• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2014

Purpose - This study investigates the following two issues. First, we attempt to find the important determinants of housing investment and to identify their significance rank using survey panel data. Recently, the expansion of global uncertainty in the real estate market has directly and indirectly influenced the Korean housing market; households demonstrate a sensitive reaction to changes in that market. Therefore, this study aims to draw conclusions from understanding how the impact of financial strength of the household is related to house investment. Second, we attempt to verify the effectiveness of diverse indices of financial strength such as DTI, LTV, and PIR as measures to monitor the housing market. In the continuous housing market recession after the global crisis, the government places top priority on residence stability. However, the government still imposes forceful restraints on indices of financial strength. We believe this study verifies the utility of these regulations when used in the housing market. Research design, data, and methodology - The data source for this study is the "National Survey of Tax and Benefit" from 2007 (1st) to 2011 (5th) by the Korea Institute of Public Finance. Based on this survey data, we use panel data of 3,838 households that have been surveyed continuously for 5 years. We sort the base variables according to relevance of house investment criteria using the decision tree model (DTM), which is the standard decision-making model for data-mining techniques. The DTM method is known as a powerful methodology to identify contributory variables for predictive power. In addition, we analyze how important explanatory variables and the financial strength index of households affect housing investment with the binary logistic multi-regressive model. Based on the analyses, we conclude that the financial strength index has a significant role in house investment demand. Results - The results of this research are as follows: 1) The determinants of housing investment are age, consumption expenditures, income, total assets, rent deposit, housing price, habits satisfaction, housing scale, number of household members, and debt related to housing. 2) The impact power of these determinants has changed more or less annually due to economic situations and housing market conditions. The level of consumption expenditure and income are the main determinants before 2009; however, the determinants of housing investment changed to indices of the financial strength of households, i.e., DTI, LTV, and PIR, after 2009. 3) Most of all, since 2009, housing loans has been a more important variable than the level of consumption in making housing market decisions. Conclusions - The results of this research show that sound financing of households has a stronger effect on housing investment than reduced consumption expenditures. At the same time, the key indices that must be monitored by the government under economic emergency conditions differ from those requiring monitoring under normal market conditions; therefore, political indices to encourage and promote the housing market must be divided based on market conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.717-726
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to assess the financial strength of general insurers by using A.M. Best's rating technique focusing on quantitative standards. A quantitative evaluation of fifteen larger general insurers' financial strength and operating performance relative to the Best's top group is carried out. The quantitative evaluation is done in 5 key areas; growth, efficiency, profitability, safety and liquidity. The results show that there is a big gap between domestic large insurers and American insures in all areas except stable growth of operations. Therefore, domestic insurers have to strive to strengthen financial soundness through profitability and should increase the capacity to retain more commercial business and reinsurance in order to become global players.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.41-57
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• 2009

Although financial information is a great influence upon determining of the group which use them, detection of management fraud and earning manipulation is a difficult task using normal audit procedures and corporate credit evaluation processes, due to the shortage of knowledge concerning the characteristics of management fraud, and the limitation of time and cost. These limitations suggest the need of systemic process for !he effective risk of earning manipulation for credit evaluators, external auditors, financial analysts, and regulators. Moot researches on management fraud have examined how various characteristics of the company's management features affect the occurrence of corporate fraud. This study examines financial characteristics of companies engaged in fraudulent financial reporting and suggests a model and system for detecting GAAP violations to improve reliability of accounting information and transparency of their management. Since the detection of management fraud has limited proven theory, this study used the detecting method of outlier(upper, and lower bound) financial ratio, as a real-field application. The strength of outlier detecting method is its use of easiness and understandability. In the suggested model, 14 variables of the 7 useful variable categories among the 76 financial ratio variables are examined through the distribution analysis as possible indicators of fraudulent financial statements accounts. The developed model from these variables show a 80.82% of hit ratio for the holdout sample. This model was developed as a financial outlier detecting system for a financial institution. External auditors, financial analysts, regulators, and other users of financial statements might use this model to pre-screen potential earnings manipulators in the credit evaluation system. Especially, this model will be helpful for the loan evaluators of financial institutes to decide more objective and effective credit ratings and to improve the quality of financial statements.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

As the inventory of aged apartments is expected to increase explosively, the importance of maintenance to improve the durability of concrete facilities is increasing. Concrete compressive strength is a representative index of durability of concrete facilities, and is an important item in the precision safety diagnosis for facility maintenance. However, existing methods for measuring the concrete compressive strength and determining the maintenance of concrete facilities have limitations such as facility safety problem, high cost problem, and low reliability problem. In this study, we proposed a model that can predict the concrete compressive strength through images by using deep convolution neural network technique. Learning, validation and testing were conducted by applying the concrete compressive strength dataset constructed through the concrete specimen which is produced in the laboratory environment. As a result, it was found that the concrete compressive strength could be learned by using the images, and the validity of the proposed model was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.211-228
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• 1997

The purposes of this article were to find the general trends of single mothers and their children's stress family resources and coping to estimate the correlation among variables and to analyze the effects of related variables family resources influencing coping and stress. The data were analyzed from the 566 single mothers and their children living in Kwang-ju. The major findings were as follow; 1. Scores of single mothers' and their children's stress family resources were lower than median. But scores of single mothers' coping were higher than median. Their problem-solving coping were higher than emotional coping. 2. Widowed single mothers' stress were related to family resources and emotional coping. Divorced single mothers' stress were related to emotional coping. Children's stress were related to emotional coping. Single mother's stress coping were related to stress of children. 3. Single mothers' coping were influenced by financial well-being family strength I and family strength II. Children's coping were influenced by number of friend. Single mothers' stress were influenced by education financial well-being. Children's stress were influenced by their mothers' education friendship satisfaction and school achievement satisfaction.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.25-39
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• 2024

Because small and medium-sized businesses lack capabilities and resources, they must effectively procure, share, and utilize scarce resources from outside, and as a result, the importance of networks with external organizations is gradually increasing. In this study, we verified the influence of small and medium-sized enterprises' network capabilities and network characteristics on market performance and financial performance. As a result of testing the hypothesis through a structural equation model, network capabilities were found to have a significant partial impact on financial performance, and all sub-factors of network characteristics such as strength, size, and diversity were found to affect financial performance. Additionally, network capabilities and network characteristics were found to have a significant partial effect on market performance. Market performance was found to have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between network capabilities and financial performance, and a partial mediating effect in the relationship between network characteristics and financial performance. Unlike previous studies, this study simultaneously analyzed the impact of two factors, network capabilities and network characteristics, on corporate performance and presented a new research perspective by analyzing the mediating effect of market performance, which is recognized as a leading factor in financial performance.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1-20
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• 2008

This study investigates the influences of factors such as type and degree of family leisure among parents with five day work weeks on adolescents' perceived family strengths. Its findings are based on questionnaires collected from 525 male and female parents of middle school students. Factor analysis and MANOVA were employed for data analysis and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ tests for post-hoc analysis. The main findings were as follows. First, adolescents whose parents work five days a week were at a higher level than other adolescents in terms of finances, family ties, communication, and social ties. Second, there were no significant differences concerning adolescents' family strength by type of family leisure. Third, adolescents with more family leisure activities scored higher than others in the areas of manageable strengths, financial levels, family ties, communication, and family social ties. Fourth, among families following the five day working system, adolescents who had more family leisure activities scored higher than the others in regards to manageable strengths, financial levels, family ties, communication, and family social ties. Additionally, where adolescents thought they had fewer family leisure activities, family-oriented adolescents tended to be engaged in higher physical-activity-oriented and hobby-oriented activities in relation to manageable strengths, financial level, family ties, and communication and hobby-oriented adolescents engaged in higher than average amounts of physical-activity, strengthening family social ties in the process. Fifth, concerning families not adhering to the five day working system, adolescents who had more family leisure activities scored higher than others in terms of manageable strengths, financial levels, family ties, communication, and family social ties. As the above results indicate, family leisure activities appear to be a key factor influencing family strength. Therefore, further support should be extended toward developing new forms of family leisure and additional studies should be devoted to the subject.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.687-690
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• 2005

Recently, to consider financial and constructive aspect, usage of Admixture, like Blast- Furnace Slag and Fly-Ash, are increased. These mineral admixtures, a by-product of steel industry, have many advantage, to reduce the heat of hydration, increase in ultimate strength, improve workability and etc. But it also reduces early-age strength, so it is prevented from using of Blast-Furnace Slag at cold-weather-concrete. In this study, for the purpose of increasing usage of mineral admixtures, like Blast-Furnace Slag and Fly ash, it is investigated the strength properties of concrete subjected to under low temperature According to this study, if early curing is carried out before having frost damage, the strength of concrete, subjected to frost damage, is recovered. And to consider increasing effect of strength, it is more effective to use of mineral admixtures, especially to use blast furance slag.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2024

In the promotion of Chinese language, the funding that Confucius Institutes can rely on only comes from Hanban. From 2009 to 2014, the number of new Confucius Institutes opened is much higher than before. With the increasing number of Confucius Institutes established in various countries, the funding for promoting Chinese language has limited its development. The development situation of Confucius Institutes in Australia is diversified with very rich experience. The market-oriented development of Confucius Institutes has also tried many times. The Confucius Institutes in the Lancang-Mekong region have less experience but they can learn from various experiences from Australia to provide better ideas and paths for the development of Confucius Institutes in this region and the promotion of Chinese. This paper uses the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) model to analyze the market feasibility of financial support for the development of Confucius Institutes and makes certain suggestions for the promotion of Chinese language in the Lancang-Mekong region.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.629-634
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• 2001

Recently, to consider financial and constructive aspect, usage of Admixture, like Blast-Furnace Slag and Fly-Ash, are increased. Also the use of cold-weather-concrete is increased. Blast-furnace Slag, a by-product of steel industry, have many advantage, to reduce the heat of hydration, increase in ultimate strength and etc. But it also reduces early-age strength, so it is prevented from using of Blast-Furnace Slag at cold-weather-concrete. In this study, for the purpose of increasing usage of Blast-Furnace Slag at cold-weather-concrete, it is investigated the strength properties of concrete subjected to frost damage for the cause of early age curing. According to this study, if early curing is carried out before having frost damage, the strength of concrete, subjected to frost damage, is recovered. And that properties is not connected with the frost cause.