern limb of F5 fold. The interlimb angle is larger in the limbs than that in the core of F5 fold. The trace of foliations is constrained by mainly F4 and F5 folds. Joint fanning around fold is developed in the limbs of F5 fold and bc joints are dominant in the hinge area of F5 fold. A strike-slip fault had developed in tile central part of the study area after F5 folding. The orientation of joint and foliation is rotated anticlockwise about $15^{\circ}$ by the landslide occurred during the Quaternary.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-157
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• 2020

This study analyzed the content of national-level curriculum documents for the purpose of reviewing the overall status of population education in elementary and secondary schools in South Korea. Based on the results of the analysis, directions for the future of population education at school were proposed. Both the 2007-Revised Curriculum and the 2009-Revised Curriculum contain the contents of population education as a 'Cross-curricular learning topic' in the general curriculum influenced by the low birth rate and ageing society, yet not in the current 2015-Revised Curriculum. Furthermore, when the curriculum documents for the ten common subjects corresponding to the 'National Common Basic Curriculum' proposed by the 7th Curriculum were examined, only 'Home Economics' curriculum at the secondary school level and 'Social Studies' curriculum at the elementary and the secondary school levels adequately reflected the subject goals, characteristics, contents and achievement standards that correspond to those of population education. Based on the results of the curriculum analysis, the following five directions for population education at school are drawn. First, the purpose of population education at school should be stated using gender-neutral terms of 'response to low-birth and aging society' and it has to be emphasized that it is not to intervene in natural childbirth. Second, the subject which deals directly with the goals, content elements, and achievement standards of population education should be designated as the leading subject for population education. Third, with its inter-disciplinary nature, population education should be able to provide quality contents for convergence education. Fourth, the government should provide policy support to the leading subjects for population education so that more high schools may select the subjects as elective courses. Fifth, teacher education should be improved to enhance teachers' perceptions on population. This study asserts that 'Home economics,' which deals with human daily lives, is an optimal subject that can reflect population education in connection with real life. To this end, policy support should be provided for 'Home economics' so that it may fulfill the mission as a leading subject of population education.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-27
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to study about the legal system of the Inter-governmental Agreement on the International Space Station('IGA') which was signed on Jan 29,1998. This paper is divided into three main parts ; 1) a review of ISS, 2) the principal rules of IGA, 3) the legal system of IGA. First, the paper draws an outline of ISS by dealing with (1) the definition, characteristics, and functions of ISS, (2) the composition of ISS. Second, the paper explains the principal rules of IGA which include (1) the rule of 'Partnership' and (2) the rule of 'Peaceful Purpose'. Third, the legal system of IGA is studied by looking at five different aspects: (1) the registration system, (2) a general jurisdiction, criminal jurisdiction and a control of jurisdiction, (3) intellectual property rights and other rights beside intellectual property, (4) cross-waiver of liability and several elements in compensation of damages, (5) the dispute resolution. IGA contains new contents and applications of legal system which was not included in the former space law. Therefore IGA will work as a model law for international cooperation of space development. It is important for us to study the matter of ISS, because disputes on the ISS are left solely to contracting parties although IGA will regulate overall situations. The renewed IGA is even more important because all the space development is expected to take place on an international cooperation basis. On the basis of this paper, all the important parts of IGA is expected to be further studied so that the research can contribute to the establishment of the legal system of space development in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

In this study of visitor place attachment to parks, Scannel and Gilford considered the dimensions of place attachment, and proposed the theoretical framework of PPP(Place, Person, Process) that should be systematically studied from the perspective of person, place and psychological processes. According to Scannel's theoretical basis, this paper puts forward the hypothesis of a structure model of place attachment. In the model, the five independent variables of people, places, cognition, emotion, and behavior have influenced the dependent variable of place attachment. The questionnaire was conducted on 18 neighborhood parks in Kunming, China, and the residents of the 5 neighborhood parks in Daejeon, South Korea. A total of 1,645 valid samples of the questionnaire survey were collected. Through confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) results of the inspection of the various elements, it was shown that the reliabilities of 6 latent variables, such as people, places, cognition, affection, behavior and place attachment, which were composed with the observed variables(30 observed variables in Daejeon, 19 observed variables in Kunming), were all above 0.7 and the data were fit for this study. The hypothesis test results found that the physical environment of the neighborhood parks such as a comfortable environment, pleasant road and convenient facilities would increase the rate of visitors coming back. From the park management perspective, to increase the amount of visitors to the park, the park should increase visibility, provide more organized, varied activities and meetings, or special exhibitions according to the particular characteristics of the individual park, to increase awareness of the park. From the park visitors' psychological perspective, visitors are seeking to enjoy the park facilities and environment not only to bring physical relaxation, but also to bring about a psychological cure. With the commonality of attachment structure between the two countries, to improve the place attachment of neighborhood park visitors, collecting regularly visitor feedback will facilitate the sustainable development of neighborhood park attachment.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-172
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• 2012

While e-commerce market(B2C) grows rapidly, many experts argue that EC(B2C) transactions have not reached its full potential. A notable difference between online and offline consumer markets that is suppressing the growth of EC(B2C) is the decreased presence of human and social elements in the online shopping environments. Generally online shopping lacks human warmth and sociability. In this study, social presence in online shopping mall was proposed as a substitute for face-to-face social interaction in the traditional commerce and author explored what variables affect social presence(human warmth and sociability) on online shopping malls and how human warmth and sociability can influence on online store loyalty. To achieve research objectives, we reviewed literatures related with marketing, psychology and communication research areas. Based on literature review, we proposed a research model on the online shopping mall. To examine the proposed research model, we gathered data by using a self-report questionnaire. Respondents consists of online shoppers with at least five or more times of purchase experience in online shopping malls. Because social presence is a feeling which needs frequent contacts with malls to experience, respondents must have enough purchase experiences. The empirical results are as follows : First, shopping mall's customization efforts influence perceived social presence on the mall significantly. Second, shopping mall's responsiveness influences perceived social presence significantly. Third, perceived activity of community of online shopping mall influences perceived social presence significantly. Mall managers have to activate their customer community to reinforce social presence, resulting in trust building. Finally, perceived social presence influences trust and enjoyment on the mall significantly. And then trust and enjoyment on the mall affect store loyalty significantly. From these findings it can be inferred that perceived social presence appears determinant which is critical to the formation of core variables(trust and loyalty) in existing online shopping papers.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.183-196
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the agreement between job physical risk factor analysis by ergonomists using ergonomic methods and physical examinations made by occupational physicians on the presence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. Background: Ergonomics is the systematic application of principles concerned with the design of devices and working conditions for enhancing human capabilities and optimizing working and living conditions. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent injuries and physical and emotional stress. The major types of ergonomic injuries and incidents are cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), acute strains, sprains, and system failures. Minimization of use of excessive force and awkward postures can help to prevent such injuries Method: Initial data were collected as part of a larger study by the University of Utah Ergonomics and Safety program field data collection teams and medical data collection teams from the Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (RMCOEH). Subjects included 173 male and female workers, 83 at Beehive Clothing (a clothing plant), 74 at Autoliv (a plant making air bags for vehicles), and 16 at Deseret Meat (a meat-processing plant). Posture and effort levels were analyzed using a software program developed at the University of Utah (Utah Ergonomic Analysis Tool). The Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) was developed to assess the risk of epicondylitis from observable job physical factors. The model considers five job risk factors: (1) intensity of exertion, (2) forearm rotation, (3) wrist posture, (4) elbow compression, and (5) speed of work. Qualitative ratings of these physical factors were determined during video analysis. Personal variables were also investigated to study their relationship with epicondylitis. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between risk factors and symptoms of epicondyle pain. Results: Results of this study indicate that gender, smoking status, and BMI do have an effect on the risk of epicondylitis but there is not a statistically significant relationship between EEM and epicondylitis. Conclusion: This research studied the relationship between an Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) and the occurrence of epicondylitis. The model was not predictive for epicondylitis. However, it is clear that epicondylitis was associated with some individual risk factors such as smoking status, gender, and BMI. Based on the results, future research may discover risk factors that seem to increase the risk of epicondylitis. Application: Although this research used a combination of questionnaire, ergonomic job analysis, and medical job analysis to specifically verify risk factors related to epicondylitis, there are limitations. This research did not have a very large sample size because only 173 subjects were available for this study. Also, it was conducted in only 3 facilities, a plant making air bags for vehicles, a meat-processing plant, and a clothing plant in Utah. If working conditions in other kinds of facilities are considered, results may improve. Therefore, future research should perform analysis with additional subjects in different kinds of facilities. Repetition and duration of a task were not considered as risk factors in this research. These two factors could be associated with epicondylitis so it could be important to include these factors in future research. Psychosocial data and workplace conditions (e.g., low temperature) were also noted during data collection, and could be used to further study the prevalence of epicondylitis. Univariate analysis methods could be used for each variable of EEM. This research was performed using multivariate analysis. Therefore, it was difficult to recognize the different effect of each variable. Basically, the difference between univariate and multivariate analysis is that univariate analysis deals with one predictor variable at a time, whereas multivariate analysis deals with multiple predictor variables combined in a predetermined manner. The univariate analysis could show how each variable is associated with epicondyle pain. This may allow more appropriate weighting factors to be determined and therefore improve the performance of the EEM.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• no.spc
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• pp.17-34
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to study about the legal system of the Inter-governmental Agreement on the International Space Station('IGA') which was signed on Jan 29,1998. This paper is divided into three main parts ; 1) a review of ISS, 2) the principal rules of IGA, 3) the legal system of IGA. First, the paper draws an outline of ISS by dealing with (1) the definition, characteristics, and functions of ISS, (2) the composition of ISS. Second, the paper explains the principal rules of IGA which include (1) the rule of 'Partnership' and (2) the rule of 'Peaceful Purpose'. Third, the legal system of IGA is studied by looking at five different aspects: (1) the registration system, (2) a general jurisdiction, criminal jurisdiction and a control of jurisdiction, (3) intellectual property rights and other rights beside intellectual property, (4) cross-waiver of liability and several elements in compensation of damages, (5) the dispute resolution. IGA contains new contents and applications of legal system which was not included in the former space law. Therefore IGA will work as a model law for international cooperation of space development. It is important for us to study the matter of ISS, because disputes on the ISS are left solely to contracting parties although IGA will regulate overall situations. The renewed IGA is even more important because all the space development is expected to take place on an international cooperation basis. On the basis of this paper, all the important parts of IGA is expected to be further studied so that the research can contribute to the establishment of the legal system of space development in Korea.