• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.655-663
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• 2012

Due to increased interest in character costumes, the field of animation character costume design is gradually developing into a specialized domain. The costume-making process for animation characters presents many differences from the costume-making process for regular apparel. However, there remains insufficient research on the actual process of making the character costumes used in stop motion videos both in Korea and abroad. The purpose of this study is to establish a costume design process for animation characters. Furthermore, this study presents a case study on the costume planning and making process for 3D stop motion animation characters. The character costume-making process was segmentalized into the following stages: character analysis stage, character modeling stage, and character costume making stage. In the character analysis stage, the investigator analyzed the character's movements, designed the character images, and analyzed the movements and motions of the animation characters. After completing character modeling, this study proposed a method for making the character costume. The style of the character costume was designed, and the structural design reflected the position and size of joints as well as the angle of movements. The patterns of the character costume were produced through dimensional tailoring after measuring the body size of the character. Afterward, the costume was completed after passing through the fitting and revision stages. The clothing material was selected to fit the colors and feelings shown in the illustration. To complete the costume after comparing it with the initial illustration, it was revised based on the assessment of its volume and overall atmosphere.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2020

본 연구에서는, 축분 고형연료의 연료적 가치를 판단하기 위해 물리화학적 특성과 열분해 동역학 분석을 수행하였다. 원소분석과 공업분석결과는 축분 고형연료는 휘발성 물질(64.94%), 탄소(44.35%) 및 수소(5.54%)의 함량이 높았다. 축분 고형연료의 저위발열량(3,880 kcal/kg) 또한 가축분뇨 고형 연료 기준(3,000 kcal/kg)보다 높았다. 열중량분석결과 축분연료는 3개의 분해온도구간을 가졌다. 첫 번째 온도구간(130~330 ℃)은 추출물의 기화, 헤미셀룰로우스 및 셀룰로우스의 분해로 구성되었다. 두 번째(330~480 ℃)와 세 번째(550~800 ℃) 온도 구간들은 리그닌의 분해와 carbonaceous materials 분해에 의한 것이었다. Friedman, FWO, KAS 같은 model free 분석방법에 의해 구해진 축분 고형연료의 열분해에 대한 활성화 에너지 값은 전환율 0.1에서 0.9 범위에서 173.98에서 525.79 kJ/mol로 나타났다. 특히, 전환율이 0.6보다 높은 구간에서 활성화에너지가 크게 증가하였다. Curve fitting 방법을 사용한 동역한 분석은 축분 고형연료가 5단계의 분해 단계로 구분될 수 있는 다단계 반응에 의해 분해됨을 제안하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2018

This article presents a study of the largest-ever (height = 220 m) cooling tower using the large eddy simulation (LES) method. Information about fluid fields around the tower and 3D aerodynamic time history in full construction process were obtained, and the wind pressure distribution along the entire tower predicted by the developed model was compared with standard curves and measured curves to validate the effectiveness of the simulating method. Based on that, average wind pressure distribution and characteristics of fluid fields in the construction process of ultra-large cooling tower were investigated. The characteristics of fluid fields in full construction process and their working principles were investigated based on wind speeds and vorticities under different construction conditions. Then, time domain characteristics of ultra-large cooling towers in full construction process, including fluctuating wind loads, extreme wind loads, lift and drag coefficients, and relationship of measuring points, were studied and fitting formula of extreme wind load as a function of height was developed based on the nonlinear least square method. Additionally, the frequency domain characteristics of wind loads on the constructing tower, including wind pressure power spectrum at typical measuring points, lift and drag power spectrum, circumferential correlations between typical measuring points, and vertical correlations of lift coefficient and drag coefficient, were analyzed. The results revealed that the random characteristics of fluctuating wind loads, as well as corresponding extreme wind pressure and power spectra curves, varied significantly and in real time with the height of the constructing tower. This study provides references for design of wind loads during construction period of ultra-large cooling towers.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from its aqueous solutions via different advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The effects of persulfate (PS) concentration, pH, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) dose, initial CIP concentration, and reaction time on the degradation of CIP were studied. It was found that the sonochemical (US) degradation is a less efficient process (with removal efficiency of 36%) compared to the sono-nano-chemical (US/ZnO) process which resulted in removal efficiency of 70%. Maximum removal of 99% was obtained using the sono-nano-chemical/PS (US/ZnO/PS) process at a frequency of 60 kHz, time of 10 min, pH of 7, initial CIP concentration of 25 mg/L, and PS concentration of 476.06 mg/L. The addition of PS and ZnO-NPs to the process enhanced the rate of US degradation of CIP. In addition, the kinetic parameters for the US/ZnO/PS process were obtained by fitting the kinetic data into the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The kinetic data was found to fit into the pseudo-first-order kinetic model than the pseudo-second-order model. The results showed that the AOP using US/ZnO/PS is a promising technique for the treatment of ciprofloxacin containing solutions.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권11A호
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• pp.902-911
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• 2003

에미터 면적이 2.0${\times}$20 $\mu\textrm{m}$$^2$인 단위 InGaP/GaAs HBT power cell을 이용하여 IMT-2000 단말기용 MMIC 2단 전력 증폭기를 설계 및 제작하였다. 온도 변화에 따른 전력증폭기의 RF 특성 변화를 보상시킬 수 있으며, 외부 조절 전압으로 대기전류를 줄일 수 있는 능동 바이어스 회로를 채택하였다. HBT의 실측정 S 파라미터와의 fitting을 통하여 비선형 등가 회로 파라미터를 추출하였고, load-pull 시뮬레이션으로 최대 출력 정합 임피던스를 결정하였다. 제작 및 측정 결과, MMIC 2단 전력증폭기는 on-wafer 측정에서 23 ㏈의 전력 이득과 28.4 ㏈m의 출력 전력( $P_{1-}$㏈/) 및 31%의 전력 부가 효율을 얻었으며, FR-4 기판상에 off-chip 출력정합회로를 구현한 COB 측정에서 22.3 ㏈의 전력이득과 26 ㏈m의 출력전력 및 28%의 전력부가효율을 얻었으며, -40 ㏈c의 ACPR 특성을 얻었다..

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2013

광학 현미경을 통해 일정한 시간 간격으로 얻은 세포 이미지로부터 세포 변화를 자동적으로 추적 및 분석하는 것이 세포 트래킹이라고 한다. 세포 변화 과정에서 이웃에 있는 세포들이 겹쳐져 있는 상태를 클러스터라고 하며 세포트래킹에서 클러스터를 다시 세포로 분리하는 작업은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 타원 근사법을 기반으로 클러스터를 분리하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 클러스터의 외곽선을 추출한 후 외곽선의 오목정점을 이용하여 클러스터를 라인 세그먼트들로 분리한 다음 휴리스틱을 이용하여 라인 세그먼트들을 결합해 가며 근사 타원을 생성한다. 실험 결과 두 개의 세포가 겹쳐진 클러스터의 경우 평균적으로 91%, 세 개의 세포가 겹쳐진 경우 평균적으로 84% 그리고 겹쳐진 세포의 개수가 네 개 이상인 경우 약 73%의 정확도로 클러스터를 분리해 주었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.488-494
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• 1997

리튬 이온과 소듐 이온을 전기화학적, 화학적인 방버으로 2차원 층상구조의 $FeMoO_4Cl$에 층간 삽입시켰다. $FeMoO_4Cl$에 대한 충방전 곡선에서 넓은 고용체 영역이 관찰되는데, 알칼리 금속이 층간삽입되므로써 발생하는 단위세포 크기의 변화와 전자의 국부화 현상으로 인한 것이다. 리튬이 층간삽입된 경우. $LiFeMoO_4Cl$ 조성 근처에서 좁은 $Li_xFeMoO_4Cl$($0.95{\leq}x{\leq}1.06$) 고용체 영역이 형성된다. Armand 모델을 이용하여 OCV 곡선 fitting을 수행한 결과, 리튬의 층간삽입에 따른 충방전 곡선의 변화는 층간삽입 과정에서 일어나는 이 물질의 전자적, 구조적 변화에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.808-815
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• 2007

The optical performance of the mirror fur satellite camera is highly dependent on the adhesive properties between the mirror and its support. Therefore, in order to design a mirror with high optical performance, the mechanical properties of adhesives should be well defined. In this research, the mechanical properties of three kinds of space adhesives are studied. In case of the materials which show nearly incompressible behavior such as space adhesives, it is important to measure shear modulus which governs deviatoric stress components. Also the experiment should be performed in circumstances similar to real manufacturing process of mirror, because extra factors such as size effects, the adhesion effects of primer and reactions between adhesive and primer affect the properties of adhesive regions. In this research shear moduli of the adhesives are determined by using a single lap adhesively bonded joint. For the shear tests, several temperatures have been selected from $-20^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$ which is operating temperature range of the adhesive. In the case of linear behavior materials, shear moduli are calculated through a linear curve fitting. Shear stress-strain relation is obtained by using an exponential curve fitting for material which shows non-linear behavior. The shear modulus of each adhesive is expressed as a function of temperature. Characteristics and adaptability of the adhesives are discussed regarding their temperature sensitivity.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2006

Many real world cases in material failure analysis do not follow perfectly the normal distribution. Forcing of the normality assumption may lead to inaccurate predictions and poor product quality. We examine the failure process of the internal bond (IB or tensile strength) of medium density fiberboard (MDF). We propose a forced censoring technique that closer fits the lower tails of strength distributions and better estimates extremely smaller percentiles, which may be valuable to continuous quality improvement initiatives. Further analyses are performed to build an accelerated common-shaped Weibull model for different product types using the $JMP^{(R)}$ Survival and Reliability platform. In this paper, a forced censoring technique is implemented for the first time as a software module, using $JMP^{(R)}$ Scripting Language (JSL) to expedite data processing, which is crucial for real-time manufacturing settings. Also, we use JSL to automate the task of fitting an accelerated Weibull model and testing model homogeneity in the shape parameter. Finally, a package script is written to readily provide field engineers customized reporting for model visualization, parameter estimation, and percentile forecasting. Our approach may be more accurate for product conformance evaluation, plus help reduce the cost of destructive testing and data management due to reduced frequency of testing. It may also be valuable for preventing field failure and improved product safety even when destructive testing is not reduced by yielding higher precision intervals at the same confidence level.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 입출력 데이터로부터 비선형 다변수 모델을 자동 인식할 수 있는 적응형 Spline모델링(ASMOD : Adaptive Spline Modeling of Observation Data)과 혼합 곡선 근사법(Hybrid curve approximation)을 이용한 3차원 자유 형상 설계방법을 제안하고, 초기 선형 설계 단계에서 횡단면적 곡선(SAC : Sectional Area Curve) 생성 예를 통해 그 응용 가능성을 검토하였다. 즉 실적선의 SAC를 Bspline 근사법(Fitting methdo)과 유전자 알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm)에 의해 정의하여, 조정점(Control points)에 대한 데이터베이스를 구축한다. 구축된 데이터베이스-주요치수와 이들 조정점관의 관계-를 학습 데이터로 하여 ASMOD를 학습시킨후 , SAC결정을 위한 ASMOD 모델링을 구축한다. 다른 선형 특성 곡선들-design waterline curve, bottom tangent line, center profile line-에 대해서도 동일하게 적용하여 ASMOD를 모델링할 수 있으며, 이들 선형 특성 곡선들을 결합하여 초기 선형을 생성한다.