• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine effects of dietary inclusion of various concentrations and sources of sea tangle Laminaria japonica on growth, body composition and plasma chemistry of juvenile black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Juvenile fish (N=810; average mass=8.9 g) were distributed among twenty-seven 200 L flow-through tanks (30 fish per tank). Nine experimental diets were prepared: control (Con) without additives; sea tangle powder at 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 5%, (P-0.1, P-0.5, P-1, P-3 and P-5 diets, respectively); and fresh sea tangle (F-1); and 1% sea tangle extract (E-1). Each powdered additive was substituted for an eqaul amount of wheat flour, and the extract was substituted for an equal amount of water in the respective experiemtnal diets. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the experimental diets. Feed consumption by fish fed the P-1 diet was higher than that of fish fed the P-3 and P-5 diets. Moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, whole-body ash content (excluding the liver), liver moisture, and crude protein and lipid contents of fish were not affected by the experimental diets. None of the fish plasma criteria were affected by the experimental diets, with the exception of plasma glucose. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of various concentrations and sources of sea tangle did not significantly affect the growth, feed efficiency, body composition or plasma chemistry of juvenile black porgy.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.115-134
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• 2017

A total number of 668 apparently healthy fish were obtained from farm to study the effect of two heavy metals (Copper and Mercury) on histopathology of liver, kidney, spleen, gills and muscles also residues in muscles. The $LC_{50}$/96 hr. of Cu and Hg were estimated and fish exposed to 1/2 $LC_{50}$ for 7 days and for 1/10 $LC_{50}$ for 8 weeks from each product separately. Histopathological findings in acute and chronic mercuric chloride toxicity revealed degeneration and necrosis in the glomeruli, interstitium tissue and epithelium lining renal tubules. The tubular epithelium became necrotic at several places. Eosinophilic hyaline droplets is exist in the cytoplasm of the necrosed cells. Degenerative changes and hyperactivity in melanomachrophage center was seen in the spleen together with some necrotic areas. Necrosis and aggregation of melanomachrophage were seen in the hepatic cells, Hepatic cells showed vacuolar degeneration in the hepatic cells. Gills showed loss in the lamellae of the filaments associated with edema, inflammatory cells infiltration and haemorrhages in the arch. The sarcoplasm of the bundles of the skeletal muscle showed granular degeneration and focal inflammatory cells infiltration between the hyalinized bundles. Mercury residues obtained from these studies in the acute toxicity were 0.22 ppm/gm in the 2nd day, 0.411 ppm/gm in the $5^{th}$ day ended with 0.96 ppm/gm in the $7^{th}$ day. In chronic toxicity it was 1.1320, 1.7140, 2.3620 and 3.5640 ppm/gm respectively from the $2^{nd}$ to the $8^{th}$ week of exposure. In acute and chronic copper toxicity, there was degenerative changes in renal tubules. Melanophores aggregation in the wall of the blood vessels of the spleen and depletion of some of the melanophores in the melanomachrophage were seen together with necrosis in some areas. Congested Mvs (Micro vessels) and vacuolation of hepatocytes were observed. Some areas of hemorrhage and melanophores vacuolar degeneration in the liver were seen. There was mitosis in some areas with displesia of hepatopancreatic cells and eosinophilic granular cells aggregation. Zymogen granules disappeared and there were dyplastic hepatocytes. Congestion in the blood vessels of the gill filaments, associated with massive number of granular eosinophilic cells infiltration were seen in the base of the filaments. There were sever vacuolization and hyalinization in the skeletal muscle bundles. Detection of residues of copper sulfate revealed increase of the amount of copper measured in ppm/gm comparing to the normal control starting from 0.60 ppm/g in the $2^{nd}$ day, 0.67 ppm/g in the $5^{th}$ day and 0.67 ppm/g in the $7^{th}$ day. Result obtained in chronic copper sulfate toxicity revealed gradual increase of the amount of copper which ranged from 0.18 ppm/g at the $2^{nd}$ week to 0.21 ppm/g in the $8^{th}$ week of exposure.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2010

Arowana (Scleropages formosus) is the most valuable group of ornamental fishes and very much in demand in the ornamental fish trade and commands high price ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars per fish. In this paper, we described a case of mortality of arowana from a private aquarium in Korea. A bacterial pathogen from fish organs (brain, kidney, liver) was cultured, identified and confirmed using Vitek System 2, API 20E test, multiplex PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The morphological and biochemical properties of the bacterium isolated from the brain, kidney and liver of the fish were similar to Aeromonas sobria. Positive amplification products using the multiplex PCR assay for detection of A. sobria were obtained from these organs. The 16S rRNA gene of the isolates from fish was identical and exhibited 100% sequence similarity with A. sobria (AY987762.1) strain available from GenBank. This bacterium contained hemolysin gene, a virulence factor that plays an important role in outbreaks of disease and is pathogenic to humans as well as in fish. Although this opportunistic bacterium was isolated from a fish without any external symptoms, this pathogen may act as a reservoir and enhance chances of zoonosis to human such as during handling.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2001

To evaluate the arsenic effect of fish endocrine disruption, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were treated with 0.5 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L of As$_2$O$_3$ for 14 days and gonadal development was examined by histological analysis. In ovaries from female crucial carps exposed to 3.0 mg/L, immature follicles and atretic follicles were appeared while various normal developmental stages of oocytes were shown in control group. Body weight and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of treated carp were also decreased compared to control group. However, no other significant histological changes in liver or kidney were shown in this exposure scheme. This means that reproductive organs are more sensitive than other organs and arsenic may exert endocrine disrupting effect through inhibiting the development of reproductive organ in fish.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2001

4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase plays an essential role in the 4-aminobutyric acid shunt, converting 4-aminobutyrate to succinic semi aldehyde. We isolated and sequenced' a fish cDNA fragment that encodes 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. A brain cDNA library from flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was constructed using the ZAP- III XR vector and screened for the fish 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase gene using a probe derived from the conserved sequences of known mammalian 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferases. A partial cDNA for 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase was cloned and found to be 700 bp in length corresponding to 66 amino acids. Nucleotide sequence of the clone was aligned with NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) DNA sequence data base. The result showed high sequence identity with previously reported mammalian 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferases. The trans­criptional level of flounder 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase was detected with the presence of mRNA at different flounder tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of flounder 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase was also tested and detected from the flounder tissues of the brain, liver, kidney and pancreas.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.187-191
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• 1994

The present stduy was undertaken to investigate the possible effect of Puffer fish skin extract (Pf) on the heptic acetaldehyde metabolism . It was obsrved that PF markedly decreased the acetaldehyde levels in blood and liver. The activity of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald DH) increased by induction of acute intoxicatiion of alcohol (5 g/kg) was further increased through pretreatment with PF for 2 weeks. When PF was given to rat fed with 25% alcohol solution instead of water for 6 weeks. the activity of Ald DH in mitochondrial fraction decreased to about 28% compared with sucrose-treated group. But after pretreatemnt of PF, the activity was restored to the normal level. By the treatment with disulfiram (300 mg/kg, once a day for 3days) was restored to the control after the pretreatment with PF. And also mitochondrial Ald DH activity in vitro was not changed. All these observations suggest that reduction of acetaldehyde levels are partly due to increase activity of mitochondrial Ald DH. Therefore, the recovery from intoxication of acetaldehyde may be enhanced by treatment with PF.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2001년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.295-296
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• 2001

Dietary lipids are important sources of energy and of essential fatty acids (EFA). Providing desired amounts of EFA is necessary for the normal growth and survival of juvenille fish. EFA requirements of fish are affected by fish species, water temperature and salinity, and different from those of terrestrial animals (Castell 1979). EFA affect the fluidity and permeability of membranes, enzymes activity and are known as the precursors of the eicosanoids. (omitted)

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2015

Red lip mullet Chelon haematocheilus (body weight = $468{\pm}91g$) which became sick during an outbreak of disease at mariculture facilities at Cheonsu Bay, Korea, during July-August 2013, were examined to identify the cause of the disease. Diseased mullets displayed green liver syndrome, and Lactococcus garvieae were isolated from their internal organs. Argulus sp., Trichodina sp., and/or Vibrio spp. were also discovered in some infected fish. Histopathological examination revealed that fatty liver syndrome with hepatocyte degeneration, reflected in heterokaryons, inflammatory lesions, and melanomacrophage centers ($MMC_S$), had caused fibrosis around the kidney, spleen, and blood vessels. After the outbreak, visceral fat and green liver syndrome in the mullets were consistently observed throughout the year in the same mariculture facilities, indicating that the cultured mullets suffered a chronic metabolic disorder. Although Vibrio spp. were also isolated from some individuals, L. garvieae, which is known to be a causative agent of red lip mullet mortality, was isolated from all diseased individuals. This is the first report of L. garvieae infection in cultured red lip mullet.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1999

Ten specimens of pufferfish Lagocephalus gloveri(called Gumeun-mibog in Korean) were purchased at a fish market in Pusan Korea. The pufferfishes were immediately frozen packed in ice boxes transpor-ted to our laboratory and then dissected in to four parts. The tissues were homoginized after adding with chloroform: methanol mixture solution and storaged at cool and dark place to extract total lipid. The total lipid contents were 29,34∼36.54% in liver 4.95∼6.11% in intestine 1.08∼1.60% in skin and 0.23∼0.38% in muscle of the pufferfish respectively. The contents of DHA and EPA were higher in the total lipids of livers showing 15.99% DHA and 3.04% EPA. The other fatty acids in the total lipids of liver were mainly composed of palmitic acid(16:0) palmitoleic acid(16:1) stearic acid(18:0) and oliec acid(18:1) Furthermore the contents of neurtral lipids were 95.45% and those of phospholipids and glycolipids were 1.45 and 3.09% respectively. Main fattty acids of the neutral lipid were composed of palmitic acid(16:0) stearic acid(18:0) oleic acid(18:1) oleic acid(18:1) EPA(20:6) and DHA(22:6) The contents of DHA and EPA were 16.62 and 2.41% respectvely. From these results of toxicity in the raw liver the tissue was judged to be nontoxic before and after extracting of total lipid.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2011

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were exposed to waterborne Cu (control, 50, 80, 150, and 320 ${\mu}g$/L) for 30 days and then depurated for 20 days to investigate the effects of waterborne Cu exposure on growth, accumulation, and elimination. The weight-specific growth rate was significantly negatively related to waterborne Cu concentrations at 150 and 320 ${\mu}g$/L. The order of Cu accumulation in different tissues of exposed fish was liver>intestines>gills>kidneys>muscle, suggesting that the liver is more important than other tissues for the storage of Cu in olive flounder. The accumulation factor for the gills, intestines, liver, and muscle increased with increasing exposure time, and accumulation was negatively related to exposure concentration for the gills, kidneys, and muscle. Cu concentrations in the gills, intestines, and liver continuously decreased for 20 days of depuration. The fastest elimination rate occurred in the intestines at all exposure concentrations, and the order of Cu elimination in the different tissues was intestines>liver>gills.