• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 1998

Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) has been used effectively as the initial modality in evaluating various thyroid lesions. We correlated cytologic and histopathologic features to investigate the diagnostic pitfalls of FNAC of the thyroid. A total of 1,593 FNACs of the thyroid were diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Hospital, from January 1993 to December 1997 There were 963 cytologically benign cases(60.5%), 97 suspicious cases(6.1%), and 75 malignant cases(4.71%). The remaining 458 cases(28.8%) were unsatisfactory. Subsequent surgical resection was done in 192 cases. Seventy-two cases(37.5%) were cytologically diagnosed as benign, 45 cases(23.4%) suspicious, 56 cases(29.2%) malignant, and 19 cases(9.9%) unsatisfactory. Histopathologically, 101 cases were benign(11 thyroidites, 52 adenomatous hyperplasias, 34 follicular adenomas, and four Hurthle cell adenomas), and 91 cases malignant(72 papillary carcinomas, 16 follicular carcinomas, one medullary carcinoma, one anaplastic carcinoma, and one granular cell tumor). After excluding 19 unsatisfactory cases, 63 were misdiagnosed. They included 17 benign(three thyroidites and 14 adenomatous hyperplasias), 27 suspicious(10 follicular adenomas, four Hurthle cell adenomas, and seven follicular carcinomas), and 19 malignant(16 papillary carcinoma, one medullary carcinoma, one anaplastic carcinoma. and one granular cell tumor) lesions. The accuracy rates in the benign, suspicious, and malignant categories were 54.9%, 49.8%, & 92.8%, respectively. The cytological pitfalls were as follows: (1) background, (2) crowded follicular cell clusters indistinguishable between follicular neoplasia and adenomatous hyperplasia, (3) papillary structure, irregular nuclear membrane and pleomorphism mimicking those of papillary carcinoma, (4) indistinct eosinophilia in follicular epithelial cells, (5) unusual cellular components not commonly seen in FNACS of the thyroid.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 1998

Glycogen-rich clear ceil carcinoma of the breast is an unusual variant of carcinoma with a recorded incidence of $1.4{\sim}3%$ of breast carcinomas. The cytologic characteristics have not been well described. We report two cases of glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma with corresponding fine needle aspiration(FNA) cytologic findings and compare them to infiltrating ductal carcinoma and other clear ceil malignancies with a review of literature. One was a 62-year-old woman exhibiting a palpable mass of the right breast. The smears showed atypical tight cell clusters and individually scattered single cells containing leanly or clear abundant cytoplasm with well defined cytoplasmic margins. Mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and a prominent nucleolus were present. The other was a 42-year-old woman who was admitted with a right breast mass. The smears showed moderately cellular, tightly cohesive tumor cells. The cytoplasmic outline was generally well demarcated. The tumor cells Contained foamy to clear abundant cytoplasm with large and small vacuoles. The nuclear pleomorphism was marked. Both tumors resected by modified radical mastectomy, were diagnosed as glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma. Histologically, the clear cell nature of tumor cells were not characteristic enough to predict this type of the tumor. Some cytologic features can be distinguished other clear cell breast cancer from glycogen-rich carcinoma. Recognition of these unusual patterns in a breast FNAC should raise the suspicion of a clear cell carcinoma including glycogen-rich subtype. Cytological localization of glycogen using PAS and D-PAS staining may permit the correct Identification and differential diagnosis of this tumor.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2002

Background and Objectives: Recently the tenn 'papillary microcarcinoma' has been proposed to designate carcinoma of 10 mm or less in diameter. In some cases, cervical lymph node metastasis preceding the occurrence of the primary tumor may be the first and sole manifestation of the disease. The objective of this study is to assess the clinical features of cervical metastasis in papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid glands. Materials and Methods: 9 cases with papillary microcarcinoma with neck metastasis were analyzed retrospectively. 5 cases are men and 4 are women. All patients complained of painless, movable neck mass. The symptom had been present from 1 month to 36 months. We reviewed clinical history, imaging studies, the results of fine needle aspiration, the surgical method, the pathologic results. Results: In 9 cases, no abnormalities of the thyroid gland were shown by imaging studies and thyroid scan. 3 cases were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. the others were not. Total thyroidectomy and neck dissection were performed in 9 cases and then pathology reports showed 2 case of multiple, 2 case of contralateral single and 5 cases of unilateral single thyroid microcarcinoma. They have no recurrence during follow-up period. Conclusions: Cervical metastasis from papillary microcarcinoma is variable clinical manifestation. The diagnosis of cervical metastasis from papillary microcarcinoma should be considered in patient with neck mass. We recommend total thyroidectomy with neck dissection and postoperative radioactive iodine ablation therapy in neck metastasis from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.305-310
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• 2016

Recently as the ultrasonography became generalized, the annual change rate of the incidence of thyroid cancer extraordinarily grew to 24.5% in Korea. Therefore, the aim of this study was performed to identify the risk factors of thyroid cancer apart from conventional risk factors of dietary iodine and ionizing radiation. In this retrospective study, 411 patients underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy were examined from January 2011 to March 2013. The subjects are divided into two groups which are 260 patients with benign nodule and 151 patients with malignancy nodule. We compared age, hematologic values, body mass index, waist circumference, menopausal status, breast nodules status, uterine myoma status, fatty liver status of targeted group of patients. According to the result, in thyroid cancer group with obesity, the number of case of breast nodules and myoma was higher, and their thyroid stimulating hormone values was higher than the benign nodule group. In order to establish factors influencing thyroid and thyroid cancer, there is a definite need for continuous study.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.339-347
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• 1996

Background : Transthoracic fine needle aspiration and biopsy(TNAB) has become a frequently used technique in the investigation of the intrathoracic lesions because of its safety, reliability, and accuracy. Method : Data on 125 patients who underwent TNAB from 1990 through 1994 were studied to determine the diagnostic sensitivity, accuracy and complications of this procedure as related to lesion type and location. Results : 1. The over-all diagnostic sensitivity of TNAB was 61.6%(77 of 125 patients). 2. The diagnostic yields were as high as 89.9% for malignant lesions, but a specific diagnosis of benign lesions were obtained only in 30% of benign lung lesions. 3. The correlation between results of TNAB cytology and of final histology was as high as 88.2%. 4. Lung lesions that were greater than 3cm in size had a higher proportion of correct diagnosis(73.3%) as compared with lesions 3cm or less in size(38.1%). But there was no significant difference between the central and peripheral lung lesions. 5. There were no serious complications to TNAB. In 12.8% of the procedures a pneumothorax developed, indicating a chest tube in 1.6% of the procedures. In 2 cases, minimal hemoptysis developed which did not require treatment. Conclusion : In our experience, TNAB represents a minor and safe procedure, which permits a direct approach to localized malignant lung lesions with a high degree of accuracy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.419-422
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• 2014

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common presentation in both benign and malignant diseases which need to be diagnosed without delay. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) helps us diagnose a disease and follow its course, including the response to therapy. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features of metastatic lymphadenopathy and the diagnostic utility of FNAC in our setting. Materials and Methods: This two-year prospective study included all the patients with metastatic lymphadenopathy, diagnosed with FNAC. Results: A total of 412 cases (male:female ratio, 1.3:1; age range, 3 to 90 years) were studied. Supraclavicular lymph nodes were involved most commonly (50.5%). The commonest metastatic tumor was squamous cell carcinoma in general (30.1%) and in males (37.6%), and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (25.3%) in females. Lung, with 64 (15.5%) cases followed by esophagus, 60 (14.6%) cases; breast, 49 (11.9%) cases; skin, 32 (7.8%) cases; and stomach, 25 (6.1%) cases were the most common primary sites of malignancy. In 69 patients, excision biopsy was performed. Histopathological findings correlated well with that of cytology in all these cases. Conclusions: FNAC is an important tool in the diagnostic work up of metastatic lymphadenopathy, which in the hands of an experienced and skilful cytopathologist can avoid the need for excision biopsy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4359-4363
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• 2013

Background: Pediatric lymphadenopathy is a challenging medical situation for the child patient, the parents, and the physician. Although the bulk of masses will be benign the fear of malignancy is omnipresent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the common cytopathological patterns of lymphadenopathy among Sudanese children. Methods: One hundred pediatric patients presenting with peripheral lymphadenopathy were included in the study, their ages ranging from 2 to 14 years, with a mean age of 7 years. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and FNA materials were prospectively obtained. Results: FNA was performed in 100 cases (100%). There were no technical complications. All cases confirmed adequacy of specimen. Overall, FNA demonstrated 90 (90%) benign lesions and 10 (10%) malignant diagnosis. The benign lesions were reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (n=64), followed by benign granulomatous disease (n=26). Of the 10 cases diagnosed with malignancy, 7 (7%) were cases of non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma and the remaining 3 (3%) were Hodgkin's lymphomas. Conclusion: Pediatric lymphadenopathy is common in Sudan. CLA is the common frequent site. Lymphoma represents a major challenge in this setting.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 1997

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma(SNUC) is a distinct, relatively rare neoplasm arising in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses composed of undifferentiated epithelial cells and clinically characterized by a fulminant course. We report a case of SNUC in a 56-year old man who have had bilateral neck masses since one month ago before coming to our hospital. The paranasal computed tomography showed soft mass density in the left maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity with bone destruction in the anterior medial and the inferior maxillary sinus wall. This mass was extruded into the left orbital wall. Biopsy of the nasal mass and fine needle aspiration(FNA) of the neck mass were done. FNA revealed medium-sized neoplastic cells forming clusters or individually dispersed. Nuclei were round to oval, slightly to moderately pleomorphic, and hyperchromatic. Chromatin was finely granular, but occasionally was coarsely granular. Nucleoli varied from large to inconspicuous and the cytoplasm was scanty.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.112-114
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• 1996

Localized fibrous tumor of the pleura (LFTP) is of submesothelial fibrous origin, which has been called pleural fibroma and has been confused with mesothelioma. We experienced a case of LFTP in a twenty nine year old man. The tumor arose from the right parietal pleura with long stalk. Chest X-ray and CT scan showed a 6$\times$5$\times$4cm well-defined mass in the right costophrenic angle. Wo evidence of metastasis was noted. Exploratory thoracotomy with enbloc excision of 6$\times$5$\times$4cm mass was done. The fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathologic features indicated the tumor to be malignant, and biologic behavior was discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.146-149
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• 1993

Warthin's tumor is a benign salivary gland tumor, occurring primarily in the parotid gland. It's incidence is 4% of all salivary gland tumors. The cytologic finding of Warthin's tumor is characteristic and it consists of sheets of oncocytes and scattered lymphocytes in the background of granular material. We reports three cases of Warthin's tumor showing characteristic cytologic findings. The patients consisted of two males and a female and their ages were 60, 73, and 69 years, respectively. All the lesions were in the parotid gland. The cytologic findings showed sheets of oncocytic epithelial cells and scattered lymphocytes in the back-ground of granular materials and many red blood cells. In one case, the back-ground was composed of many Inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages.