• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate specific crowding areas resulted from diverse physical factors of multi-plex theaters in a fire evacuation, and more accurately predict the evacuation route of people. To achieve these purpose, the architectural characteristics of three multi-plex theaters in Jinju have been chosen, and the evacuation experiments through the computer simulation called Simulex were carried out for each on the these theaters. The conclusions from this study are as follows: (1) Crowding usually happens cross areas between theater inside and corridors, and Crowding rate depending on the number of cross areas. (2) It is necessary to design the escape routes being employed ordinary times. And the egress routes planning should be integrated into space programming at the early stage of building design.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.185-192
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• 1997

The combustion of cellulose insulation treated with Borax, Boric acid and Aluminum Sulfate as combustion retardants is examined by candle type combustion tester. The cellulose fibers in cellulose insulation are classified by diameter as less than 0.2mm, 0.2mm-0.5mm, 0.5mm-2mm and more than 2mm. The burning behavior of cellulose insulation are studied by LOI (Limit Oxygen Index: Beginning point of smoldering), L- point (Lower point of combustion transition from smoldering- flaming to flaming combustion), LOI, L-point and H-point rise with the increasing particle size of cellulose fibers because thermal decomposition rate of cellulose fiber decreases. The phenomena of combustion transition from smoldering to flaming combustion are determined by the generating rate of combustible gas and the formation rate of combustible gas mixture within the zone of cellulose fiber heated.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 2018

Recently, many countries around the world began to show interest in safety against terrorism, fire, and natural disasters. This study aimed to propose a quantitative measurement system for emergency evacuation and safety for various kinds of terrorism and fire within high-rise multi-purpose facilities, which can measure the pedestrians' ordinary walking patterns in the concourse with the highest pedestrian volume out of all the spaces within multi-story buildings, predict pedestrians' evacuation walking lines when a sudden disaster breaks out, and analyze the gait coefficient, occupant density, and evacuation behavior time.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.3-7
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• 1989

The aim of this study is to provide the basic data of spray setting method for the fireproof covering. For this purpose, the purpose, the behavior of different three kinds method which is the number of thimes, interval, finishing for a required performance. The result of the data analysis shows that it is better to spray setting method at a time and to finish by natural becomes to reduce a period and labor cost for works.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.328-331
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.187-190
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• 2005

By the rapid technological advance and social needs, demand of Multi Function Facility is on the increase. The multiplex is an alternative of them. In case of fire, special function of facility nay result in terrible accident. Therefore, literature and regulations survey on the multiplex were enforced, Multiplex facilities in Daejeon City were surveyed, and reformation of regulation and structural system were suggested in this study.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2020

As performance-based design (PBD) has a direct impact on evacuation safety assessments, designing fire scenarios based on real fire tests is essential. To improve the reliability of the PBD for fire safety in multiplexes, information on fire behavior, such as heat release rate (HRR) and fire spread rate, are provided in this study by conducting a standard fabric flammability test. To this end, several chairs were arranged in a pattern that resembled a theater-style seating. The peak HRR and heating value per unit mass for each chair ranged from 415 kW to 988 kW and 15.2 MJ/kg to 23.8 MJ/kg, respectively. The heating values per unit mass of the new and old chairs were 23.6 MJ/kg and 16.7 MJ/kg, respectively. As the quantity of plastic and cushioning materials in the new chairs was more than that of the old ones, the new chairs were more vulnerable to fire hazards. Furthermore, when the chairs were arranged in a line, the fire spread rate was observed to be 0.39-0.42 m/min, regardless of the ignition location. Finally, a fire growth curve showing the peak HRR and fire spread rate was also demonstrated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.383-398
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• 2020

This paper investigates the progressive collapse behavior of 3D steel-framed gravity buildings under fires with a cooling phase. The effect of fire protections and bracing systems on whether, how, and when a gravity building collapses is studied. It is found that whether a building collapses or not depends on the duration of the heating phase, and it may withstand a "short-hot" fire, but collapses under a mild fire or a "long-cool" fire. The collapse time can be conservatively determined by the time when the temperature of steel columns reaches a critical temperature of 550 ℃. It is also found that the application of a higher level of fire protection may prevent the collapse of a building, but may also lead to its collapse in the cooling phase due to the delayed temperature increment in the heated members. The tensile membrane action in a heated slab can be resisted by a tensile ring around its perimeter or by tensile yielding lines extended to the edge of the frame. It is recommended for practical design that hat bracing systems should be arranged on the whole top floor, and a combination of perimeter and internal vertical bracing systems be used to mitigate the fire-induced collapse of gravity buildings. It is also suggested that beam-to-column connections should be designed to resist high tensile forces (up to yielding force) during the cooling phase of a fire.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2010

In this study, experimental test and numerical analysis were conducted to investigate the heat transfer characteristics and fiber performance of high strength concrete. The fire characteristics of the high strength concrete that couldn't be obtained through the test due to specific requirements and restrictions were forecast using numerical analysis approach. The outcome from the numerical analysis and the test were compared to verify and improve the reliability of the analysis. A numerical analysis of 80 and 100 MPa high strength concrete cases were carried out to identify the heat transfer characteristics and fire behavior using software, ABACUS (V6.8) From the results of verification experiment, a 25~55% level of beam shrinkage reduction was observed compared to the concrete without Fiber-Cocktail, indicating the improved fire resistance performance, which appeared to be attributable to the function of Fiber-Cocktail that was able to control the heat transfer characteristics and ultimately result in enhancing the fire resistance performance.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.3 s.86
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• pp.26-32
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• 2005