• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.197-201
• /
• 2003

In this study, Ni-P layers were electroplated on the surface of stainless steel in order to investigate the effects of an additive and agitation on their mechanical properties and microstructure. The concentration of the additive in the plating solution increased, the pores formed in the layer decreased, while the residual stress developed in the layers during electroplating increased. Agitation of the solution during electroplating was observed to force to increase local pores in the layer, which lowers its tensile properties. Grain growth was suppressed due to very fine $Ni_3P$ precipitates formed at its grain boundaries during heat treatment at $343^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr in air.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2016

The microstructure and magnetic properties of HDDR-treated powders after grain boundary diffusion process (GBDP) with Nd-Cu alloy at different temperatures have been studied. The variation of GBDP temperature had multifaceted influences on the HDDR-treated powders involving the microstructure, phase composition and magnetic performance. An enhanced coercivity of 16.9 kOe was obtained after GBDP at $700^{\circ}C$, due to the modified grain boundary with fine and continuous Nd-rich phase. However, GBDP at lower or higher temperature resulted in poor magnetic properties because of insufficient microstructural modification. Especially, the residual hydrogen induced phenomenon during GBDP strongly depended on the GBDP temperature.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2000

Mechanically-alloyed NiAl powder and ball-milled (Ni+Al) powder mixture were sintered by spark-plasma sintering(SPS) process. Mechanical alloying was performed in a horizontal attritor for 20 h with rotation speed of 600 rpm. (Ni+Al) powder mixtures were prepared by ball milling for 1 and 10 h with 120 rpm. Both powders were sintered at $1150^{\circ}C$ for 5 min under $10^{-3}$ torr vacuum with 50 MPa die pressure in a SPS facility. Sintered densities of 97% and 99% were obtained from mechanically-alloyed NiAl powder and (Ni+Al) powder mixture, respectively. The sintered compact of (Ni+Al) powder mixture showed large grain size by a very rapid grain growth, while the grain size of mechanically-alloyed NiAl powder compact after sintering was extremely fine(80 nm). The difference in densification behavior of both powders were discussed.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.505-513
• /
• 2020

Grading of aggregate influences significantly almost all of the concrete performances. The purpose of this paper is to propose practicable equations that express the optimized total aggregate gradation, by weight or by number of particles in a concrete mix. The principle is based on the fractal feature of the grading of combined aggregate in a solid skeleton of concrete. Therefore, equations are derived based on the so-called fractal dimension of the grain size distribution of aggregates. Obtained model was then applied in such a way a correlation between some properties of the dry concrete mix and the fractal dimension of the aggregate gradation has been built. This demonstrates that the parameter fractal dimension is an efficacious tool to establish a unified model to study the solid phase of concrete in order to design aggregate gradation to meet certain requirements or even to predict some characteristics of the dry concrete mixture.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국문화재보존과학회 2003년도 제18회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2003

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.279-287
• /
• 1970

An an element vanadium is most effective and next is noibium to strengthening the low carbon steels by small addition both on fine precipitation and five grain. The combination effect of vanadium plus niobium or vanadium plus molybdenum is much more effective than adding on element.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 전력전자학회 2000년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.685-688
• /
• 2000

Pulse plating is about to deposit material at high current density compared to conventional DC plating. For example pulse plating can get more fine grain can improve adhension and metal distribution and current efficiency can reduce internal stress and crack. therefore we studied pulsed power supply which has high current density and improve deposition quality and increase plating speed in this paper.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2005

Thermal stability and dry sliding wear behavior of ultra-fine grained 6061 Al alloy fabricated by an accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process have been investigated. After 4 ARB cycles, an ultra-fine grained microstructure of the 6061 Al alloy composed of grains with average size of 500nm, and separated mostly by high-angle boundaries was obtained. Though hardness and tensile strength of the ARB processed Al alloy increased with ARB cycles up to 4 cycles, the processed alloy exhibited decreased ductility and little strain hardening. Thermal stability of the ARB-processed microstructure was studied by annealing of the severely deformed alloy at $423K{\sim}573K$. The refined microstructure of the alloy remained stable up to 473K, and the peak aging treatment of the alloy at 450K for 8 hrs increased the thermal stability of the alloy. Sliding-wear rates of the alloy increased with the number of ARB cycles in spite of the increased hardness with the cycles. Wear mechanisms of the ultra-fine grained alloy were investigated by examining worn surfaces, wear debris, and cross-sections by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• 레미콘
• /
• 10호통권69호
• /
• pp.2-11
• /
• 2001

This paper describes the feasiblity of recycling sewage dredged soils as fine affrefate. This paper describes the feasibility of recycling sewage dredged soils as fine aggregate. The specific gravity of the dredged soils was smaller than that of sand due to the effect of dredged sludge. However, the grain size distribution of the dredged soils is relative well graded, and the results of the heavy metal concentration from the leaching test of the dredged soils was significantly lower than the requirements of the allowable criteria. Therefore, the effect of recycling of dredged soils on environment the as fine aggregate was negligible. Also, the specific gravity of the dredged and washed soils was similar to that of sand, and the dredged and washed soils for the most part showed lower heavy metal leaching characteristics than those of dredged soils, Also, the results of the study for evaluation the recycling feasibility of dredged and washed soils as fine affrefate. The organic impurity content of the dredged and washed soils was lower than the requirements of the Korean industrial Standards, and the mortar compressive strength using the washdredged soils also met those of the Korean industrial Standards. And, the strengths of the dredged and washed soils were over 95% of those of the NaOH-treated samples. Therefore, it is expected that the dredged soils will be able to be an alternative for fine aggregate.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.459-467
• /
• 2006

최근 하천골재의 부존량 감소와 건설수요의 증가로 양질의 모래가 고갈되었고, 바닷모래와 같이 자연상태에서 얻을 수 있는 골재도 그 품질이 저급화되면서 골재의 품질에 대한 관심을 갖게 되었다. 따라서 잔골재를 바닷모래에만 지나치게 의존하고 있는 공급원의 편중을 다양화할 필요가 있으며, 바닷모래를 대체할 수 있는 골재원을 하루빨리 발굴할 필요가 있다. 한편 국내 건설현장에는 다양한 잔골재가 콘크리트에 사용되고 있으나, 이런 잔골재가 콘크리트에 미치는 영향에 대해 체계적으로 검토한 연구가 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근 국내 건설현장에서 비교적 많이 사용되고 있는 잔골재가 콘크리트의 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토할 목적으로 잔골재 종류가 굳지 않은 콘크리트의 물성 및 경화된 콘크리트의 강도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 부순모래는 바닷모래 및 강모래와 같은 천연골재에 비해 콘크리트의 유동성과 공기 연행성을 저하시키거나 블리딩을 증가시키고, 특히 입도 입형이 불량한 부순모래를 사용한 경우에는 더욱 콘크리트의 물성이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 W/C 55%, 45%에서 잔골재 종류가 강도에 미치는 영향은 거의 없으나, W/C 35%에서 부순모래는 천연골재에 비해 강도를 저하시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 입도 입형이 불량한 부순모래를 천연골재와 혼합하여 사용하는 경우에는 굳지 않은 콘크리트의 특성을 향상시키며, 강도에도 나쁜 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.