• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.475-486
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• 2008

In this study, fire-retardant chemicals were melt with mixed composition ratios of dibasic ammonium phosphate and each half of boric acid and borax in hot water, in which hammer-milled chips were immersed to increase swelling of waste particleboards. Also, fire-retardant treated particles from sawn lumber chip and recycled particleboard chip were composed in ratio of 70:30 in core layer to improve boards' properties. Retention ratio of fire-retardant chemicals for the particles for face layer was high due to high specific surface area, and that of sawn lumber chips was somewhat higher than that of recycled particleboard chips. The mixture of particles from sawn lumber chips and recycled PB of 70:30 in weight ratio exceeded bending strength of 100 $kgf/cm^2$. It seemed that the relatively greater portions of dibasic ammonium phosphate affected adversely to dimensional stability, however fire-retardants treatment resulted in distinct effect lowering formaldehyde emission such as $E_0$ type(0.5mg/$\ell$ or less) in KS F 3104. In fire-retardancy, the recycled boards with a mixed ratio of dibasic ammonium phosphate to boric acid borax(50:50 mixture) of 70% to 30% in weight satisfied fire-retardancy 3rd grade in KS F 2271, and also this composition from cone calorimeter test met same standard grade figuring total heat release of 4.6MJ/$m^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.3-57
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• 1985

This research was conducted to examine the feasibility of developing fire retardant particleboard and complyboard. Particleboard were manufactured using meranti particle(Shorea spp.)made with Pallmann chipper, and complyboard meranti particle and apitong veneer (Dipterocarpus spp.). Particles were passed through 4mm (6 mesh) and retained on 1mm (25 mesh). Urea formaldehyde resin was added 10 percent on ovendry weight of particle. Face veneer for complyboard was 0.9, 1.6 and 2.3mm in thickness and spread with 36 g/(30.48 cm)$^2$ glue on one side. Veneers were soaked with 10 percent solution of five fire retardant chemicals (diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, Pyresote and Minalith), and particles with 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent solution of five chemicals. Particleboard and complyboard were evaluated on physical and mechanical properties, and fire retardancy. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Among five fire retardant chemicals treated to particleboard and complyboard, the retention of ammonium sulfate in 5 percent solution showed the lowest as 1.39 kg/(30.48 cm)$^3$ exceeding the minimum retention of 1.125 kg/(30.48 cm)$^3$ recommended by Forest Products Laboratory and Koch. 2. Particleboard and complyboard treated with diammonium phosphate showed higher modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength and screw holding power than those with the other chemicals. 3. MOR and MOE of complyboard treated with fire retardant chemicals were greater than those of fire retardant particleboard. 4. Thickness swelling of fire retardant complyboard was lower than that of fire retardant particleboard. 5. The moisture content of the boards treated with Pyresote and Minalith increased and with monoammonium phosphate reduced. 6. Fire retardant particleboard showed no ignition, and fire retardant complyboard started ignition, but time required to ignite was prolonged comparing the controlboard. Complyboard with only shell veneer treated showed ignition and lingering flame, but lingering flame time was shorter than controlboard. Complyboard with treated both core and veneer showed ignition but not lingering flame. 7. Flame length, carbonized area and weight loss were smaller than controlboard but had no significant difference among chemicals treated. 8. Temperature of unexposed surface of fire retardant particleboard was lowered with the increasing concentration of five chemicals. 9. Temperature of unexposed surface of fire retardant particleboard was lowered with the highest in Pyresote and the lowest in Minalith. 10. Temperature of unexposed surface of fire retardant complyboard was lower than that of controlboard.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the fire retardant performance of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) applied for particleboard. This work measured heat release rate(HRR), total heat release(THR) and smoke production rate(SPR) of xGnP added particleboard, using cone calorimeter to assess its fire characteristics according to the KS F ISO 5660-1 standard code. Heat release rates of all specimens treated by xGnP were less than the $200kW/m^2$ for a total experiment period of five minutes. Heat release rates of the specimens coated with xGnP were lower than those of the specimens made by mixing wood particles with xGnP directly. Meanwhile, the total heat release rates of xGnP coated specimen maintained quite lower level than the uncoated so the xGnP coating were effective in improving the fire retardant performance of particleboard. However, the smoke emission peaking problem at the initial combustion period, which was caused by adding base coating materials, should be resolved for further satisfaction as a fire retardant materials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.39-48
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• 1983

This research was performed to investigate the manufacturing possibility of the particleboard treated with commercial fire retardant chemicals. Laboratory test boards at this investigation were made from particles treated by soaking into 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent concentration solutions of ammonium sulfate and Minalith before resin was applied. According to the results, MOR (modulus of repture) and MOE (modulus of elasticity) in flexure exceeded type 100 (100 kgf/$cm^2$, $1.5{\times}10^4\;kgf/cm^2$) of the Korean Industrial Standard (KS F 3104). Except for 15 and 20 percent chemicals concentrations of Minalith, every internal bond stress values met type 100 (1.5 kgf/$cm^2$) of KS F 3104. However thickness swelling values of fire retardant treated particleboards were not reached in the Standard (12%).