• 한국어병학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1992

본 연구는 비단잉어의 Aeromonas hydrophila에 대한 면역 반응 기구를 알기 위하여 균체항원 FKC와 HKC를 복강내에 주사하여 수온 차이별로 항체의 형성 과정과 방어력의 변화 정도를 조사하였다. 그리고 Hydrocortisone, Oxytetracycline, Chloramphenicol 및 Ascrobic acid를 항원 투여한 어체에 추가로 복강주사하여 이들 약물이 비단잉어의 면역 형성능에 미치는 영향을 조사 하고자 하였다. 수온 조건별로 살펴보면 $24^{\circ}C$ 실험구에서 FKC는 4주째, HKC는 3주째 가장 높은 응집 항체가를 나타내었고 면역 처리후 4주 및 8주째 공격 실험에서 상대 생존율은 FKC가 75~100%인 반면에 HKC는 50~60%로 나타나 $24^{\circ}C$ FKC 투여구가 비단잉어의 면역 반응에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. FKC를 투석한 후 상기 약물을 추가로 복강주사한 결과 3주째의 응집 항체가가 4~32로서 대조구의 128보다 낮았으며 또한, 4주 및 8주째 공격 실험 결과에서도 상대 생존율이 25~50%로 나타나 대조구의 75%보다 낮았으므로 비단잉어의 면역 반응에서 이들 약물은 투여 방법에 따라 면역 형성능의 저하 작용이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2001

식물성 생약재의 항균력과 활성산소(superoxide anion, $O_2^-$)의 생산에 미치는 in vitro 효과를 조사하여 금후 in vivo 실험에 적용할 때, 어류 체내 자연 저항성 증진을 꾀할 수 있는 식물성 생약재를 발굴하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. 식물성 생약재는 고삼, 귀전우, 구절초, 박하, 방풍, 연교, 약쑥, 지유, 삼백초, 삼지구엽초, 상백피, 소회향, 편축, 팔각 등 14종류로 이들을 열수추출하여 실험에 사용하였다. 항균력 시험에는 어병세균 Listonella anguillarum(Vibrio anguillarum), Vibrio sp., Vibrio alginolyticus, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus sp., Lactcoccus garvieae를 대상으로 disk법을 사용하였으며, 활성산소의 생산능은 넙치 신장 대식세포를 이용한 nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) 반응으로써 조사하였다. 그 결과,약쑥이 다른 생약재에 비하여 시험에 사용된 어병 세균에 대한 항균활성이 월등히 뛰어났으며, 또한 넙치 대식세포의 활성산소 생산능을 크게 자극하는 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.220-231
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• 2016

Yield-per-recruit (YPR) analysis is used to provide management guidance for the efficient use of a fish cohort. However, the individual fish price per unit weight of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) or hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) increases dramatically by size in Korea. Therefore, age-based production value-per-recruit (PPR) analysis has recently been developed (Zhang et al., 2014). Since age determination requires a substantial amount of money and time and it is even impossible for some fish species, it is difficult to obtain age information to apply the age-based PPR model. Thus, we attempted to develop an alternative method, which uses length data rather than age information, called the length-based PPR analysis. The results revealed that length-based PPR analysis was much more conservative for stock management than the YPR analysis. Furthermore, the PPR analysis was more economically beneficial than the YPR analysis, which can prevent the fish stock from the economic overfishing. In conclusion, the length-based PPR analysis could be a proper approach for stock assessment in the case that the individual fish price per unit weight increases dramatically by size, and this analysis is useful to obtain vital management parameters under data-deficient situation when traditional stock assessment methods are not applicable.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2008

Fisheries constitute an important sector in national economic development, and estimate to contribute about 3% of the total GDP and 5% of the GDP in agriculture. Fish production from aquaculture has been estimated at 950 tonnes for 2004. In 2003, Ghana produced only 51.7% of its requirements from its domestic sources and in 2004, achieved 68.1% of its fish requirement through domestic production and imports. It has been estimated that the production from ponds and culture-based fisheries is worth about US$ 1.5 million a year. The aquaculture sub sector comprises largely small-scale subsistence farmers who practice extensive aquaculture in earthen ponds in contrast to the intensive practices of commercial farmers. There is one cage facility which produces 200 tonnes or 21.1% of the total output. There are several laws to regulate and govern the sector and the government has set up institutions that are responsible for developing fisheries and aquaculture policy and directing and establishing research priorities. The Directorate of Fisheries (DoF) is the lead government agency for aquaculture development and the Water Research Institute of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is mandated to carry out aquaculture research. To promote fish farming, imports of farm fish are not allowed.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to investigate the differences of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion rates and feces production rates among the offsprings from cultured Japanese strain (JJ, mean BW; $17.1{\pm}0.1g$), intraspecific hybrid strain between cultured Japanese and selected Korean strain (JK, mean BW: $17.1{\pm}0.1g$) and selected Korean strain(KK, mean BW: $21.5{\pm}0.1g$) of red sea bream in order to compare their dietary protein utilization efficiency. Fish were hand-fed with a commercial diet containing 46.7% crude protein for 2 weeks, three times daily 09:00, 13:00 and 17:00. After daily feeding, the TAN excretion rates reached peaks of 49.03, 58.75 and 36.26mg/kg fish/hr for the JJ, JK and KK strain, respectively, during the daytime. The value of the KK strain was significantly lower than that of the JJ and JX shuin (P<0.05), however daily TAN excretion rates of the JJ, JK and KK strain were not different (P>0.05). When fish were fed at satiation after 4 days of starvation, TAN excretion rates reached the maximum values 4 hours after the feeding fur the KK (31.23 mg/kg fish/hr) and 6 hours after the feeding fur the JJ (44.19 mg/tg fish/hr) and JK strain (41.70 mg/kg fish/hr). After 3 days of starvation, the daily endogenous TAU excretion rates (ETE) for the JJ, JK. and KK strain were 286.91, 215.66 and 179.29mg/kg fish/day, respectively. The value of the KK strain was lower than that of the JJ and JK strain (P<0.05). The total feces production rates of the JJ, JK and KK strain were not significantly different, however the proportions of feces production rates by time for the JJ, JK and KK strain were different (P<0.05). As overall results, efficiency of dietary protein utilization of JJ, JK and KK seems to be different and KK strain could offer a desirable option for aquaculture purpose.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.132-141
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to provide fundamental information on fish swimming behavioral properties. Acoustic data was collected at nighttime from the $10^{th}$ to $12^{th}$ March, 2016 near Yokji Island in the South Sea of South Korea, and was analyzed using the fish track technique. This technique is to identify groups of single targets, which shows a pattern of systematic movement. As a result, the differences of the behavioral properties such as depth, swimming speed, vertical direction, horizontal direction, tortuosity, and depth change among days were minor; however, statistical results (Welch analysis of variance) showed significant difference between days. Especially, the target strength (TS) of the $11^{th}$ were significantly different from the $10^{th}$ and $12^{th}$. It could be assumed that gizzard shad, which was the dominant species from the catch on the $11^{th}$ March, might have affected this difference. The correlation between TS and other properties was very week. The significant difference seemed even small differences of average values because of the large data volume.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.17-18
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• 2003

Although flounder is one of the most important marine fish for aquaculture in Korea, feeding the flounder in commercial farms depends mainly on moist pellet in which over 70% frozen fishes (e.g. frozen horse mackerel) are incorporated in its formulation. Therefore, for further expansion of flounder farming, it is essential to employ practical formulated feeds that can support reasonable growth. Development of nutritionally balanced and cost-effective feeds is dependant on the information about nutritional requirement and feed utilization of the species. Nutrient and energy source in feed are needed for the growth and maintenance of fish. Protein is probably the most important nutrient affecting fish growth and feed cost. Therefore, it is essential to determine the optimum dietary protein level for the growth of fish, both its high proportion in the feed and because it is the main factor in determining feed cost. Dietary energy level is also critical because protein source in the feed is utilized as an energy source when the feed deficient in energy is fed to fish, whereas when the feed excess in energy is fed to fish, feed consumption decreased and resulted in growth reduction due to lack of other necessary nutrients for normal growth. Improper dietary protein, energy levels and/or their ratio will lead to an increase of fish production cost and deterioration of water quality resulting from wasted feed; thus, they are important in formulating commercial feed. Dietary lipids play important roles in providing energy and essential fatty acid for normal growth and survival of fish. Although carbohydrates are not essential nutrients for carnivorous fish, these compounds play important roles as a low-cost energy source for protein sparing and also as a feed binder. Nutrition researches for flounder have identified its requirements of protein, lipid and essential fatty acid, vitamin, and minerals for normal growth. Other studies have also been carried out to investigate the utilization of the protein, lipid and carbohydrate sources. Based on these nutritional information obtained, practical feed formulations have been studied for improve aquaculture production of flounder. The results of the researches on utilization of dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate by flounder are discussed in this review.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2017

Joint time-frequency images of the broadband echo signals of six fish species were obtained using the smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution in controlled environments. Affine transformation and principal component analysis were used to obtain eigenimages that provided species-specific acoustic features for each of the six fish species. The echo images of an unknown fish species, acquired in real time and in a fully automated fashion, were identified by finding the smallest Euclidean or Mahalanobis distance between each combination of weight matrices of the test image of the fish species to be identified and of the eigenimage classes of each of six fish species in the training set. The experimental results showed that the Mahalanobis classifier performed better than the Euclidean classifier in identifying both single- and mixed-species groups of all species assessed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.761-773
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• 2000

Eighteen growing male Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves were divided into three groups consisting of six animals each and fed three urea ammoniated wheat straw (UAS) -based rations supplemented with concentrate mixtures (roughage: concentrate ratio 58:42) containing deoiled ground nut cake, GNC (8%), formaldehyde treated GNC (8%) or fish meal (8%) to undertake comparative evaluation of these rations in terms of their $CH_4$ production and growth (285 d duration) potential. A digestibility trial (10 d duration) was followed by a comparative calorimetric study in respiration chamber. Dry matter (DM) intake (84.3 to $89.3g/kg\;W^{0.75}d^{-1}$) did not differ between treatments. The digestibility coefficient of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral and acid detergent fiber did not differ significantly in different diets. Urinary energy loss as a percent of gross energy (GE) was not affected by diets. Average values of $CH_4$ production were 84.3, 77.6 and 99.1 g/d and $CH_4$ energy losses as percent of gross energy were 5.7, 5.2 and 6.1 percent on .GNC, formaldehyde treated GNC and fishmeal, respectively, and did not differ significantly. When expressed per unit of digestible OM intake, $CH_4$ production (g) was lower (p<0.05) on formaldehyde treated GNC (30.6) than on untreated GNC (30.6) and fish meal (31.9). Total ME intake and heat production were similar and hence the energy balances on different diets were similar. Nutritive value of rations in terms of digestible CP and ME were similar. Average daily gain calculated on the basis of regression of fortnights on cumulative liveweight gain in calves fed on concentrate containing unprotected GNC, protected GNC and fish meal were 437.1, 483.9 and 481.6 g, respectively. This indicated that the intake of energy was sufficient to meet the requirement of calves growing at 400 g per d. However, CP intake was around 150% of the stipulated standard (Kearl, 1982). Feed conversion ratios on unprotected GNC, protected GNC and fish meal were 11.60, 11.10 and 10.4 respectively. It was concluded that because significantly (p<0.05) low $CH_4$ is produced on protected GNC (8%), it is very good and sustainable protein source in comparison to poor quality fish meal and untreated GNC to be used in concentrate mixture for supplementing UAS-based diets.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 생선폐기물의 혐기성 소화처리를 위한 생선폐기물의 혐기성 생분해 특성을 평가하기 위해 serum bottle을 이용한 BMP(Biochemical Methane Potential) test를 수행하였다. 어판장에서 배출되는 생선폐기물 중 고등어 손질 시 발생되는 폐기물 중 내장을 제외한 부분과 갈치손질 시 발생되는 폐기물 중 내장을 제외한 부분, 생선손질 시 발생되는 내장류 3개 군을 실험대상 기질로 선정하여 사용하였다. 각각의 생선폐기물들을 분쇄 후 serum bottle에 11 50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml씩 혐기적으로 넣은 다음 BMP test를 실시하였으며 실험의 정확도를 위하여 동일 시료에 대하여 3개씩 중복으로 조제하여 실험하였다. 배양시간에 따른 누적 메탄가스 생성량과 메탄생성속도를 평가하였다. 이들 값들은 기질의 특성에 따라 다르기는 하나 통상 휘발성 고형물 (Volatiles Solids: VS) 1 kg당 420-470 ml의 메탄가스를 생성하는 것으로 나타났다. 기질 종류별로 볼 경우 갈치와 고등어군에 비하여 내장 군이 고형물 단위 중량당 메탄발생량과 분해속도 측면에서 모두 높은 것으로 나타났다. 대상 시료에 대해 원소분석을 실시한 결과, C/N비는 5.2로 나타났다. 원소분석 자료를 근거로 계산한 이론적인 최종 메탄생성량은 $522ml{\cdot}CH_4/g{\cdot}VS$로 나타났다. 이를 본 실험에서 구한 실제 최종 메탄생성량과 비교해 볼 때 생분해도는 0.847로 평가되었다.