• 한국어병학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

Parasitic leeches could directly (through causing poor growth, anemia and wound in the fish) and indirectly (by predisposition of the fish to secondary bacterial and fungal infections) affects their hosts. In the present study, fishes that were attacked by leeches in natural and experimental environment were studied. Pathologic samples were obtained from damages at the site of leech bite, as well as kidney and liver of the fish. Histopathological examination revealed numerous lesions at the site of leech bite including tissue demolition, detachment at the site of leech bite in the epidermis of epithelial tissue in the skin, destructed nucleus in epithelial cells of the skin plus necrosis in the damaged skin and weak inflammatory penetration to acute necrotic damages along with piercing dermis layer. Pathologic lesions in the kidney included some changes such as proliferation by increasing glomerular cells and membrane cells in capillary vein of the kidney, blood cell necrosis in kidney with infiltration of white blood cells mainly mononuclear and less polymorphonuclear which are the symptoms of anemia due to blood feeding and sucking by leeches. There was also a chronic kidney infection probably originated from another part of body such as skin. Moreover, leeches caused hemorrhagic anemia due to blood consumption of the hosts, which led to observation of immature red blood cells. Also results showed that diseases induced by leeched in fish could be acute or chronic, which depends on size of fish, species of leech and severity of infection.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2019

This study investigated the effects of dietary cactus Opuntia ficus-indica stem and fruit extract on the growth, flesh quality, lysozyme activity, and histological changes of growing Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Three replicates of fish (152 g/fish) were fed one of the following diets: containing 0 additions (control); 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0% cactus stem powder; or 1.0% fruit extract for 11 weeks. Growth performance did not differ significantly among treatments, including survival, final weight, feed efficiency, and daily feed intake. The experimental diets did not affect the proximate and fatty acid compositions, plasma biochemistry, or dorsal muscle texture of the fish. However, the plasma lysozyme activity of the fish fed the diet containing 0.1% cactus stem was significantly higher than that of the fish fed the control diet. These fish had variously sized lipid vacuoles in the liver tissue compared with the control. Distinct mucosal folds and mucus-secreting goblet cells developed in the fish fed the diet containing 1% cactus stem compared with the other dietary groups. These results suggest that feeding growing Korean rockfish cactus stem might increase the plasma lysozyme activity and induce histological changes in the gastrointestinal tract that might be related to digestion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1140-1152
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• 1997

Serum and liver lipid levels and fatty acid composition of liver phospolipids (PL) were investigated in 36 rats which consumed either one of five different dietary fats or a high carbohydrate diet for 4 weeks. As the sources of five dietary fats, concentrated cicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), fish oil (FO), perilla oil(PO), corn oil(CO) and beef tallow (BT) were provided to the rats. As a control group, cron starch (CS) replaced dietary fat. The FO group showed lower serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipiprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and serum PL levels than those of the CO group(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum TC and serum HDL-C levels between the polyunsatured fatty acid(PUFA) groups and the EPA, FO and PO groups. The CS group showed the highest level serum TC. Compared with the CS group, both the EPA and CO groups showed significantly lower atherogenic indices(AI). However, there were no significant differences in AI among different dietary fat groups. No significant differences in liver triglyceride (TG) , TC and PL levels were detected among the six experimental groups. Phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) composed 30-40% and 15-20% of total liver PL, respectively. The fatty acid composition of liver PC and PE reflected dietary fatty acid composition . Compared to the different dietary fat based diets used in our study, the high carbohydrate diet had the most adverse effects on serum lipid profiles. However, we can not conclude from this result that long chain n-3 PUFA diets such as the EPA and FO based diets have more beneficial effects on serum lipid profiles than n-6 PUFA diet such as the CO based diet or shorter chain n-3 PUFA diets like the PO based diet.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded pellet (EP) diets, as compared to a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, grown in commercial-scale aquaculture for 1 year. Four diets with duplication per diet were formulated for this experiment: two experimental EP diets (EP1 and EP2), one commercial EP diet (CEP), and a raw fish MP diet (MP). The MP diet consisted of 80% frozen horse mackerel and 20% commercial binder meal. Fish weighing $30.1{\pm}0.1 g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were distributed randomly to each aquarium as a group of 2,600 fish. Weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of fish fed EP2 and MP were higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed CEP, while those of fish fed EP1 did not differ (P>0.05) from those fed EP2 and MP. However, fish fed the MP diet had a higher survival rate than fish fed the other diets. Fish fed EP2 had higher serum, phospholipids and total protein levels, and lower levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and total cholesterol than fish fed MP (P<0.05). Dorsal muscle and liver proteins and lipid of fish fed EP1 were higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed CEP, while those of fish fed EP1 and MP did not differ from those of fish fed EP2 (P>0.05). These results strongly suggest that EP1 could be developed to replace MP for grow-out stage production of olive flounder without adverse effects on growth performance.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.16-18
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• 2004

본 연구는 닭의 여러 조직별 세포들의 telomere 함유율과 telomerase 활성도를 분석 제시하고자 하였다. 한국재래계의 수정란 및 발생단계별 신생 조직과 출생 후 성장단계별 각 조직들에 대한 telomere의 함량과 telomerase 활성도를 분석하였고, 초기배자, 간, 뇌, 신장, 심장, 생식선 조직 및 백혈구 세포를 분석대상으로 하였다. Telomere의 함량 분석은 chicken telomeric DNA probe를 이용한 Q-FISH법으로 수행하였고, telomerase activity의 분석은 TRAP법을 이용하였다. 분석결과 초기 배자, 생식선 세포 및 신장세포에서는 지속적으로 매우 높은 telomerase activity를 나타내었으나 뇌, 심장, 간 등에서는 발생 및 발육이 진행됨에 따라 유의적 감소 양상을 보였다. 닭의 각 조직별 telomere의 함량 분석결과, 대부분의 세포들이 성장이 진행됨에 따라 telomere 함유율이 감소되는 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 telomerase의 활성도와 telomere의 함량간에 매우 밀접한 연관성을 보이며. 이들이 닭 조직별 세포의 분화 및 증식성 특이성과도 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1984

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the food preferences of college students of Korea. The survey was conducted on november, 1981 through the questionnaires. The subjects were 1184 male and 1241 female students of 9 universities. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) Preferences of staple foods : Cooked rice was preferred most by the subjects. Male liked rice more than female, whereas female liked bread and noodle more than male. Among the different kinds of rice, bread, and noodles, the following food items were favored by the subjects. (plain rice, red bean rice and soybean rice ; salad bread and vegetable bread ; Nangmyun and Bibim Kooksu). The foods not preferred were barley rice, instant noodle and soybean milk noodle. 2) Preference of side - dishes : Among the kinds of side - dishes by different preparation methods, stews were the most favored and the next favored were soups by the subiecls whereas female showed lower preference of soups than male subjects Most disliked kinds of side-dishes were changachi and moochim. For example, side-dishes which showed higher preference in each preparation method were stew (Kimchi stew and Soybean paste stew), soup (Beef soup and Seaweed soup), kimchi (Korean cabbage Kimchi), Bockeum (Sauted beef and Sauted Kimchil, cheon(Beef Cheon, fish Cheon), Kui(broiled saury and broiled yellow tail runner), Chorim(braised cuttle fish and braised fish cake), Namul(sliced radish, cucumber, and spinachi), and Changachi (dried radish). The side-dishes which showed lower preference were Alaskan pollack soup, soybean curd residue stew, cabbage Kimchi, liver Cheon, sauted liver, hairtail Chorim, radish rootNamul, and dried radish root Changachi. 3) Preferences of snacks. Fruits apple, peach, pear) were the most preferred snacks by the subjects. Male preferred ginsang tea whereas famale preferred coffee. Both bate and female subjects showed higher preference of milk and lower preference of sweets. 4) Preference of one-dish meals : No one dish meal were disliked by the subjects. Male liked Bockeum-Bab more than female, and female liked Mandukuk more than male subjects.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2008

The effects of noise stress response on hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCHC) and plasma parameters (cortisol, glucose and albumin) in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), a very important commercial marine fish in Korea, were investigated. These parameters were analyzed on fish exposed to an explosion of noise. There were no significant differences or trends in hematological parameters (hematocrit; control $29.7{\pm}4.8%$, experiment 32.0 35.5%; hemoglobin; control $6.5{\pm}0.7g/dL$, experiment 6.2 7.8 g/dL; MCHC; control $19.6{\pm}0.6g/dL$, experiment 19.9~22.2 g/dL). However, plasma cortisol and glucose exhibited significant differences from start to finish and displayed the following patterns (cortisol; control $180.7{\pm}35.4ng/mL$, experiment 247.0 444.5 ng/mL; glucose; control $32.5{\pm}6.3mg/dL$, experiment 50.5 109.0 mg/dL). In addition, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression and basal levels of various tissues (eye, gills, liver, intestine, skin and gonads) were investigated for the first time in this marine fish. When the Korean rockfish was exposed to explosive noise stress, the GR mRNA was expressed more in the gonads than in other tissues tested and was elevated significantly from two and four times in the liver and gills, respectively, after noise exposure.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 1988

This experiment was performed to study the sequential accumulation of mercury in selected tissues of gold fish (Carassius auratus) exposed to 2, 6, 30, 120 and 300 $\mu$g Hg/1 as HgCl$_2$. In order to prepare treatment groups suitable for the present study, one control and five experimental groups, which were composed of I (2 $\mu$g/l), II (6$\mu$g/l), III (30$\mu$g/l), IV (120$\mu$g/l), V (300 $\mu$g/l), were used in 180 liter glass aquaria. The experiment was started by transfering 20 fish of average total length 140 $\pm$ 20 mm to each of the six tanks and allowing the uptake to take place for 12 weeks period. Fish were killed after time periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and samples were disected by five parts gill, kidney liver, muscle and egg. The summarized results were as follows: 1. In control group, low concentrations of mercury(range 0.01-0.11 $\mu$g/g)were determined in the all selected tissues. 2. In experimental group, the average levels of mercury residues in the gill, kidney, liver muscle and egg were 3.61-189.54 $\mu$g/g, 13.91-182.58 $\mu$g/g, 8.56-66.49 $\mu$g/g, 0.30-20.33 $\mu$g/g, and 1.63-23.76$\mu$g/g, respectively. 3. The mercury residues in selected tissues of the experimental group were generally 230-9100 times higher than those of the control group. 4. The amounts of methylmercury per total mercury in the muscle after 12 weeks were 0.10/0.30 $\mu$g/g(33.33%) in the I group, 0.14/1.18$\mu$g/g(11.86%) in the II group, 0.25/5.76 $\mu$g/g(4.34%) in the III group, 0.39/11.48$\mu$g/g(3.40%) in the IV group and 0.40/20.33 $\mu$g/g(1.97%) in the V group.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2010

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (1.1-5.6%) and vitamin E (70 and 400 mg/kg) on the growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of n-3 HUFA and vitamin E. Diets 1, 2 and 3 consist of 400 mg vitamin E/kg diet with graded levels of 1.1, 3.0, and 5.6% n-3 HUFA, respectively. Graded levels of n-3 HUFA (1.1, 3.0, and 4.0%) were added in diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively, containing 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet each. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance of rockfish was affected by neither dietary n-3 HUFA nor vitamin E levels. Feed efficiency and hepatosomatic index were slightly decreased (P<0.05) with increment of dietary n-3 HUFA at each dietary vitamin E level. Dietary vitamin E and n-3 HUFA levels did not affect proximate composition and vitamin E concentration in the dorsal muscle of rockfish. Liver moisture and crude protein contents positively related to dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Liver lipid content and hematocrit value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by increasing dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) concentrations in the dorsal muscle significantly correlated to dietary n-3 HUFA levels, except for fish fed the diet 6 containing 4% n-3 HUFA and 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet. EPA concentration in the dorsal muscle of fish fed the diet 6 was significantly lower than that of fish fed the diets 2, 3 and 5. The present findings suggest that feeding of diets containing excessive n-3 HUFA level with varying addition of vitamin E may alter fatty acid composition in the dorsal muscle, but do not affect growth of juvenile rockfish.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.420-430
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• 1991

To compare the hypolipidemic effects of n6 linoleic acid. n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid in rats fed high carbohydrate(70% Cal) diet. male Sprague Dawley rats were fed different experimental diets for 6 weeks. which were different only in fatty acid composition. The dietary fats were beer tallow(BT) as a source of saturated fatty acid (SFA), corn oil(CO) for n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(LL) and fish oil(FO) for n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Plasma total cholesterol(Chol) level was increased by n6 LA but decreased by n3 LL and n3 EPA and most effectively reduced by n3 EPA. HDL-Chol level was raised by n6 LA, but there was no significant change in HDL-Chol levels by n3 LL and was lowered by n3 EPA. Plasma TG level was reduced by n6 LA, but lipogenesis in liver was not affected by n6 LA. However, plasma TG level was lowered by n3 LL and EPA. Both lipogenic enzyme activity and liver TC level were also decreased by n3 PUFA. The relative proportions of TG in VLDL was significantly lowered by n3 EPA. but the proportions of Apo B in VLDL was not changed by n3 EPA. Overall. the hypolipidemic effect was in the order of EPA+ DHA(n3) >LL(n3) >LA(n6) and fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.