• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.147-153
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• 2002

The exhaust muffler is designed to reduce the engine noise with the minimum back pressure. It is composed of several elements, and we chose the five types of muffler elements : expansion, extended, offset, reversal, and perforated type. These elements are modeled with I-DEAS, and the transmission loss is analyzed with SYSNOISE, and the back pressure with STAR-CD. We verified the numerical results of transmission loss and pressure loss by experiments for the case of extended muffler. We find a database with the numerical results, which can be used in the design of exhaust muffler in the field.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to suggest environment-friendly assessment elements for the apartment unit plan. For this, the organizing environments of a unit are classified through literature review. Those were five categories of environment: environment of solar system, light, water, green and indoor air Quality. Then, the assessment elements for each categorized environment to evaluate the environment-friendly performance were grasped definitely by examining the applicability of architectural methods or equipment technology. It is expected to suggest not only an assessment tool for evaluation but also a checklist for design in order to develope environment-friendly apartment unit plans.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.2 s.49
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

The dome structure has been treated in two layers among the techniques that have formed the space in Baroque architecture and the light used to be manipulated to create the openness of space and the fantasy of atmosphere. Such an expression technique has influenced on the expression of space in the architecture of New York Five in the 1960s to 1970s and the concept of multiple space embellished with various layers has appeared in the architectural concept of New York Five; meanwhile, the common meaning with the technique of double layers and the ways of phenomenal expressions that have recognized the existence of space in the Baroque period has been achieved through the light, immaterial organism. It means that the existing concept of light limited simply to the plane elements of brightness and darkness has been treated as a formative element that has defined and adjusted the visual expansion and reduction of the space Itself and special existence and has been used as an element of the media of spatial structure. In addition, these elements have been treated as another solution for the emotional aspects of space. Therefore, this study compares the plastic and formative meaning of the Baroque architecture with that of New York Five in terms of the relation between space and light and examines them; in doing so, it will give a clue to understand various and new space expression techniques to many architects and space designers who have led modern architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the attributes and factors of brand personality for contract foodservice management companies. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to five students at universities operating under the top five companies in contract foodservice management. The following statistical analyses were conducted for the data assessment: descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, reliability analysis, and factor analysis, using the SPSS Win(12.0) package program. From these analyses we divided a company's brand personality into the following five functional and emotional elements: sensibility, sincerity, confidence, competence, and excitement. Based on these five elements a total of 26 scales were developed to measure brand attributes of the companies. The variance was explained by 19.29% of sensibility, 17.65% of sincerity, 15.71% of confidence, 14.06% of competence, and 13.62% of excitement. The calculated Cronbach's alpha was more than .90 for all the scales measuring the five attributes, indicating good internal consistency. There were significant differences in sensibility(p<.01), sincerity(p<.001), creditability(p<.01), competence (p<.001), and excitement(p<.001) among the companies. In regards to overall brand personality, company a had a higher mean score for sincerity, while the other companies had higher mean scores for competence. Among the brand personalities, 'confidence' had the highest mean score with 3.36, followed by 'cooperation' (3.17), 'successful'(3.12), 'leadership'(3.11), and 'down-to-earth'(3.02).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2001

In oriental medicine, from old times, psychological therapy has been regarded as physical therapy that has been inseparable from psychological therapy. The major objects for oriental psychological therapy is human emotions. Human emotions can be put in the seven feelings(七精) that include Joy(善), Anger(怒), Grief(思), Pity(悲), Fear(恐), Surprise(驚). The seven feelings are connected with human physiology. If each of the seven feelings if excessive, human physiology loses its valance. So the seven feelings are major causes of diseases. The specific character of oriental neuropsychiatry is to make use of the seven feelings in clinical treatment. These oriental neuropsychiatry therapies are performed through consultation with the patient. Of these therapies, Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) is based on the theo교 of interrelation in five elements(metal, wood, water, fire, and earth) in oriental medicine. Specially the sequential subjugations of the five emotions are applied. The contents of Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) include five subjugations of five emotions. Anxiety subjugates fear(思勝恐), fear subjugates joy(恐勝喜), joy subjugates pity(喜勝悲), pity subjugates anger(悲勝怒) and anger subjugates anxiety(怒勝思). The psychological therapy of Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) can be applied in all area of neuropsychiatry. These days, many mental diseases such as Panic Disorder, Depression Somatoform disorders, and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia have been improved by Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) therapy. Here, we present the treatment cases applied Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) therapy in oriental medicine quoted from old oriental books and the latest treatment cases. Moreover, we hope that many oriental therapist will treat many different patients with mental disorders by Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2005

In "Lingshu Benshen". five vicera are damaged due to changes in emotion having qi flow opposite to five viscera. As a result, it suggests that mental and physical illness could develop. The content of this piece can be explained in relation to five elements but uniformly through qi's flow. The contents can be summarized as follows. 1. The Heart is fire among the five elements and mainly characterized with dispersing. The flow of its qi is characterized facing upward and outward. On the other hand, being afraid or thinking seriously is characterized by making qi to go downward and stop so that the flow of qi is mainly facing toward inward and downward, damaging the heart. 2. The spleen has the conveyance function and spreads qi. On the other hand, worry and emotion inhibit qi function, blocking qi, damaging the spleen. 3. The liver has dispelling and removing functions and the power of sending up. The qi flow goes toward upward and outward. On the other hand, sadness stagnates qi, preventing the flow of liver's qi, damaging the liver. As a result, work is not done accurately. Madness develops with heat accumulated with qi stagnation. When qi is not sending up, mentality is not clear, leading to forgetfulness. 4. The lung has astringent and sending down functions, lowering qi. On the other hand, happy and joyful emotions bring up qi, showing the opposite flow of qi compared with the lung, damaging the lung. 5. The kidney has closing and storing functions, making qi flow to downward and inward. On the other hand, being angry makes qi to go up. Excessive expression of anger damages the kidney. As a result, the yin function of kidney does not work properly, leading to forgetfulness.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2008

Improvement of the macro- and micro-elements density of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is gradually becoming a new breeding objective. In this study, the genomic regions associated with potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron content in rice grain were identified and characterized by using a doubled haploid (DH) population. Fifty-six simple sequence repeat (SSR) and one hundred and twelve sequence tagged site (STS) markers were selected to construct the genetic linkage map of the DH population with a full length of 1808.3cM scanning 12 rice chromosomes. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected, and QTL effects and QTL interactions were calculated for five traits related to macro- and micro-elements in the DH population from a cross between 'Samgang' (Tongil) and 'Nagdong' (Japonica). Twelve QTLs were located on five chromosomes, consisting of two QTLs for potassium, three QTLs for calcium, two QTLs for magnesium, one QTL for iron content and four QTLs for the ratio of magnesium to potassium (Mg/K). Among them, qca1.1 was detected on chromosome 1 with an LOD value of 8.58 for calcium content. It explained 27% of phenotype variations with increasing effects from 'Samgang' allele. Furthermore, fifteen epistatic combinations with significant interactions were observed on ten chromosomes for five traits, which totally accounted for 4.19% to 12.72% of phenotype variations. The screening of relatively accurate QTLs will contribute to increase the efficiency of marker-assisted selection (MAS), and to accelerate the establishment of near-isogenic lines (NILs) and QTL pyramiding.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.277-281
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• 2008

The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Bobee-tang for curing the asthenic syndrome of spleen through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Bobee-tang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Bobee-tang. This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Bobee-tang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$, the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Bobee-tang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients : No.1 Radix Ginseng (2don;7.5 g), No.2 Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (1don;3.75 g), No.3 Carapax Et Plastrumtestudinis (1don), No.4 Concha Ostreae (1don), No.5 Cortex Cinnamomi (1don), No.6 Rhizoma Zingiberis Praeparatae (1don), and No.7 Radix Glycyrrhizae (1don). First, to cure the asthenic syndrome of the spleen, the methods of invigorating the spleen and the heart, and purging the liver should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Bobee-tang is combined according to the above theories. In conclusion, this formula was created by applying to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.6
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• pp.189-227
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• 1993

I have studied life of Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里), who applied Un-Ki(運氣) theory to medicine during Suk-Jong(肅宗) to Joong-Jo(正祖) in Yi-Dynasty and also studied his existing writings named ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣). The referenced original work prints were based on 1980's print of Chung-Ku oriental medical society and National Central Library and The academy a korean studies possessed print. Studied with these books, I have concluded as follows. 1. Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里) courtesy name is Ja-Mi(子美), pen name is Cho-Chang(草窓). He was born in 1705, Suk-Jong(肅宗) 31yrs, and died in 1784, Jeong-Jo(正祖) 8yrs in Yi-Dynasty. He had lineage of third-generationed-doctor and learned medicine from his uncle, Yoon-Woo-Kyo(尹雨敎). His father Yoon-Yi-Kyo(尹이敎) gaved him second influence. 2. Confucianal physician in Ming Dynasty You-Bu(劉溥) respected Ju-Ryeom-Kye(周溓溪), confucianist in Song-Dynasty and You-Bu(劉溥) does not removed grass in front of window (because in chinese, Cho-Charig(草窓) means grass in front of window), and named himself Cho-Chang(草窓). Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里) followed this suit so called himself Cho-Chang (草窓). 3. The main contents of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣), (運氣衍論) was written in 1725, when Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里) was 21yrs old and printed in 1736. The other part of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣), (用藥篇) was written in 1746. These two parts were not written in the satre time. The (運氣衍論) was written llyears earlier than (用藥). Two parts were combined another day and named (草窓訣). 4. Existing ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣) is transcribed printing with the con tent of "Five elements motion and the six kind of natural factors theory" (五運六氣設). Each edition is generally similar in content, but also has different points each other so naw we hardly finds a complete set of works. 5. ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣) is a first technical book which treats of Un-Ki(運氣) theory in korea. 6. The contents of (運氣衍論) of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣) is mechanism of diease according to excess and insuffciency of five elements motion and six kinds of nalural faclors.and symploms and priscriptions, includes variated priscriptions. 7. Two parts in (運氣衍論) of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣), 'Sang-tong' (相通) and 'Kak-Tong' (各通), threats of mochanisim of the disease according to five elements. with the principle of inter-promoting and inter-acting, in the change of ten heavenly stems and five elements motion. 8. In the (用藥篇) of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣) describes priscription for clinical application according to Un-Ki(運氣) and also records about misuse of medicine. 9. In the ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣), most of priscription are common using one, which also found in ${\ll}$Dong-$\breve{U}$i-Bo-Garm${\gg}$ (東醫寶鑑) and there are few of priscriptions hy Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里).

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2007

This paper presents 3D infinite elements for the elastodynamic problem with multi-layered half-space. Five different types of infinite elements are formulated by using approximate expressions of multiple wave components for the wave function in multi-layered soil media. They are horizontal, horizontal-corner, vortical, vertical-corner and vertical-horizontal-comer infinite elements. The elements can effectively be used for simulating wane radiation problems with multiple wave components. Numerical example analyses are presented for rigid disk, square footings and embedded footing on homogeneous and layered half-space. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed infinite elements.