• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.87-112
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• 2017

Overlap what images are laid on top of each other performs various purposes of artistic expressions. Especially, overlap to describe motion has been placed on lots of art fields analysing and connecting each part of motion. This kind of overlap is called as 'Locomotive overlap' and it is defined as 'Technique for multiplication to arrange simultaneously motions of single object on one screen'. Locomotive overlap was started from fine art and photography, so this static kind of it is classified as 'Static locomotive overlap'. Afterwards, film and animation succeeded static locomotion overlap and realized real dynamic locomotive overlap with moving images, so this dynamic kind of it is classified as 'Dynamic locomotive overlap'. Most of all, by Norman McLaren accomplished its own artistic value and aesthetics in locomotive overlap has been placed in the center of the history of locomotive overlap, so to analyze this work and to research before and after it will confirm context and artistic achievements of locomotive overlap. Nowdays locomotive overlap is extending its technology and dimension more and more on the strength of development of digital technology. Some of works using digital technology show new possibilities of locomotive overlap by reinterpreting original media and concept of . Ultimately, this research for locomotive overlap focusing on the analysis of confirms artistic achievements of locomotive overlap and suggests to contemplate the meaning and new possibilities of it.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.5
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• pp.197-215
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• 2007

Yangbanxi("model plays") symbolize the Cultural Revolution(1966~1976) in China. The Eight Model Revolutionary Works include five Chinese Modern Peking Operas, namely, Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy(智取威虎山), Harbor(海港), Shaijabang(沙家浜), The Red Lantern(紅燈記), and Raid on the White Tiger Regiment ; (奇襲白虎團), ballets such as The Red Detachment of Women(紅色娘子軍) and The White-Haired Girl(白毛女) ; and a symphony: Shajiabang(沙家浜). On April 24, 1967, Chinese leaders, including Mao Zedong, saw a performance of The White-Haired Girl. Yanbanxi was performed in Beijing between May 24 and June 15 the same year. The Red Lantern was designated as a work for the proletarian classes by Jiang Qing(Mao Zedong's third wife and the most influential woman in China) and spread nationwide. It was also made into a film to be enjoyed by many people. The modern Chinese operas went a long way in their creation of visual images of revolutionary heroes. The Red Lantern, in particular, came to be regarded as the most representative revolutionary opera. In the course of such a process, Jiang Qing used Yangbanxi as a political tool for compelling the people to worship and pledge their allegiance to Mao in an effort to turn the Cultural Revolution into a class struggle on behalf of her husband. During the Cultural Revolution period, artists were made to associate with workers, farmers and soldiers based on the idea of advocating revolutionary arts for the proletarian classes. The characters in The Rend Lantern were portrayed as heroes from the proletarian classes according to the demands of the era. Chinese leaders set forth the principles of artistic expression, stressing three important factors: politics, heroes, and heroic acts, which were to be applied to all the visual arts, including Yangbanxi. This paper attempts to present a new view of fine arts during the Cultural Revolution in China by focusing on the productive significance of a leading style of a specific era in the past. To that end, this paper sheds light on products made in conformance with political instructions, stressing the importance of revolutionary heroes in The Red Lantern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.44
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• pp.3-31
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• 2021

To verify the types of effects that plants have in our general living conditions, I examined an air quality in living rooms of the three, 129.78m² size, apartments that were with and without plants. and the findings of the study were as addressed below. 1) Experiments showed no statistically significant differences in Case A. However, in Case B and Case C, the standard deviation of PM10, PM2.5 and PM 1.0 verified that each had statistically significant (p<.01) differences. 2) It is believed that the effect of reducing particle matters due to the installation of plants in the indoor space is to vary significantly depending on the indoor environmental conditions, the cleanliness of the room, and the amount of furniture and may also differ depending on the daily dietary cooking method. In addition, it is believed that the planterior will not only reduce indoor fine dust, but also reduce the psychological comfort and eye fatigue of the residents. Nevertheless, supplementary research is needed. 3) In the planterior design for reducing indoor particle matters, various measures were examined. Among them, the vertical wall design method was tested and suggested through empirical experiments. In addition, maintenance methods were proposed depending on the type of indoor plant.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.67-72
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• 2019

Animation is a comprehensive audio-visual art, animation literature, painting, music, architecture, photography and other art forms are integrated. China's animation industry has made some achievements in the new century, but on the whole, with the globalization of China, China's animation industry has been influenced by Japan and the United States. China has a history and culture of five thousand years, with profound social deposits and cultural foundation. Of the four ancient civilizations in the world, the Chinese civilization is the only one that has survived. China has too many stories to tell. From the development history of Chinese and foreign animation, we can see that many Chinese traditional cultural elements are used for reference. Since the 1980s, Chinese animation has been on the road of national revival. Chinese animation has begun to draw close to traditional culture in terms of themes, characters and scenes, and integrate Chinese traditional cultural elements. The theme of big fish and begonia is to repay kindness by sacrificing one's own life for the sake of justice and friendship. This fearless spirit of sacrificing one's life for justice is the concentrated embodiment of the fine qualities of the Chinese nation over the past several thousand years. Kun to save chun and give up his life, chun in order to repay rather give up half of his life, and qiushui in order to help their beloved, also would rather give up all of their own. These three protagonists are very distinctive personality characteristics, are to "righteousness" and give up their most precious things. At the same time, big fish and begonia combines many traditional Chinese cultural elements to form an animated film with Chinese characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

This study assumed two key parameters that describe smoothness. Previously, the number of studies that defined smoothness with the concept of curvature has been limited. The parameters were the two physical characteristics of curvature: the number of waves and the amplitude of them. The purpose of the study was to observe which of the two parameters influences the perception of smoothness and to examine the relationship between the sense of aesthetic beauty and smoothness. The visual stimuli used in the study were transformed three-dimensional spheres, based on the combination of the three levels of the two parameters of nine distinct conditions. We analyzed the three responses that measured the preference of each visual stimuli, the familiarity score, and the smoothness evaluation score, each with the linear mixed model whose fixed effects were the two parameters and random effects were the participants' individual differences. Nearly the eighty percent of the variance of the smoothness evaluation score was explained by the linear model with the two key parameters and their interaction. The physical characteristics of a viewed object were far more significant than individual differences such as personality factors and the manner of art appreciation. In conclusion, the study examined the perception of smoothness based on the change of the physical characteristics of a shape. The study further recognized the relationship between smoothness and the aesthetic preference. No significant influence of the participants' individual difference such as gender, the degree in fine arts, personality factors, and the manner of art appreciation was observed. The amplitude of waves, rather than the number of them, was far more significant to the perception of smoothness.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.387-410
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to approach to the internal meanings included in the Happening and the culture of hippies, by analysing the basic mental conditions in the process of the Happening. And this study was composed of the concept and the development of Happening, the characteristics of the hippies that related in the midst of the happening's background, and the formativeness between these factors and hippies'fashion. Since the happening a genre of fine arts expression attended the New School for social research in New York in 1954, Allan Kaprow direct-influenced by John Cage used the word 'Hapening'first, practicing '18 Happenings in 6 parts'at the Rueben gallery in 1959. Kaprow's 18 Happenings was one of the earliest opportunities for a wider public to attend the live events that several artists had performed more privately for various friends. Despite the very different sensibilities and structures of artist's works, artists were all thrown together by the press under the general heading of 'Happening', following Kaprow's 18 Happenings. Being considered as the root of the Happening 'Expression of Sound'of John Cage was the discovery of the exisiting thing- the Happening. Most artists were to be deeply influenced by Cage's theories and attitudes-that is, his sympathy for Zen Buddihism and oriental philosophy-and by reports of the Black Mountain events. These events would directly reflect contemporary painting and stemmed from the Futurists, Dadaists and Surrealists. And Happening's development background was based on the culture of hippies. Swinging London had been under the sway of psychedelic drugs and utopian visions of 'hippie'wave sweeping in from Califonia. This wave, which affected solid middle-class youth first and formost, began in Haight Ashbury in San Francisco. Without dwelling on the hippie movement here, it is worth nothing that it resulted from the convergence of several undercurrents : consciousness-expending drugs, the anti-Vietnam war developments, the impact of English pop groups on American music and the rise of protest songs, and finally the beatnik tradition of non-conformism. Hippie culture and its pursuit of love, peace and psychedelia was the antitheses of 1960s main street fashion. The media gave everyone with long hair the label of 'hippie', but it was always a very loose collage of attitudes and styles. The rejection of sexual taboos was conveyed by the hippie's refusal to wear. Although the bold exposure of body raised controversies because it went against the existing moral values, it has a significant implications. Psychedelics brought mind-expansion and the possibillity that modern technology (light show, synthesized electronic sounds), new fabrics or colors, and LSD could be utilized to provide an escape route from the dreariness of modern life. During the 1960s, traditional costumes, many of which had never been seen outside their native regions, became sought after and adopted in the West, initially by the young, who wanted to demonstrate their solidarity with cultures uncontaminated by mass industry. The most ardent proponents of such folk costumes were the hippies. Hippies dress was sometimes decribed as 'anti-fashion', produced by a patchwork of ragged cast-offs and flamboyant accessories, of outmoded Western dress and time-honored ethnic garments all combined, modified and permutated into variety of personal statements. 'Flower Power'became a reality. From the results of this study, we can see the expanding trend of the influence and the concept of the sew art genre 'Happening'in the formativeness as well as the fine arts field.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.8
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

The Department of Fine Art requested the conservation science team to examine the technique of painting with gold powder on the gold painted porcelains, which were made in Korea and China, among the items possessed by National Museum of Korea in order to publish it in the research paper collection of the Exchange Exhibition of Korea and China Porcelains. Among the items possessed by National Museum of Korea, such items were included as, an item of Koryo inlaid celadon (No. Gaesung 106), called the celadon with inlaid work (Korean name: Cheongjasanggam suhawonmun geumchaepyunho), which was decorated in the layer of glaze using gold power, an items of tea cup called "Temmku da wan" (No. Bongwan 10011), which was manufactured in the time of Song dynasty of Chinese history, an items of gold cup called "Siyuchohwamun hwageumwan" (No. Bongwan 2027), and an items of a porcelain called "Siyuwan" (No. Duksoo 3322). As the result of the examination, the stabilizing method of baking the decorated porcelains is similar, after they are painted with the pigment mixed with fine gold powder and the glaze solvent, but the treatment method of the colors is a little different among them. In other words, there is a big difference between them, for example, in the case of Koryo celadon, because the gold coloring was painted carefully one by one on the splendid decorations of inlaid works, while in the case of Chinese porcelains, butterflies or arabesque designs are decorated on the layer of the glaze in the porcelains of no decoration, using the stencil skill. According to the result of this examination, the part of the porcelain, whose layer of gold color was peeled off, could be restored, and as the result of the restoration, it was confirmed how beautiful and splendid the gold porcelain had been at the time of being manufactured.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.29
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• pp.153-162
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• 2023

Clay figure of Baekje, produced by forming and molding various shapes using clay, are mainly excavated from temple sites and provide essential information for studying the Buddhist art of Baekje. Research on clay figures of Baekje primarily focuses on the characteristics of Baekje-era temples in which such figures are excavated, as well as the role and production techniques of clay figures, by comparing regional and morphological characteristics. In particular, research on the manufacturing method of clay figures is mainly carried out by visual observation, whereas precise scientific analysis is required to understand production techniques and characteristics of raw materials in greater detail. In this study, to confirm such production techniques and material characteristics, computed tomography (CT) scans were conducted on the Clay Bodhisattva excavated from the Neungsan-ri Temple site in Buyeo. As a result, it was found that the Clay Bodhisattva was made using a cylindrical core of fine clay, tied together with several thin branches or reeds with straws. The clay used in the figure bore traces indicating the presence of herbaceous plants, which increase adhesion between clay and prevent cracks in the contraction process. On the other hand, the density of the fine clay differs on the inside and outside of the clay figure. Based on this, it is presumed that the clay was applied around the cylindrical core to shape the Clay Bodhisattva. The clay was reapplied on top of the figure to express the detailed shape and pattern.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.183-192
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• 2014

This study aims to empirically investigate how personalized and socialized mobile media impacts on users' acceptance of mobile advertising, given the consideration of users' mobile possession attachment. For this, the current study used focus group interview and surveyed mobile users. Interestingly, the findings reveal that personalized and socialized mobile characteristicssignificantly affect users' acceptance of mobile ads. That is to say, users' personalized mobile characteristics play an important role in either awareness of mobile ads or exposure to mobile ads.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.60-69
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• 2013

Timber is an eco-friendly material that is suitable for low carbon and green growth, and recently, studies on utilization and manufacture of timber are increasing. Thus, we need a stable supply of wood working materials for the formative element and widespread function of timber. It is necessary to develop the use of timber because it enhances the added value of this material by making the most of it. In this way, skin-timber is an appropriate material for life articles because skin-timber has a variety of functions including the ability for storage use, the beauty of structure, the ability to maintain heat and insulation, and the capability to control humidity. In this study, I developed household items using skin-timbers that are made up of circular columns and square columns of pine, larch, and yellow popular. The circular and square columns have an inner hole that is approximately 90% of the external structure's width. I intended for the concept of these designs to display creativity considering functionality and productivity. These items are life articles and furniture for modern people. They are eco-friendly products that are varnished with traditional lacquer and natural oil. According to the result of this study, skin-timbers are made of domestic pine, larch, and yellow popular and are resource of furniture, household items, and woodcraft. I believe skin-timber is not only a useful material for processability and design applicability, but it also has the capability to be a multifunctional and high value-added material. Also, if the standards, such as cortex thickness, outside diameter, and length, of skin-timber are producted diversely, I believe skin-timber can be have more the possibility of industrial products' development.