• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyse the role of the inter-regional knowledge network in the knowledge based economic development of regions, using regional data collected over the IMF financial crisis between 1996 and 2001. In particular, the major questions about the inter-regional knowledge network in terms of regional innovation are as follows. First, how can be distinguished the inter-regional knowledge networks among the regions? Secondly, what is the relationship between the real object economy and the inter-regional knowledge network? To answer rho questions listed above, the social network analysis is used to examine the association between the intra-regional knowledge linkage structure and the change of the real object economy. For the empirical analyses, regional labour data for 16 Metropolitan Areas(Si) and Provinces(Do) from 1996 to 2001 are used. The findings of the study suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between the concentration of the inter-regional knowledge linkage and a rate of economic growth of the real object economy and that there is a negative correlation between the density and the standard deviation of the inter-regional knowledge linkage and the rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.24-34
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• 2000

The project for rehabilitation and revegetation of the abandoned coal-mine lands is a very important national environmental restoration project in the view point of rehabilitation and revegetation of denuded forest-lands caused by coal mining as well as restoration of disturbed natural environment and control of the variable pollutions. In Korea, because a large number of coal mines had been developed in order to fill up abundantly consumption of coal as a major energy source in the developing period, a lot of denuded forest-lands caused by coal mining had distributed in the whole country. And, due to the absence of effective rehabilitation and revegetation works on the denuded forestlands caused by coal-mining, most of them had been remained with being damaged. In 1990, area of the abandoned coal-mine lands, requiring the rehabilitation and revegetation works, was about 1,437.1 ha. For the past ten years ('90~'99), about 1,081.8 ha out of them had been rehabilitated and revegetated, and the rehabilitation planning area was about 33.0 ha in 2000. So, remaining area out of abandoned coal-mine lands will be about 322.3 ha after 2000. In principle, after abandoning coal-mine, mine owners must carry out the rehabilitation and revegetation works on the abandoned mine lands by themselves. But, most of mine owners were in financial difficulty after abandoning coal-mine, so that principle couldn't have obtained the desired effects. To solve this problem, from 1995, Coal Industry Promotion Board (CIPB) have carried out the rehabilitation and revegetation works on the abandoned coal-mine lands at government budgets, and they have obtained good results in the construction area. However, due to application of the "conventional erosion control measures and techniques" to the rehabilitation and revegetation measures on the abandoned coal-mine lands, the results and effects of the works excuted have not been successful. Therefore, unique measures and techniques for rehabilitation and revegetation of the abandoned coal-mine lands will have to be developed, especially including development of new techniques on the soil-dressing and soil-covering, seed spray and hydro-seeding measures with seed-fertilizer-soil materials as the mechanized measures, and using of new materials for the tree planting and seedling measures.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-22
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• 2010

Purpose: Through a thorough examination of the CCSC (Community Comprehensive Support Center) system in Japan, this study suggests a scheme to provide community-based preventive health care services for the elderly in Korea. Methods: The study inquired into the applicability of the Japanese model by reviewing the data related to the CCSC project, aided by both in-depth interviews with staff in the field and consultations with specialists. Results: Rearrangement of the Visiting Health Management Project system is needed to manage the collective or individual visiting care management for frailty prevention of the elderly in communities. The delegated service system for preventive care in the community, including direct management by one of the public health centers, also needs to be reviewed and the application of stricter standards for the selection of the agency or corporation to run the delegated service is necessary. Long-Term Care Insurance, along with national and local grants, is to be considered as a financial resource for the community-based preventive health care model for the elderly. By making active use of education rooms at district offices, senior citizen centers in neighborhoods for the elderly with easy access can be created. The project needs to raise active supports from communities, develop programs which can be absorbed into particular local cultures, and promote the understanding of the preventive project in local communities. The preventive program should focus on first solving the problems of depression, seclusion, and lack of mobility of the elderly. Second, the program should instruct physical self-management for exercise-nutrition-dental maintenance, and third, the program should strengthen the cognitive abilities of the elderly. In addition, it is necessary to systematize and implement counter-plans of the family and community to protect the elderly who has mental and cognitive problems. Finally, by establishing a network of public health welfare resources based upon research on a community level, assessment and planning for the health of the elderly should be one with their family, and comprehensive consultation and recommendations should be provided to the family. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the experience Japan has had with respect to a similar project, it is appropriate to develop and implement a service system which would combine the Visiting Health Management Project system which has already been established and a preventive health care model for the elderly on a community level.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

After the global financial crisis, domestic construction industry has gone through a rapid recession. This resulted in gradual market shift towards architectural remodeling. Architectural remodeling not only improves residential environment but it has many advantages such as increase of each unit's exclusive area, free space within the horizontal or extension of an annex building, and increase number of household through splitting the household of bigger pyeong, etc. However, in case of the Korean market for apartment remodeling, due to various regulations and problem with business promotion procedures, majority of business is slow despite the figure that remodeling volume is not that small. Also, feasibility study which decides to push ahead public house remodeling business will have a flaw using net present value's law; it has a flaw of not considering properties of each phase of remodeling business and future's uncertainty. Hence, this research will improve the problem of traditional value assessment method of net present value's law. It will also consider one of the real options such as binomial model in order to supplement NPV which is used in current feasibility study. This research was based on real successful cases of public house remodeling and it was possible for feasibility study which was more realistic and valid. This research provided foundation for development of Korean public house remodeling market. There is high anticipation of increasing the validity by improving the problems of current feasibility study and economic efficiency assessment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

The B2B e-commerce assurance system supports e-commerce purchases by Credit Guarantee Fund. This process seeks to replace a variety of current systems, including B2C, the credit card payment method on B2B, 2001 Credit Guarantee Fund and the Bank, logistics, e-MP (Market Place), and Business-to-business e-MP (business-to-business electronic payment settlement system). Over the past 10 years of its operation, the e-MP service (B2B e-commerce electronic payment systems) has contributed much to the growth of SMEs. The development of business-to-business e-commerce transactions systems and limits have provided a stable purchasing platform, improving corporate competitiveness. However. the project-based scale of credit guarantee institutions has limitations. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new model of direct or indirect government support for small business e-MP projects. This new model will support the B2B electronic commerce by allowing it to directly involve guarantee institutions directly in B2B online transactions. Therefore, this study urges government backing of the SME based B2B online business model with e-MP service.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.131-144
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• 2020

Political connection are widespread in many countries and are a hot topic in economic research right now. In China, companies are actively forming political connections in several ways. Based on the research model and theoretical analysis, this thesis puts forward the research hypothesis and constructs the research model of political connections and corporate performance using the financial data and corporate governance data of China A-share listed real estate companies in 2010-2014. The thesis mainly analyzes the political association of CEO. For the analysis result, this research uses the univariate regression analysis and multivariate analysis to carry out the robustness test. The empirical study analysis includes three parts: firstly, in Chinese listed real estate enterprises, CEO political connection has a significantly negative correlation with corporate performance. It means real estate enterprises whose CEO has political connections gain a lower performance than other enterprises; Secondly, from the personal characteristics of the CEO, age, sex and education level have positive relationship with the performance of the enterprise, the additional post situation negatively related to the firm's performance; Finally, the firm's scale liquidity ratio and capital asset rario have a negative relationship with corporate performance, and the number of top managers is positively related to corporate performance. This research made a study on the political connection in Chinese real estate industry, which could also provide beneficial references for the development of enterprises in this industry.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-32
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• 2007

This age is called the age of global trade, and the World Trade Organization is a forerunner in promoting the global free trade through multilateral negotiations as the global level. On the other hand, regional economic cooperation such as North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) is appearing, saying that promotion by WTO takes too much time. As is known to everybody, Europe is on the way of integrating member states through EU not to mention economic cooperation. Even in Asia such tendency is shown through ASEAN, Korea, China and Japan in Northeast Asia share geographical proximity, many common historical experiences, and similar cultural norms and values although they have disparities in stages of development, trade and economic policies, and financial and legal frameworks. Under the situation, efforts have been made between three countries of Korea, China and Japan for the conclusion of investment agreements including FTA. If the conclusion of the FTA between the three countries would be realized, it would promote regional trade and investment, contributing to economic growth in the Northeast Asian region. The writer in this paper reviewed the settlement of private commercial dispute including investment dispute arising from the FTA and investment agreements. The investment dispute is quite different from an ordinary commercial dispute arising from commercial transactions in view of disputing parties, applicable laws and rules, etc. Therefore it is a problem of vital importance that the parties interested in investment under the FTA as well as the relevant investment agreement should understand and cope with the settlement mechanism of investment disputes arising therefrom. The ICSID Convention provides facilities for the conciliation and arbitration of disputes between member countries and investors who qualify as nationals of other member countries. All contracting states of the ICSID Convention are required by the Convention to recognize and enforce the ICSID arbitral awards. The New York Convention(formally called "United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards") is also applicable for the enforcement of arbitral awards to be rendered under the FTA. As to applicable rules, the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules may be required for the settlement of investment disputes under the FTA. This Rules has adopted by the internationally recognized arbitral organizations although it was developed primarily for use in ad hoc arbitration. The promotion of arbitral cooperation may be realized through agreements between arbitral institutions. Especially under the NAPTA system, a central common system was established to resolve jointly private commercial disputes arising from such free trades by the initiative of arbitral organizations among the member countries. It is called Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas(CAMCA), which may be a good example for the settlement promotion of the private commercial disputes between Korea and other relevant countries.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2016

The impact of the recent small business start-up competition in the market, has become overheated. It is effected by early retirement of a generation of youth employment. This study is a study on the impact of SEMAS(Small Enterprise and Market Service) system operating of the funding system, education support programs, and consulting support system on the business performance of small business owners. It has surveyed 272 business owners, in Gyeongsangnam-province. The study includes specific support system for usage frequency and satisfaction and conducted from January 2013 to September 2015. In addition, it analyzes characteristic that motivation, business model, item, owner's experience, sales and demographic by small business owner. Analysis results, the management performance of small business that uses financial support system and consulting support system is shown to be high. But education support system is the opposite effect. As a result, the management performance is related to industry experience. Therefore education support system need to be reorganized to the support depends on the development stage. This study was conducted to help small business owners entered the start-up market and a decision-making person with a policy decision.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Urban parks are important spaces of ecological and socio-cultural value to citizens who lead busy lives in increasingly complex and densely populated megalopolises. However, creating and maintaining city parks takes the will of the authorities to put it into practice and provide the attendant financial resources. That explains why we are focused on the budget aspects for the Seoul Metropolitan City in relation to creating park spaces. Our findings were as follows: 1) The overall city budget has steadily increased, but the budget allocated to Green Seoul Bureau and new park development has decreased since 2011. 2) As for elected officials, the budget grew during the time of the first, third, and fourth mayors as the creation of parks was considered to be a major priority, but after the sixth popularly elected mayor, the budget was sharply cut. 3) About 10% of the budget was allocated to the parks managed by the self-governing districts, compared to the ones under the direct management of the city. Furthermore, the analysis of the average annual budget for each park and how long (in terms of year) the budget for each park is invested showed that it was classified into three different types of category. Local governments adhere to the principle that their budget must be compiled and expended for a single year, which makes it hard to establish and push ahead with a long-term plan. However, as parks and green areas should not be approached from a short-term perspective for performance but from a long-term perspective, securing the consistent amount of budget is essential. This study has significance in that it attempted to analyze the budget issues related to parks, which has not been studied in depth so far, but the subject in this paper was limited to the budget for Green Seoul Bureau. Therefore, further research is needed because the parks managed by the self-governing districts were not considered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

The role of the botanical garden in securing biodiversity, responding to climate change, and sustainable development in modern cities is becoming more important. Private botanical gardens that lead the domestic botanical culture are declining due to complex reasons such as an increase of tourist destinations, lack of policy support, lack of introduction of advanced management strategies, and similar leisure activities to national and public botanical gardens. The Private Botanical Garden not only has a large number of plant species with high conservation value, but also provides various public utilities as a cultural and educational space and government efforts are needed to activate the operation of this amenity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of public functions provided by private botanical gardens using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). In this way, the government aims to provide a basis for policy and institutional support for private botanical gardens. The main results are as follows. First, public utility functions provided by private botanical gardens were recognized as 'preservation' (23.4%), 'recreation and tourism' (17.5%) and 'research' (16.6%) in order of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Second, 'heritage value' (33.0%) and 'existence value' (32.5%) were recognized as significant among the values provided by private botanical gardens. Third, the willingness to pay (WTP) to preserve the public functions of the private botanical garden was 12,234 won. Based on this, the economic value of all private botanical gardens in the whole country was estimated, resulting in about 233.8 billion won. There is a need to revise laws and regulations related to financial support for the revitalization and quality improvement of private botanical gardens. It is also necessary to establish a cooperative operating system between national, public and private botanical gardens.