• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1997

Plasma techniques permit modification of the surface layers of the substrate while maintaining its bulk properties. The use of plasma treatment on textile fibers and fabrics is very limited, however, the limitations, plasma treatments have been used to modify surface properties of textiles. In this study, multifunctional finish was performed by corona discharge technique for surface functionalization. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis(ESCA) was used to determine the ratios of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphor at a 20$\AA$ sampling depth. K/S value and limiting oxygen index(LOI) value were used to obtain information on the effect of the finished fabrics. The mechanism of the flame retardancy was analyzed by the thermogravimetry-and the residue number. In ESCA, relative N1s intensity increased in case of mixtrure. The flame retardancy of the polyester and polyester/cotton fabrics treated with JA-6034 and JA-6050 was found to be operative mainly in the condensed phase mechanism. The multifunctional finish was better effect for the post treated finish agent.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
• /
• 2004.09a
• /
• pp.201-209
• /
• 2004

As the European Community's Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment banning lead (Pb) in electronics products will take effect on July 1, 2006, most electronics manufacturers will be commencing with volume production of Pb-free components by the middle of 2004. Electrodeposited pure tin finishes on electronic components are a leading contender to replace the industry standard tin-lead. Commensurate with this shift will be a somewhat steep learning curve as manufacturers adapt a variety of equipment and processes to contend with the issues surrounding this critical, industry-wide material conversion. Since the electrodeposited finish directly influences the critical reliability characteristics of the component itself, the nature of the Pb-free component finish must be well characterized and understood. Only through a thorough examination of the attributes of the electroplated tin deposit can critical decisions be made regarding component finish reliability. This paper investigates the properties of electrodeposited tin that may have an effect on component reliability, namely, grain structure (size and shape), oxide formation, tin whisker formation, and solderability. Data will be presented from laboratory and production settings, with the objective being to enable manufacturers to draw their own conclusions regarding previously established perceptions and misconceptions about electrodeposited tin properties.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.687-704
• /
• 2014

A great number of moment-resisting steel structures collapsed due to ductile crack initiation at welded beam-column connections, followed by explosive brittle fracture in the Kobe (Hyogoken-Nanbu) earthquake in 1995. A series of experimental and numerical studies on cracking behaviors of beam-column connections in steel bridge piers were carried out by the authors' team. This paper aims to study the effect of post weld treatment on cracking behaviors of the connections during a strong earthquake event. Experiments of three specimens with different weld finishes, i.e., as-welded, R-finish, and burr grinding, were conducted. The experimental results indicate that the instants of ductile crack initiation are greatly delayed for the specimens with R-finish and burr grinding finishes compared with the as-welded one. The strain concentration effect in the connection is also greatly reduced in the specimens with post weld treatment compared with the as-welded one, which was also verified in the tests.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.339-351
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cooperative making problems and solving problems for formative assessment at finish stage on science academic achievement and scientific attitude. This study is conducted in 51 sixth-graders of two classes. The experimental group was provided with a teaching-learning course based on cooperative making problem and solving problem at finish stage. And the control group was provided with general classes based on the contents in teacher's guidebooks. The experiment was performed with the second and third units of the sixth grade, for about two month and obtained the following results: First, students prefer to make supply-type items than multiple choices. And by the Bloom's revised taxonomy of educational objectives, students prefer to make the problem types of 'Factual Knowledge' and 'Conceptual Knowledge'. Also students prefer to make the problem types of 'Understanding' and 'Applying'. Second, cooperative problem making and solving problems at finish stage has same effect on academic achievement in comparison to teacher-driven activity. Third, the experimental group made statistically significant difference in self-efficiency, contrary to the general science classes. Especially, it turned out that a meaningful effect was discovered to a cooperativity, openness. Finally, it turned out that many students thought cooperative making problem and solving problem at finish stage gave the help approving their cooperativity and openness at the investigation of awareness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.411-411
• /
• 2000

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2007

Since cotton fabrics with ripple finish treatment form wavy furrows on the surface or bumpy patterns, air circulation during wearing is good and the fabric is cool to the touch. The finishing principle is based on the mercerization, which utilizes the fact that cotton fibers contract in a concentrated NaOH solution. In this study, as fabric specimens, cotton fabrics with yarn counts of 40's, 60's and 80's were used. Concentrations of the NaOH solutions were 15%, 25%, and 35%. After dyeing fabrics using Rubia akane nakai, color and other properties were measured. As the concentration of the NaOH solution increased, the fabric became thicker and denser, and the number of occurrence of the prominence and depression per unit length became larger. The color of the region contracted by ripple finish became darker after dyeing, while the color of the untreated region became lighter, which enhanced the cubic effect of the ripple finish. As the count of the cotton yarn increased, the dyeability became better. As the concentration of the NaOH solution increased, the air permeability became lower.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.12 s.189
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2006

In this work, optimal finish machining condition considering total time for mold or electrode manufacturing was investigated. First, manual finishing time according to the machining condition was analyzed for the work material. The effect of runout and phase shift of tool path on surface finish was also considered in those analyses. Secondly, optimal manual finishing processes were determined for various machining conditions. Finally, finish machining time and corresponding manual finishing time were taken into account for the estimation of the total time of manufacturing mold. Though small feed per tooth and pick feed reduced the manual finishing time, the finish machining time increased in such conditions. With a machining condition of feed per tooth of 0.2 mm and pick feed of 0.3 mm, the minimum total time of manufacturing mold was achieved in our machining condition.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.16-27
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chemical finishes on performance characteristics of microfiber blend fabrics. A 60% polyester microfiber /40% cotton blend woven fabric was finished by ten chemicals: three silicone softeners, one fluorochemical, and their mixtures. Performance characteristics examined were fabric hand attributes. Fabric hand was evaluated by instrumental measures using Kawabata KES-F system instruments. Silicone-only finishes did not change the bending properties significantly from those of the control fabric. The fluorochemical-only finish made the fabric stiffer and crisper. When the two chemicals were mixed they tended to offset this adversary effect. Most of the chemical finishes made the surface finer and smoother. Fluorochemical-only finish improved fabric strength. Likewise, dimethylpolysiloxane silicone improved fabric strength. Amino-functional hydrophilic and diamino-functional silicone softeners, on the other hand, reduced fabric strength. However, when mixed with the fluorochemical, the adversary effect was diminished.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.17 no.6 s.85
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2005

Conventional pad- dry-cure(thermo-fixation) process usually produces functional performance on both sides of a fabric. UV curing technique was applied to impart water- and oil-repellent finish effective only on the face of a PET knitted fabric. The preferential one-side coating, by virtue of the limited penetration of UV light, was achieved by W curing after padding of a fluorocarbon agent without special coating or printing equipments. The difference in the functional property of face and back sides was examined by measuring water and oil repellency at each side of the treated fabric. The influence of pre/post-irradiation dose and agent concentration on the performance of the finished fabrics were investigated. While increase in both resin concentration and post-irradiation did not have significant effect on the finish, UV pre-irradiation of PET fabrics caused remarkable influence presumably due to appropriate surface modification of PET fabrics required for facile wetting of the resin. The dimensional stability and color change of the UV cured fabrics measured by FAST and reflectance spectrophotometry showed significantly decreased color difference and increased percent extension compared with the samples pre-irradiated without agent application.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.208-210
• /
• 1999

A new additive for semi-brightness finish in nickel electroplating, having a quarternary ammonium salt structure, has been developed in this study. The effectiveness of the new additive was tested in laboratory-scale eletroplating tests as well as in a full-scale factory plating line. An examination of the plated surface showed that the new additive is as good as the one produced by the most commonly used additive in the nickel plating industry. The plated surface was examined by SEM, EPMA, and Reflectance Spectroscopy, and was found to be compatible to the one obtained with commercial additives. The new additive has a shelf life comparable with those of other commercially available additives. The additive developed in this study has an excellent potential to be used commercially.