• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.127-135
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• 2020

The paper aims to examine whether business cycles affect the link between financial development and bank risk, measured by Zscore and non-performing loans to total loans in six Southeast Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. This study uses a sample of 95 listed commercial banks over a 15-year period between 2004 and 2018 in the six Southeast Asian countries. This study employs panel OLS regression and modifications to tackle issues such as endogeneity and heteroscedasticity. The results show that the impact of stock market development (the ratio of the market capitalization to GDP) on Zscore is significantly positive, whereas its effect on non-performing loans is significantly negative. The findings suggest that financial development, in terms of stock market capitalization, improves banks' Zscores and reduces their level of non-performing loans, suggesting that financial development on average reduces bank risk. The impact of business cycle is insignificant towards bank risk, thus rejecting both counter- and pro-cyclical hypotheses, except for the case of risk indicator of loan loss provisions. Examining the joint effect of the business cycle and financial development on bank risk, we find that the phase of business cycles generally does not moderate the link between financial development and bank risk.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.3 s.26
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• pp.18-39
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• 2005

There are various factors to determine success and failure of new product development. Among them one of the most important factors for success will be strategic management of development process for a new product. First the development process for a new product in domestic restaurant business is improvement of existing product quality or extension of a product line. Second, the study found that there is a strong relationship between the development strategy.for a new product and its outcome. The more focused a product becomes in cost efficiency and customer relations, the better reflected the financial and non financial outcome can be in analysis. Third, financial outcome tends to be considered more than non financial outcome on deciding success of the new product development. Fourth, the study indicates that there is a direct relationship between financial non financial outcome analysis and success of new product development.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.4 s.27
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• pp.134-149
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• 2005

First, generally the more business employ the financial and non financial outcome analysis for evaluation process, the higher the success rate of new product development becomes in the domestic restaurant market. Second, the study shows that the financial outcome tends to be considered more than non financial outcome on deciding success of the new product development. Third, it is indicated that although detailed plans have a large impact on the outcome of new product development, communication between departments within a company is not a considerably important factor for deciding success of the new product. Fourth, 'market environment' has significant influence on deciding adoption level of financial and non financial outcome analysis, organizational resources and culture.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

This study investigates the reports about financial management and financial information needs in farm household, to development financial education program for farm household. The results were as follows: 1) Financial management was carried of husband (49%), husband and wife (31.0%) and wife (15.2%) 2) Farm households demand of financial information was selling for farm products(66.5%), farm management(65.1), keeping budget(52.6%) and consumer information(42.6%). 3) The variables (sex, age, Education, farming type) have statistically significant on test of financial knowledge. 4) On the basis of results, for the stabilization of rural economy it is necessary to maximize and stabilize the rural house hold income however, it is also necessary to educate the rural people by providing the ways and means to efficiently manage the income. Thus various financial management programs and educational resources should be developed and provided to the agriculture household finance managers and the instructors in Agricultural Technology Development Center. Specially, according to the financial knowledge test as the demand of financial information in the group of respondents who answered ‘don’t know’ is higher than the demand in the group of right or wrong answers it is quite urgent to develop and provide the financial education programs and financial resources for these people.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.195-206
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• 2016

Mobile financial services with incorporated into IT are actively introduced and being operated worldwide. Meanwhile, a relationship setting of industrial capital and financial capital has a close connection with development process of the financial markets and the economic development. If the relationship setting of industrial capital and financial capital are right, it will be good opportunity to ensure economic development, positive economic effect and global competitiveness of the financial industry as other developed countries. In order to expand the positive effects of these mobile financial services, a ICT companies, etc. should ease regulations to allow entry to the mobile financial services market. That is, the separation of banking and commerce should be abolished.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.252-258
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• 2021

Given the cyclicality, seasonality, and capital-intensiveness, the development of the shipping industry has long been contingent on corporate financing activities. As such, there have been a growing number of cities in East Asia pursuing a global maritime financial center in order to support their domestic shipping industry. However, it is widely accepted that financial services relevant to shipping in East Asia are quite under-developed compared to those of other leading maritime financial centers in Europe and North America. In this regard, this paper aimed to construct an evaluation index of maritime financial centers in terms of financial ecological environment for the purpose of highlighting the current status of development and suggesting future directions. Furthermore, this paper examined the development of shipping finance in Qingdao as a numerical example using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and compared results with those of Shanghai.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.203-211
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• 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased at an exponential rate during the last two decades. It is now a feature of emerging market economies as well. Foreign direct investment and financial development are important factors in an economy's growth. Various studies have examined the impact of foreign direct investment and financial development on economic growth in different countries and areas. However, the findings are currently inconclusive. Using updated data from 1970 to 2020, this study will examine the relationships between FDI, financial development, and economic growth in 30 rising economies.GDP is the dependent variable, while FDI, financial development, trade openness, infrastructure, exchange rate, and GDP growth are the independent factors. To estimate the panel data, we used the most recent econometric models. The study's major findings suggest that FDI and financial development are critical determinants in emerging economies' economic progress. Furthermore, multiple robustness checks supported the study's empirical findings. The results of this study include various practical recommendations for investors, governments, and policymakers, given the increased interest in global economic integration and member states' reliance on FDI as a critical aspect of sustaining prosperity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.673-685
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• 2020

Financial literacy is one of the sustainable development goals of huge concern of governments. Governments explore solutions addressing policies to improve financial literacy. Nevertheless, financial management has such a broad scope and is not just limited to knowledge. As human nature, individuals are born with different confidence levels that include various financial abilities. This study aims to investigate the household-financial efficacy through the application of psychometric instruments, risk preference, and demographic characteristics toward consumption decision behavior. The research is based on a survey 479 households in the peninsular Malaysia, and utilizes the structural equation model, cluster proportional and systematic random sampling, and two measurements - composite reliability and average variance extracted. Results show that households' financial efficacy is one of the critical factors that explain the households' consumption decision behavior. Also, risk preference, gender and area location (rural or urban) of the household determined the consumption decision behavior of the household. The effectiveness of consumption decision is not only determined by financial literacy, but also financial efficacy. The implications of this paper may help to design policies in narrowing the broad gap between the rural and urban level of financial efficacy. The government needs to take appropriate actions to fix it.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.139-150
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• 2021

The financial system is a relatively important sector in the economy of a country. Its role in providing access to financial services to people is able to support a better economy. The main problem in this financial system is caused by the barriers that prevent individuals or companies from accessing these financial services. This study aims to empirically analyze the relationship financial inclusion and financial system stability in ASEAN 4 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and The Philippines). Financial inclusion proxied by the financial inclusion through credit variable and other banking variables such as the number of financial services access, banking asset, and financial system stabilization is seen from banking performance through non-performing loan and Z score instruments. Empirically, the study uses panel data in the form of annual data for 2005-2016. The method used Panel VAR. The result shows that financial inclusion affects the stability of the financial system in ASEAN 4. This indicates that financial development through financial inclusion can encourage stability of the financial system in ASEAN 4. In this globalization era, the integrated financial system is increasing, this research shows the importance of developing financial inclusion by eliminating barriers to financial exclusion.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.4 s.82
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• pp.37-50
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of financial behaviors and subjective economic well-being in personal financial education through research targeted at adults. The results indicated by the research can be summarized as follows. First, there was a significant difference found in the changes of financial behaviors in accordance with the types of financial education programs, the time period, and the methods of financial education. Second, financial behaviors were higher when participating in profit financial education programs or in workplace financial education programs. Additionally, the increase was higher when participating in long-term programs. Third, the positive effects on subjective economic well-being were financial behaviors, participation in profitable financial education programs, unmarried and income level.