• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.575-584
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to achieve optimal portal phase while reducing contrast medium by applying weight-based dose protocol compared to standard fixed dose protocol to performing of pediatric abdominal CT examination. Discovery 750HD (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, USA) was used, and a total of 167 children consisting of 85 men and 82 women under the age of 18 were studied. The group in which the 300 mgI/ml(Xenetix, Guerbet, France) contrast medium was fixedly injected at twice body weight and the group injected with physiological saline while gradually decreasing the injection amount by 10% while applying the weight-based protocol were distinguished. Also, the CT number and SNR of abdominal organs were compared and evaluated while changing the scan delay time. Subjective image quality of enhancement and beam-hardening artifacts of around the heart was assessed with five-point criterion. The group adapted weight-based protocol with 20% reduction in contrast medium was most similar in contrast enhancement in the group with fixed injection at twice body weight. Furthermore, the group with a delay time of 20% had the highest contrast enhancement effect, and the difference in CT attenuation coefficient from the group scanned immediately after injection of the contrast media. Therefore, the appropriate delay time after injection of the contrast agent increased the contrast enhancement of the parenchymal organ. In addition, the weight-based injection protocol with normal saline reduced artifacts around the heart, and the effect of contrast enhancement could be maintained. In conclusion, it is possible to reduce dosage of contrast media through the application of weight-based injection protocols and appropriate latency, and to characterize optimal portal phase imaging on pediatric abdominal CT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 2002

Den have been many construction projects in urban n We have a lot of problems which have to be solved especially against residence complaints existing building damage due to construction worts. We sometimes have to pay a certain amount of cost to solve the above problem, not in planning. In addition to, we have to suffer from work delay due to confronting problem. Almost all of these are due to blasting work to break solid rock to be excavated. Therefore, this study is focused on finding out how to reduce noise more cheaply. Four cases(4) as cheaper but more effective way have been tested to find out which way of local fence will have better moise reduce function in a field site. Where five(5) large breakers are being operated. It is concluded that more form and shape of local movable panel than the site of panel can be influenced on noise reduce.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-4
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• 1966

As a part of studies of plant tumor induction, this experiment was prepared for the purpose of studying the ability of tumor induction and the tendency of tumor initiation in some Korean plants using the various Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains. Results obtained from this experiment are as follows. The virulences of five strains used in this experiment were gradually decreased in order of strain A6Kl, B6, 11BV7, T37 and 11 BNV6. Especially strain T37 which is known to the host limited strain showed virulent effect to the most of plants given for the materials as well as strain A6Kl, B 6 and 11BV7. Concerning the grade of tumor development, in plants which has tough stem, for example, Glycine max Meer, tumor induction was not well developed after the inoculation of all strains. Particullary in Ricinus communes Linne all strains showed virulent effect but tumor tissues were declined in relation to the development of lignification. It was also confirmed that the induction of tumor tissues on plants is to delay according to the increase of the age of host plants.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 2004

The rapid industrialization and urbanization in Osaka Bay have produced many serious water pollution problems since the 1960s. A symbolic phenomenon is algae bloom (red tide), which occurred 53 times in 1976. The special law was enacted in 1973 and a number of administrative steps were taken, such as cutting COD loading, reductions in phosphorus (P) and restriction of land reclamation. As a result, the pollution of Osaka Bay has gradually been reduced, and the environment has been improved to some extent. In this study, to analyze the relations between water qualities as well as a social, economic activity by the coastal zone, the water quality data in Osaka Bay of 70 years past since 1921 were collected. Data such as population, livestock, fertilizer, industrial product etc. were also collected for estimating nutrients flowing into bay from land. It was found that the water quality was changed of a similar trend of estimated nutrients load, with delay of about four or five years.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.145-162
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• 1997

This paper an analytical model for estimating packet waiting times at stations in the DQDB network, where the most upstream station is saturated. This model is useful in comparing the extreme unfairness which downstream stations experience due to their geographical locations in accessing the medium. Each station is modeled as an M/G/1, where the service time is defined to be the time a packet spends in the transmission buffer. The service time is decomposed into five components, and in turn, the first and second moment of each component are derived in three different modes of operation. Simulation experiments are presented for model validation and results are discussed.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.419-435
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• 1998

The telecommunications market in European Union was fully liberalized as schedule except some member countries on and after January 1, 1998. The full liberalization of telecommunications market which will provide lower charges and various services to consumers. At present, the monopoly on voice telephony services is being maintained in five member countries authorized the implementation delay of liberalization. There are still remain many problems, such as pre-selection of carriers, number portability and interconnection, to solve by January 1, 2000. After examining the basic principle of telecommunication regulations and the liberalization trends of EU countries, we review the future assignments and prospects of European Union. finally we suggest implications for telecommunication policy and carriers in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.135-137
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• 2006

HY-2, the China's satellite for oceanic dynamic environment measurement, is planed to be launched around 2010. The main payloads of HY-2 include a dual-frequency radar altimeter equipped with a three-band nadir-looking radiometer for atmospheric delay correction, a Ku-band radar scatterometer, and a five-band scanning radiometer. This presentation outlines the specifications, parameters, and design of the HY-2 radar altimeter and scatterometer.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 2002

Ordinary, the hotel Career Development that cooks are hi red, then OJT and evaluation, disposition. It means that cook to set in order with licence and to carry-out effect But it is not continue forever about the job demand, attitude, ability of cook. The Executive Chef and depart of career development have to plan for problems now and a long time of time to cooks. Demand of cook career development are sociality and economical. Because the hotel needs a high-grade cook for keep competitive in changing surround. internal resources are more effect ive when require without delay man power than hire urgent. It is not only lack career development to cook, probably face up to retirement at one time and foment social order but also cook lose their a right to labor. Cook supports their family and grow, economic base for ethical by labor, so have to carry their point. In addition the domestic five stars hotel's career development structure are very simple and infirm, so it cause stagnation to position, lead to negative vision and show a drop in efficiency. Therefore the hotel must investment about Career Development.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2015

This paper presents the design of a lab-built powered knee prosthesis based on a BLDC motor, a sensored impedance control using a force sensor, and a sensorless impedance control through torque estimation. Firstly, we describe the structure of the lab-built powered knee prosthesis and its limitations. Secondly, we decompose the gait cycle into five stages and apply the position-based impedance control for the powered knee prosthesis. Thirdly, we perform an experiment for the torque estimation and the sensorless impedance control of the prosthesis. The experimental results show that we can use the torque estimation to control the low impedance during the swing phase, although the estimated torque data has a delay compared with the measured torque by a load cell.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

Biliary atresia (BA) is an infantile cholestatic disease of progressive obliterative cholangiopathy with varying degrees of damage to both extra and intrahepatic bile ducts due to unknown causes. The diagnostic studies should be done to diagnose or exclude BA without unnecessary delay. Kasai portoenterostomy is the first choice of treatment for bile drainage from microscopic bile ductules present in the portal fibrous mass. The medical management after Kasai portoenterostomy should be done carefully to maintain bile excretion and prevent and treat complications Including cholangitis, hepatic fibrosis, portal hypertension and nutritional problem. The reported five years-survival rates after Kasai portoenterostomy range from 30 to 60 %. About 20 % of all patients undergoing Kasai portoenterostomy during infancy survive into adulthood with their native liver. Even if Kasai portoenterostomy remains as the first line of treatment In BA, liver transplantation serves as a good salvage treatment when portoenterostomy fails or liver function gradually deteriorates after initially successful establishment of bile flow, Overall 5-year survival rate in BA is about 90 % in recent series.